Yildirim, N.C.; Dogan, L.

The dyes used in textile industry production are toxic substances and most of them have polymer structures. These dyes pollute the aquatic environment via various stages such as printing and dyeing, and may cause molecular, cellular, biochemical and physiological disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate effect of a highly toxic azo dye, Remazol Brillant Blue (RBBR) on the biochemical responses of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fishes were exposed to 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l of RBBR for 24 and 48 h. The glutathione S-transferase (GST), cytochrome P-450 (CYP1A1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities of these groups were measured. Present dye altered the activities of all these enzymes in the selected tissue of the experimental fish in a dose-dependent manner. According to the results of this study, after dye exposure, the alteration of selected enzymes indicated deterioration in antioxidant defense system, aerobic respiration processes and biotransformation mechanism induced by the tested dye. It was also shown that GST, CYP1A1 and LDH enzymes may be useful as biomarkers in determining the toxic effects in O. mykiss exposed to the RBBR textile dye.

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Erguven, G. O.; Yildirim, N.

This study is concerning the environmental fate of chlorsulfuron and tribenuron-methyl herbicide in a wheat planted field at Thrace Region in Turkey. Use of herbicides containing these active ingredients is advised in the Marmara region in Turkey for cereal agriculture. The study was conducted in wheat planted fields where these herbicides were used. Over nine months, in each two or three week periods, soil samples were obtained from selected sampling points and herbicide residuals were determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). As a result of these studies, persistence of chlorsulfuron was determined as approximately 1.2% at the second half of June, 2016 and tribenuron methyl seemed to be approximately 1% at the end of May, 2016. The results of the present study showed that chlorsulfuron is generally adsorbed weakly by soil when compared to tribenuron-methyl. pH, organic material, climatic factors and clay content of soil were the main factors influencing the adsorption and desorption properties of the herbicides. The results of this study demonstrated that chlorsulfuron and tribenuron-methyl residues in the soil might depend on their different chemical structures, soil temperature, precipitation and humidity.

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