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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1438
  Modeling water infiltration into soil under fractional wettability conditions

  Di Prima, Simone; Stewart, Ryan D.; Abou Najm, Majdi R.; Yilmaz, Deniz; Comegna, Alessandro; Lassabatere, Laurent

  The heterogeneous distribution of water-repellent materials at the soil surface causes a phenomenon known as fractional wettability. This condition frequently triggers destabilization of the wetting front during water infiltration, resulting in the formation of fingered bypass flow. However, few analytical tools exist to understand and model this behavior. Moreover, existing infiltration models fail to fit certain infiltration curves that exist in experimental data. For these reasons, we introduce a novel infiltration model to simulate water infiltration under fractional wettable conditions. We conceptualize the soil surface as a composite of two distinct portions: a water-repellent fraction, where hydrophobic effects impede water infiltration, and a wettable fraction, where capillarity and gravity are the dominant forces controlling the process. The new model was validated using a dataset comprising infiltration data from 60 field measurements. Additionally, validation was performed using 660 analytically generated infiltration curves from six synthetic soils with varying textures. This innovative approach enabled us to account for the combined influence of these two fractions and to enhance the interpretation of infiltration curves with mixed shapes, which other common methods are unable to reproduce.

  AtıfScopus8·OpenAlex9

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• MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1820
  Ks estimates using macroscopic capillary length estimated from soil hydraulic shape coefficients and Haverkamp infiltration model

  Yilmaz, Deniz; Sağlam, Mustafa; İç, Serkan; Stewart, Ryan D.; Lassabatere, Laurent

  In this study, we developed a new general approach to estimate the macroscopic capillary length (λc) using different hydraulic function models and related shape parameters, along with the Haverkamp infiltration model constant. We next applied this new approach to the van Genuchten model coupled with a Burdine condition (vGB) to estimate λc. Then, we applied the new λc computation to three different methods for estimating saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and analyzed two sets of constant infiltration data: 1) an analytically generated Beerkan-type dataset and 2) constant head and Beerkan-type infiltration tests performed at the Ambarköprü Experimental Station of Blacksea Agricultural Research Institute in Samsun, Turkey. Our new approach provided accurate Ks estimates when applied to the analytical Beerkan infiltration data. The highest error was observed for a silt soil, with 30 % error for one formulation versus <15 % for the others. For synthetic coarse-textured soils such loamy sand and sandy loam, the error was <10 %. For the field data and Beerkan-type experiments, the new approach gave consistent estimates of Ks regardless of analytical interpretation. However, ANOVA analysis revealed that Ks varied between different infiltration test types, with constant head infiltrometry with 5 cm of applied water head having greater Ks values than the Beerkan tests (p < 0.05). Estimated Ks values also differed between land use types (p < 0.01), with a maize field having significantly greater Ks compared to a soybean field. Overall, we conclude that the proposed approach represents an efficient and appropriate method for characterizing point-scale saturated hydraulic conductivity, so long as experimental artifacts such as ring insertion deep and preferential flows are considered.

  AtıfScopus3

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1677
  Parameterizing Haverkamp Model From the Steady-State of Numerically Generated Infiltration: Influence of Algorithms for Steady-State Selection

  Autovino, Dario; Bagarello, Vincenzo; Iovino, Massimo; Lassabatere, Laurent; Yilmaz, Deniz

  BEST (Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters) methods of soil hydraulic characterisation are widely applied for estimating sorptivity, S, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks. Calculating these properties requires choosing the β and γ parameters of the Haverkamp infiltration model. These parameters can be obtained from numerically simulated three-dimensional (3D) infiltration runs reaching steady-state. This investigation tested dependence of the estimated β and γ parameters on the algorithm for steady-state selection using simulated 3D cumulative infiltrations for different soils and initial conditions. Two algorithms used the original simulation outputs and included using (i) a threshold defining steadiness (T-algorithm) and (ii) the last four data points, yielding a reference value of steady-state infiltration rate (R-algorithm). A third algorithm, similar to the R-algorithm, was applied to previously re-sampled infiltration data at fixed time intervals (RR-algorithm). The intercept, bs, of the straight line fitted to the data describing steady-state on the cumulative infiltration plot depended on the applied algorithm more than the slope of this line. Consequently, β varied with the applied algorithm more than γ. The RR-algorithm, yielding 0.62 ≤ β ≤ 1.99 and 0.74 ≤ γ ≤ 0.98, was preferred since it mediated between advantages and disadvantages of T- and R-algorithms. The influence of the choice of proper values for β and γ on the estimates of S and Ks was evaluated using BEST. Using the default values of β (0.6) and γ (0.75) yielded accurate estimates of S but not of Ks. Soil dependent β and γ values should be used in this case. A check of the reliability of the estimates of bs can be made by a sequential analysis of the cumulative infiltration data. Future developments include considering sources differing in size and establishing if the suggested β and γ values apply in general to the available BEST algorithms.

  AtıfScopus2·OpenAlex2

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/3042
  Mixed formulation for an easy and robust numerical computation of sorptivity

  Lassabatere, Laurent; Peyneau, Pierre-Emmanuel; Yilmaz, Deniz; Pollacco, Joseph; Fernández-Gálvez, Jesús; Latorre, Borja; Moret-Fernández, David; Di Prima, Simone; Rahmati, Mehdi; Stewart, Ryan D.

  Sorptivity is one of the most important parameters for the quantification of water infiltration into soils. proposed a specific formulation to derive sorptivity as a function of the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions, as well as initial and final soil water contents. However, this formulation requires the integration of a function involving hydraulic diffusivity, which may be undefined or present numerical difficulties that cause numerical misestimations. In this study, we propose a mixed formulation that scales sorptivity and splits the integrals into two parts: the first term involves the scaled degree of saturation, while the second involves the scaled water pressure head. The new mixed formulation is shown to be robust and well-suited to any type of hydraulic function - even with infinite hydraulic diffusivity or positive air-entry water pressure heads - and any boundary condition, including infinite initial water pressure head, h→-∞. Lastly, we show the benefits of using the proposed formulation for modeling water into soil with analytical models that use sorptivity. Copyright:

  AtıfScopus11·OpenAlex14

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• MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2023Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/2069
  Soil-dependent β and γ shape parameters of the Haverkamp infiltration model for 3D infiltration flow

  Yilmaz, D.; Lassabatere, L.; Moret-Fernandez, D.; Rahmati, M.; Angulo-Jaramillo, R.; Latorre, B.

  Estimating of soil sorptivity ((Figure presented.)) and saturated hydraulic conductivity ((Figure presented.)) parameters by field infiltration tests are widespread due to the ease of the experimental protocol and data treatment. The analytical equation proposed by Haverkamp et al. (1994) allows the modelling of the cumulative infiltration process, from which the hydraulic parameters can be estimated. This model depends on both initial and final values of the soil hydraulic conductivity, initial soil sorptivity, the volumetric water content increase ((Figure presented.)) and two infiltration constants, the so-called (Figure presented.) and (Figure presented.) parameters. However, to reduce the number of unknown variables when inverting experimental data, constant parameters such as (Figure presented.) and (Figure presented.) are usually prefixed to 0.6 and 0.75, respectively. In this study, the values of these constants are investigated using numerical infiltration curves for different soil types and initial soil water contents for the van Genuchten-Mualem (vGM) soil hydraulic model. Our new approach considers the long-time expansions of the Haverkamp model, the exact soil properties such as (Figure presented.), (Figure presented.) and initial soil moisture to derive the value of the (Figure presented.) and (Figure presented.) parameters for each specific case. We then generated numerically cumulative infiltration curves using Hydrus-3D software and fitted the long-time expansions to derive the value of the (Figure presented.) and (Figure presented.) parameters. The results show that these parameters are influenced by the initial soil water content and the soil type. However, for initially dry soil conditions, some prefixed values can be proposed instead of the currently used values. If an accurate estimate of (Figure presented.) and (Figure presented.) is the case, then for coarse-textured soils such as sand and loamy sand, we propose the use of 0.9 for both constants. For the remaining soils, the value of 0.75 can be retained for (Figure presented.). For (Figure presented.) constant, 0.75 and 1.5 values can be considered for, intermediate permeable soils (sandy loam and loam) and low permeable soils (silty loam and silt), respectively. We clarify that the results are based on using the vGM model to describe the hydraulic functions of the soil and that the results may differ, and the assumptions may change for other models.

  AtıfScopus12·OpenAlex10

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• MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/2666
  Testing Simplified Beerkan Infiltration (SBI) Methods on Technosol to Estimate the Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity

  Yilmaz, D.

  The development of infiltration techniques has facilitated the estimation of soils hydraulic properties. Among these, the simplified Beerkan infiltration methods are the most attractive because of their ease of use and low cost. However, they have not been tested on a wide range of soils, more particularly on technosols which are more and more present in urban areas. The transient method using the preliminary part of the infiltration curve and the long-time method using the part of the curve where the infiltration flow becomes permanent were tested on 32 infiltrations collected on 5 experimental technosols to estimate the saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks. The results show that the estimated Ks for both methods are in the same order of magnitude when compared to the reference value. The steady state approach has led to better results of Ks estimates related with R2 factor of 0.902 versus 0.798 for transient one. However, in the case of Basic Oxygen Furnace slag technosol the differences in Ks estimates are more pronounced and additional investigations are necessary. If no complex reaction inside the microstructure occurs, then the simplified method may be used for a rough estimate of Ks on technosols.

  AtıfScopus1·WoS1·OpenAlex1

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/2574
  Three-term formulation to describe infiltration in water-repellent soils

  Yilmaz, Deniz; Di Prima, Simone; Stewart, Ryan D.; Abou Najm, Majdi R.; Fernandez-Moret, David; Latorre, Borja; Lassabatere, Laurent

  Modeling infiltration in water-repellent soils is difficult, as the underlying processes remain poorly quantified. However, recent work has adapted the Beerkan Soil Transfer Parameter (BEST) algorithm to include an exponential correction term for characterizing these types of soils. The original BEST-WR (WR = Water Repellent) method used a two-term approximate expansion of the Haverkamp quasi-exact implicit model. However, the BEST-WR method can have considerable inaccuracy, particularly as the time of infiltration and the soil water repellency increase. Here, we extended the BEST-WR model by adapting a three-term approximation of the Haverkamp quasi-exact implicit model to water-repellent soils. We then tested the new method using analytical data. For highly water-repellent soils, the proposed method had better performance when estimating soil sorptivity (S) and soil saturated conductivity (Ks), with respective errors of less than 1.5 % and 8 %, compared to relative errors of more than 10 % and 30 % with the two-term BEST-WR method. We also tested both approaches with experimental data. The two methods provided similar estimates for hydraulic parameters, with linear correlations between methods of R2 = 0.84 for S and R2 = 0.88 for Ks. Initial infiltration was not well modeled by either the two-term or three-term model for 33 tests, thus revealing limitations in the applied exponential model that we used to account for soil repellency. Nonetheless, the proposed three-term expression provided better fits than the two-term model for most of the infiltration runs, meaning that this new approach is more robust when modeling infiltration processes in water-repellent soils.

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  AtıfScopus16·OpenAlex15

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• MakaleYalnız künye2021/r/munzur/6658
  Estimation of the Soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Soil Sorptivity of Terraced Soil Using Four-Term Expansions of the Haverkamp Model

  Yilmaz, Deniz

  Uzunçayır water retention Dam is located in the Tunceli province. This semi-arid mountainous region ineastern Turkey is prone to erosion. To combat this phenomenon, terraces along the edge of the MunzurUniversity campus were built on sloping ground with pine plantations. The objective is twofold, on theone hand to mitigate soil erosion and protect the dam from sediments deposits, and on the other hand topromote the infiltration of rainwater and the vegetation of the sloping soil. However, the so-called ecofunctions of the terraces over the time are not proven. Monitoring the infiltration capacities of the terracesover time and space will allow a better understanding of their contribution to the hydrology of thewatershed and their effect on soil erosion. The Beerkan infiltration technique offers simple andinexpensive experimental protocols. In addition, treatment methods are constantly improving. Morerecently, the four-term expansion of the implicit Haverkamp cumulative infiltration equation has beenproposed. This complicated but robust formulation was used in this study to estimate the soil sorptivity Sand saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks of terrace soil at Tunceli. The average Ks value of studied site wasestimated to be 0.0852 mm/s with a standard deviation of 0.0112 mm/s. The soil sorptivity values weremore extensive with mean value of 2.1227 mm/s0.5 and a standard deviation of 0.5855 mm/s0.5. The fit ofthe model used was perfect, showing that fast and robust estimation of S and Ks are possible using thenew model.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/2765
  Alternative α* Parameter Estimation for Simplified Beerkan Infiltration Method to Assess Soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity

  Yilmaz, D.

  Abstract: In situ characterization of the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) requires a large number of experiments, sampling, and laboratory measurements that are time-consuming and expensive. Simplified Beerkan Infiltration (SBI) method was developed to estimate an approximate Ks based on the infiltration curve without any sampling procedures. For that purpose, α* parameter, which is used in the calculation of Ks, was commonly set to a fixed value based on soil texture. This approach was not sufficient for an accurate Ks estimation. For a relatively dry soil, a new approach involving an empirical structural parameter was proposed to calculate an approximation of the α* parameter based on the shape of the steady state asymptote of the Beerkan cumulative infiltration. The new α* parameter was tested on simplified Beerkan infiltration (SBI) method in over 32 Beerkan experiments selected from the Soil World Infiltration Global (SWIG) database. The steady state SBI (SSBI) method estimated Ks with an accuracy close to those estimated with the BEST (Beerkan Estimation Soil Transfer) method. The R2 correlation factor for the SSBI method in Ks estimation with BEST intercept and steady methods were 0.982 and 0.994, respectively. For the transient SBI method, the R2 correlation factors calculated with BEST methods were lower; 0.858 and 0.827, respectively. Therefore, the application of the new α* parameter to the steady state simplified Beerkan approach allows an easy, inexpensive way to estimate accurately Ks.

  AtıfScopus6·WoS6·OpenAlex11

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/2662
  BEST-WR: An adapted algorithm for the hydraulic characterization of hydrophilic and water-repellent soils

  Di Prima, Simone; Stewart, Ryan D.; Abou Najm, Majdi R.; Ribeiro Roder, Ludmila; Giadrossich, Filippo; Campus, Sergio; Angulo-Jaramillo, Rafael; Yilmaz, Deniz; Roggero, Pier Paolo; Pirastru, Mario

  Water-repellent soils usually experience water flow impedance during the early stage of a wetting process followed by progressive increase of infiltration rate. Current infiltration models are not formulated to describe this peculiar process. Similarly, simplified methods of soil hydraulic characterization (e.g., BEST) are not equipped to handle water-repellent soils. Here, we present an adaptation of the BEST method, named BEST-WR, for the hydraulic characterization of soils at any stage of water-repellency. We modified the Haverkamp explicit transient infiltration model, included in BEST for modeling infiltration data, by embedding a scaling factor describing the rate of attenuation of infiltration rate due to water repellency. The new model was validated using analytically generated data, involving soils with different texture and a dataset that included data from 60 single-ring infiltration tests. The scaling factor was used as a new index to assess soil water repellency in a Mediterranean wooded grassland, where the scattered evergreen oak trees induced more noticeable water repellency under the canopies as compared to the open spaces. The new index produced results in line with those obtained using the water drop penetration time test, which is one of the most widely test applied for quantifying soil water repellency persistence. Finally, we used BEST-WR to determine the hydraulic characteristic curves under both hydrophilic and hydrophobic conditions.

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  AtıfScopus26·OpenAlex26

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