Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/1482
  Sustainable self-compacting mortars: mechanical, durability and microstructural evaluation with cement replacement materials under aggressive environmental conditions

  Karabulut, Büşra; Yön, Merve Şahin; Karataş, Mehmet

  The aim of this study is to assess the mechanical, physical and durability properties of environmentally friendly self-compacting mortars produced using materials containing industrial waste and natural stone. The test series were produced by substituting diatomite (D) and C class fly ash (F) with Portland cement (PC) up to 30% by weight. To evaluate the workability, mechanical and durability properties of self-compacting mortars (SCM), a total of 19 series, one of which was a reference sample, were prepared. The samples, whose mechanical properties and durability properties were investigated under sulphate attack and freeze-thaw effects, were prepared as 40 × 40 × 160 mm, and the series, whose physical properties were examined, were prepared as 50 × 50 × 50 mm. Also, SEM/EDS (Scanning Electron Microscope - Energy Dispersive X-Ray) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) analyses were carried out to evaluate the microstructural properties of the mixtures. When the 90-day compressive strength results were examined, it was determined that the highest decrease in compressive strength compared to the control sample occurred in the D20F10 sample with a rate of 61%, and the least decrease occurred in the D5 series with a rate of 10%. When the losses in compressive strength were evaluated after 50 freeze-thaw cycles, it was determined that there was a 100% reduction in the binary and ternary series containing D15 and D20. After six months of sulphate exposure, the D5F25 sample exhibited the most significant compressive strength reduction at roughly 40%, whereas the D15F15 series experienced the least compressive strength decline at around 5%.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/989
  Freeze–Thaw Performance and Microstructural Stability of Alkali-Activated Slag Mortars Incorporating Mussel Shell Waste

  Şahin Yön, Merve

  This study investigates the use of mussel shells (MSs), a biogenic by-product of the food industry, as a partial replacement for ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) in alkali-activated mortars. Given their high CaCO3 content, MSs represent a sustainable secondary raw material that reduces both waste disposal burden and reliance on natural resources, while offering a low-carbon alternative to conventional cement-based binders. Alkali-activated mussel shell/slag mortars (AAMSs) were produced with MS replacement ratios of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by mass of GBFS. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) were used as alkaline activators. Fresh specimens were cured at 60 °C for 48 h. The experimental program included workability, compressive and flexural strength, water absorption, porosity, density, capillarity, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and freeze–thaw (F-T) resistance tests. Increasing MS content slightly reduced flowability and mechanical strength, while increasing water absorption, porosity, and capillarity. The M0 series achieved the highest 28-day compressive strength (54.06 MPa), while M15 exhibited the highest flexural strength (5.23 MPa). Following F-T cycling, the 5% and 10% MS series demonstrated the best compressive strength (30 MPa). The 10% MS exhibits a relatively balanced overall performance, providing the best balance between mechanical performance, F-T resistance, and microstructural stability, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses showing elevated Ca/Si ratios and the formation of Ca-rich crystalline phases.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ4/r/munzur/970
  Impact of Basalt Powder on the Physical, Fresh, Hardened and Microstructural Characteristics of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag-Based Alkali-Activated Mortars

  Yön, Merve Şahin; Cemalgil, Selim

  In this study, the workability, mechanical and physical aspects of alkali-activated mortar (AAM) containing basalt powder (BP) and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) were investigated. For the experimental study, alkali-activated mortars (AAM) containing BP at 8%, 16%, 24%, 32% and 40% substitution rates for GBFS were developed. Mortars were synthesized with a sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide ratio of 3.0 for the binder materials and a 0.45 alkali activator-to-binder ratio. The flow diameters of the fresh mortars prepared using 40x40x160 mm molds were determined according to the European Federation of Experts in Construction Chemicals and Concrete Systems (EFNARC) standard. The fresh AAMs were wrapped in stretch film to prevent evaporation and then kept in an oven at 60°C for 48 hours. The cured samples were evaluated for their mechanical strengths at 3 and 28 days, freeze-thaw effects after 33 and 100 cycles, and microstructures after 100 cycles. According to the results, using 40% BP instead of GBFS caused a decrease of approximately 15.08% in 28-day compressive strength compared to the reference sample (100% GBFS). G100 showed a minimum porosity of 15.81% and a water absorption rate of approximately 7.3%. The G60B40 mixture had the highest sorptivity capacity with 5.29x10-3 cm/s0.5, while the G100 mixture showed the lowest capacity with 3.88x10-3 cm/s0.5. After 100 freeze-thaw cycles, the G60B40 sample had the largest strength loss of 61.61%, while the G100 sample showed the lowest strength loss of 9.89%.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/852
  Enhancing the mechanical and durability properties of fly ash/GGBS-based geopolymer mortars using dunite and polypropylene fibers

  Cemalgil, Selim; Gülmez, Nihan; Yön, Merve Şahin; Karataş, Mehmet

  Polypropylene (PP) fiber-reinforced geopolymer mortar reduces the high brittleness of conventional geopolymer made with natural aggregates. However, the effects of different precursor materials on the performance of PP fiber-reinforced self-compacting geopolymer mortar (SCGM) remain unclear. This study investigates the feasibility of using dunite (D), a magnesium-rich ultramafic rock with consistent mineralogy and low processing energy demand that enhances thermal stability and durability, as an alternative precursor for fly ash (FA)/ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)-based geopolymers. The study examined the workability, flexural and compressive strengths, and sorptivity of mortars cured at 20 ± 2°C and 60 ± 5% relative humidity, as well as their durability under freeze–thaw cycles and high-temperature exposure. Interfacial interactions between aggregates and the geopolymer matrix, along with microstructural and morphological changes caused by fire, were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were also performed for detailed material characterization. The mix containing 30% dunite exhibited the highest flexural strength, reaching 5.70 MPa at 28 days, the highest among all mixes. Under fire exposure, the mix containing 10% dunite significantly reduced mechanical strength loss and retained about 33.3% higher residual flexural strength than the FA–slag control mix at 600°C.

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  AtıfScopus1·WoS1·OpenAlex1

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/773
  Mechanical and durability properties of sustainable alkali-activated mortars with ceramic insulator waste and andesite powder as partial substitutes for GBFS

  Cemalgil, Selim; Yön, Merve Şahin; Dener, Murat; Karataş, Mehmet

  This study explores the use of andesite powder (AP) and ceramic waste powder (CWP), derived from discarded electrical insulators, as supplementary precursors to ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) in alkali-activated self-compacting mortars. The originality of the work lies in the combined utilization of these regionally sourced aluminosilicate wastes in binary and ternary binder systems, aiming to reduce GBFS dependency while ensuring adequate mechanical and durability performance. AP and CWP were used to replace GBFS at up to 50%, and the mixtures were evaluated for flowability, mechanical strength, density, porosity, water absorption, and capillary sorptivity. Durability was assessed through freeze–thaw cycling and high temperature exposure, and microstructural characteristics were examined using scanning electron microscope analysis. Results showed that while partial substitution with AP or CWP reduced compressive strength compared to the GBFS control, the incorporation of CWP in ternary systems partially compensated for the strength losses associated with AP. High temperature resistance improved markedly with increased CWP content; at 900°C, the 50% CWP mixture retained 44% of its original compressive strength, in contrast to 8% for the control. Although all mixtures containing waste exhibited reduced freeze–thaw resistance, mortars containing CWP exhibited superior performance compared to those with only AP. These findings highlight the potential of CWP, particularly in ternary systems, for developing sustainable alkali-activated mortars.

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  AtıfScopus16·WoS14·OpenAlex12

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/munzur/6193
  Nevşehir taşı tozunun kendiliğinden yerleşen harçlarda portland çimentosu ikamesi olarak kullanım potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi

  Yon, Merve Sahin; Karataş, Mehmet; Demir, Mustafa

  Portland çimentosunun üretimi atmosferdeki karbondioksit emisyonlarının artmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, Portland çimentosu yerine puzolanik özelliklere sahip doğal kaynakların ve atıkların kullanılması zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bu makalede, kendiliğinden yerleşen harç yapımında Portland çimentosunun yerine kullanılabilecek doğal olarak oluşan puzolanik bir malzeme olan Nevşehir taşı tozunun etkinliği incelenmiştir. Portland çimentosu yerine %5, %10, %15 ve %20 oranlarında Nevşehir taşı tozu ilave edilerek hazırlanan harcın performansının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla bir laboratuvar çalışması yapılmıştır. Kendiliğinden yerleşen harcın başlangıçtaki mekanik performansını incelemek için 40x40x160 mm boyutlarındaki prizmatik numuneler kullanılmıştır. Kendiliğinden yerleşen harçların yayılma çapları Avrupa İnşaat Kimyasalları ve Beton Sistemleri İhtisas Federasyonu standardı referans alınarak belirlenmiştir. Seçilen oranlarda Nevşehir taşı tozu ile oluşturulan numuneler, 23±2 ̊C sıcaklıktaki suya 3 gün süreyle daldırılmıştır. Kür süresi dolan numunelere 3 günün sonunda erken yaş eğilme ve basınç dayanımı testleri uygulanmıştır. Yapılan deneysel analiz sonucunda, en yüksek basınç dayanımlarının, referans numunelerinde ve çimentoyla %5 ikameli Nevşehir taşı tozuyla oluşturulan karışımlarda olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Nevşehir taşı tozunun eğilme dayanımı üzerinde olumlu bir etki sağladığını ancak basınç dayanımında düşüşlere neden olduğunu göstermektedir.

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  AtıfOpenAlex1·TR Dizin1

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• MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1006
  Mechanical, durability and microstructure properties of eco-friendly self-compacting mortars with addition of volcanic scoria, silica fume and boron waste as cement replacement

  Şahin Yön, Merve

  The objective of this experimental study is to investigate the mechanical and durability performances of self-compacting mortars containing industrial waste and natural stone to develop an environmentally friendly mortar. Binary series of boron waste (B), silica fume (S) and volcanic scoria (V) were formed by substituting up to 95 % by weight with Portland cement, and ternary series were formed by substituting up to 80 % by weight with Portland cement. A total of 14 mixtures and one reference mixture (R) were improved for the purpose of investigating the workability, mechanical strength and durability properties of self-compacting mortar with different binder compositions. Samples of 40x40x160 mm were produced to evaluate mechanical properties and freeze-thaw effect, 100x100x100 mm for abrasion testing and 50x50x50 mm to determine physical properties. Additionally, SEM/EDS and XRD analyses were performed to determine the microstructural characteristics of the mixtures formed. The test results demonstrated that the sole replacement of boron waste with Portland cement resulted in enhanced fluidity. Nonetheless, the 90-day compressive strengths of the S10V20 and B5S10V5 mixtures exhibited increases of 7.47 % and 5.57 %, respectively, relative to the reference, whilst the B15 series saw a 52.5 % reduction, marking the lowest 90-day compressive strength compared to the reference sample. When the freeze-thaw effect was assessed after 136 cycles, the compressive strength diminished by 8.57 %, 13.1 %, 4.13 %, 7.28 %, 6.22 %, 24.77 %, and 48.1 % in the R, B5, V5, V10, V15, B5S10V5, B5S10V10, and B5S10V15 samples, respectively. Among the samples subjected to abrasion tests, a loss of 6.5 per thousand occurred in the mass of the reference sample at the end of 6 minutes, while a loss of 11 per thousand occurred in the binary mixture containing 5 % B, which had the highest abrasion.

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  AtıfScopus16·WoS14·OpenAlex16

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/munzur/5672
  Effect of Ground Diatomite on Early Strength of Self-Compacting Mortars

  Karabulut, Büşra; Yon, Merve Sahin; Karataş, Mehmet

  Portland cement fabrication is a significant factor that increases the amount of carbon dioxide released into nature. For this reason, it is very important to use natural and waste materials with pozzolanic properties instead of portland cement. In this article, the usability of diatomite rock, a natural pozzolanic material that can be substituted with portland cement, in the manufacture of self-compacting mortar was studied. In the experimental study, prismatic specimens with dimensions of 40 × 40 × 160 mm were used to examine the impact of ground diatomite on the early age mechanical properties of self-compacting mortar; it was produced by replacing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% of diatomite with portland cement, respectively. The slump-flow test to obtain self-compacting mortar was conducted according to the European Federation of Specialized Construction Chemicals and Concrete Systems guidance. Specimens prepared using 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% diatomite were cured in water at 23±2 ̊C temperature for 3 days. 3-day (early age) flexural and compressive strength worths were gained for the samples whose curing period was completed. As a result of this experimental study, it was specified that the highest strengths were in the series containing 5% diatomite, exceeding the reference samples. Additionally, it has been determined that mechanical strength decreases when the diatomite ratio in mixtures is more than 5%.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1981
  Resistance to magnesium sulphate attack of binary and ternary cementless self-compacting alkali-activated mortar

  Şahin Yön, Merve; Karataş, Mehmet

  The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sulphate on self-compacting alkali-activated mortars (SCAAMs) produced using volcanic scoria (V), boron waste (B) and granulated blast furnace slag (G) together with alkali activators. Thus, the production of cement-free alkali-active mortar by recycling waste and reducing the CO2 effect increases the importance of this study. The fact that the waste material is provided free of charge and that V is readily available from nature provides economic advantages in the production of these mortars. In this experimental study, magnesium sulphate solution was utilized to define the sulphate resistance of SCAAMs. In binary SCAAMs, B was used with G in a ratio of NS:NH = 3.0, with an increase from 5 % to 15 %; in ternary mixtures, B was used together with G and V in the same proportions, in a ratio of NS:NH = 1.0. The tests involved immersion in 5 % magnesium sulphate solution for 1, 3 and 6 months. Mass development, compressive strength, visual inspection and microstructural changes were investigated. In general, the binary SCAAMs performed better in magnesium sulphate solution than the ternary SCAAMs, except in the 6th month. Considering the samples with the highest B content, a 100 % loss of compressive strength occurred in the B15G85 sample under the influence of sulphate for 6 months, while a loss of compressive strength of about 15 % occurred in the B15G40V45 sample. The results showed that the increase in B content caused a severe deterioration of the sulphate effect in the samples over time and that the V additive had a positive effect on the sulphate resistance.

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  AtıfScopus26·WoS23·OpenAlex19

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• MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1774
  Sustainable use of boron waste and volcanic scoria in slag-based self-compacting alkali-activated mortars: fresh, mechanical and durability properties

  Yön, Merve Şahin; Yön, Burak; Karataş, Mehmet; Benli, Ahmet

  Sustainable self-compacting alkali-activated concrete (SCAAC) manufacturing is an environmentally friendly concrete that has a reduced carbon footprint than ordinary concrete. Alkali-activated binders have been demonstrated in experiments to reduce concrete's energy consumption and carbon emissions by over 50%. This paper focuses on manufacturing boron waste (BW), volcanic scoria (VS) and ground blast furnace slag (GBFS) incorporated binary and ternary blends of self-compacting alkali-activated mortars (SCAAM). The main objective of this study is to investigate the fresh, mechanical, durability and microstructural properties of SCAAM based on binary and ternary mixtures of BW, VS, and GBFS. SCAAM samples were synthesized at 60 °C and 100 °C for 72 h then exposed to ambient cured at 3, 28 and 90 days. The compressive strength, flexural strength, physical, and sorptivity properties of the SCAAM mixtures, as well as flowability, were investigated. The performance of the produced blends at freeze-thaw exposure were also examined. SEM, and EDS was also used to examine the microstructures of the mixtures. The findings showed that 50% GBFS and 50%VS based SCAAM mixture heat cured at 100oC activated with NS/NH ratio of 3.0 produced a compressive strength of 40 MPa at 90 days. The findings indicated that inclusion of BW to the SCAAM mixtures decreased the compressive strength notably regardless of NS/NH ratio and curing temperature. Inclusion of BW also affected the durability performance negatively.

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  AtıfScopus38·WoS36·OpenAlex35

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