Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/2234
  Late pleistocene glacial history of Mount Karadağ, SW Türkiye

  Bayrakdar, Cihan; Çılğın, Zeynel; Sarış, Faize; Yeşilyurt, Serdar; Keserci, Ferhat; Büyükdeniz, Yusuf; Halis, Onur; Vockenhuber, Christof; Ivy-Ochs, Susan; Akçar, Naki

  Glacial landforms in the southwestern part of the Anatolian Peninsula are found at lower elevations than the rest, suggesting that glaciers were present during the Late Pleistocene. Karadağ, located west of the Western Taurus Mountains, provides evidence of the climatic conditions that facilitated this extensive glaciation. It is characterized by numerous peaks exceeding 2300 m above sea level (asl), with the highest peak reaching 2418 m, making it the region's largest glaciation area. This high mountain mass is composed mainly of limestone and dolomite. This study focuses on the glacial landforms in Karadağ to reconstruct the Late Pleistocene glacial chronology and palaeoclimate of the Western Taurus Mountains. We employed detailed UAV photogrammetry, extensive fieldwork and mapping, surface exposure dating with cosmogenic 36Cl, meteorological measurements, palaeoglacier reconstruction, and palaeo-equilibrium line altitude (pELA) calculations. Karadağ, a topographic barrier to humid air masses from the Mediterranean Sea, ranks as the second wettest area in the Western Taurus Mountains. At a meteorological station we installed in Karadağ, an annual precipitation of 1700 mm or more was recorded, highlighting its significant precipitation. In Karadağ, we have identified two glacial valleys with a maximum length of 4.5 km and six cirques. The glaciers reached their maximum extent around 22.4 ± 2.8 ka during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), facilitated by the lowering of the pELA to 2090 m. During the LGM, the glaciers covered an area of approximately 3.5 km2 and reached a maximum thickness of about 140 m. Sample TRKR 10 at 2015 m probably belongs to the LGM period. Although a single sample does not conclude definitive conclusions, the presence of the moraine at its highest position indicates the maximum thickness of the glacier. Following the LGM, two more significant glacier advances occurred during the Lateglacial (15.5 ± 2.7 ka) and the Younger Dryas (12.4 ± 1.1 ka). During the late Pleistocene glaciations, and especially during the LGM, Karadağ probably received more precipitation than today, leading to the formation of glaciers at relatively lower elevations than on the Anatolian Peninsula.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/2015
  Morphometric characteristics of glacial cirques and former glaciers in the Geyik Mountains, Western Taurus, Türkiye

  Çılğın, Zeynel; Evans, Ian S.; Keserci, Ferhat; Canpolat, Ergin; Bayrakdar, Cihan

  Using the Glacier reconstruction (GlaRe) toolbox, reconstructions of former glaciers in the Geyik Mountains, part of the Taurus Mountain system in southern Türkiye, show that an area of 132.5 km2 was glaciated in the last major glaciation, which left clear terminal and hummocky moraines. Glaciers were 1.4 to 12 km long and those from 49 cirques merged to form a broad 75 km2 piedmont glacier in the Namaras Valley, up to 400 m thick. A thorough analysis of morphometry of the 98 Geyik cirques, using the revised Automated Cirque Metric Extraction version 2 (ACME2) toolbox, shows that they are relatively small, with limited widths: the median length/width ratio of 1.29 is unusually high. With size, length and width increase faster than depth, demonstrating strong static allometry. Maximum slope averages 59°, minimum 3.3° and axial 25°. A combination of low hypsometric integral, high axial profile closure and high axial height-length integral is proposed as a measure of cirque development. The main summits are on sharp ridges on cirque crests, showing that they have been lowered by glacial erosion (by cirque development). Glaciation was strongly asymmetric, with cirque vector mean aspect between northeast and north-northeast. This shows the dominance of solar radiation effects, with some modification from westerly winds. Glacier palaeo- Equilibrium Line Altitudes (pELAs) rise northeastwards and cirque floor minimum altitudes (CFAs) rise toward east-northeast, both showing the importance of moist air from the Mediterranean, 38–55 km to the southwest. pELA averages 2208 m above sea level (a.s.l.) (2277 m area-weighted); CFA averages 2234 m. CFA varies mainly with summit altitudes; where related palaeoglaciers are short CFA is somewhat below pELA, but for longer ones it is above. The most likely palaeoclimate to form these glaciers involves a precipitation increase of 53–72 % with a temperature fall of 8 °C compared with present-day. The cirques formed under similar or less severe conditions.

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  AtıfScopus7·OpenAlex15

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• MakaleYalnız künye2023Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/2266
  Modeling the form, distribution and paleoclimatic implications of former glaciers in the Teke Peninsula (Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey)

  Keserci, Ferhat; Bayrakdar, Cihan; Çılğın, Zeynel; Evans, Ian S.

  The Western Taurus Mountains on the Teke Peninsula, Southwestern Turkey, saw substantial glaciation in the late Quaternary period. Accurate reconstructions of former glacier extent in this relatively marginal area of glaciation are important for establishing the paleoclimate in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin. From west to east, the mountains of Sandıras, Karadağ, Akdağ (Kaş), and Beydağları preserve clear evidence of cirques and moraines, representing glacial valley land systems. This study used calculation tools for Glacier Reconstruction, (GlaRe) and Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA), with glacier outlines based on the geomorphological evidence and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), to determine the distribution and ELAs of former glaciers and to estimate paleotemperature and paleo-precipitation during the maximum ice extent. The results are analyzed at three scales: for each glacier, between glaciers and between mountain ranges. While the glaciation was at its peak, we estimate that glaciers covered a total area of 26.4 km2 (1.28 ± 0.08 km2 on Sandıras Mountain, 3.86 ± 0.23 km2 on Karadağ, 16.17 ± 0.970 km2 on Akdağ (Kaş), and 5.09 ± 0.30 km2 in Beydağları): the longest glacier was in Akdağ (Kaş) with a length of 5787 m. Average paleo-ELA (pELA) was calculated as 2077 m a.s.l in Sandıras, 2097 m a.s.l in Karadağ, 2565 m a.s.l in Akdağ (Kaş), and 2468 m a.s.l in Beydağları. Glacier modeling estimated that the maximum ice thickness in Akdağ was 240 m ± 14, and the average thickness 75 ± 4 m. Among these mountains, Karadağ had the lowest elevation to which glaciers descended (1760 ± 16 m a.s.l). Topographic analyses revealed that glaciers formed in the four mountains mostly in the North-facing localities with highest slope values of 18 to 30°. During the maximum glaciation period air temperature depression has been estimated as 8 to 9° Celsius; That required a precipitation increase of some 40 to 60 % compared to present, to produce the former glaciers mapped in the Teke Peninsula.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/2401
  The form, distribution and palaeoclimatic implications of cirques in southwest Turkey (Western Taurus)

  Evans, I.S.; Çılğın, Z.; Bayrakdar, C.; Canpolat, E.

  The Taurus Mountains of southwest Turkey are split into numerous separated ranges, of which eleven supported former glaciers. We describe cirques and related moraines in four new locations, as well as those in seven ranges where glaciation was previously known. This gives a complete inventory of the 85 cirques in southwest Turkey. These are comparable in size to those elsewhere, but narrower and often less developed. Lengths averaging 672 m are high relative to widths of 542 m. Overall axial gradients average 22.4°. Cirque floor altitudes are controlled largely by altitudes of the mountains above, but they also vary in relation to precipitation, in sympathy with ELAs (Equilibrium Line Altitudes) of former glaciers. In most ranges where glaciers were short (extending little beyond cirques), ELA can be predicted from mean mid-floor altitude. Our observations demonstrate lower ELAs than in previous literature. Both ELAs and cirque floors rise eastward in the west, and northward inland from the coast. This supports the importance of winds from the west and southwest, off the Mediterranean Sea, bringing LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) conditions wetter than present to mountains near the coast. Cirques face on average a little east of north, showing the effects of shade and differential solar radiation receipt.

  AtıfScopus21·OpenAlex31

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• MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/4552
  The role of intraplate strike-slip faults in shaping the surrounding morphology: The Ovacik Fault (eastern Turkey) as a case study

  Yazici, Muge; Zabci, Cengiz; Sançar, Taylan; Natalin, Boris A.

  Although the westward extrusion of the Anatolian Block is mainly compensated along its boundary faults, the North Anatolian and the East Anatolian shear zones, it is internally deformed in a dominant manner by some strike-slip faults as well. To obtain a better understanding about this intraplate deformation of the Anatolian Block, we investigate the tectonic geomorphology of the Ovaak Fault (OF), which is the northeastern member of the Malatya-Ovaak Fault Zone (MOFZ). Further, we apply the most common geomorphic indices, such as the hypsometric curve and integral, longitudinal channel profiles, channel steepness and concavity, mountain front sinuosity, and valley height-width ratio to characterise and quantify the deformation along the OF and the surrounding region where the regional morphology is shaped with the joint effect of palaeo- and neotectonics and other morphological factors such as palaeoglacial processes. The highest hypsometric integral, steepness and concavity values are generally observed along the northeastern strand of the OF (the Munzur Mountains) and the Kemaliye Region. Further, we interpret that high HI and steepness values indicate a regional tectonic uplift because of either a change in fault geometry, which gives rise to the vertical component on the OF, or a regional high convergence zone. Furthermore, this study gives the first calculation of vertical uplift in the northern margin of the Ovacik Basin (OB) as at least 0.5 mm/y for long term deformation history. Thus, our results exhibit that the OF is one of the intraplate strike-slip faults of the Anatolian Block. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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