Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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Araştırmacılar(1)

• Aglar, Erdal

• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1493
  Effects of putrescine and MAP on quality, phenolics, and organic acids in strawberry tree fruits

  Gundogdu, Muttalip; Yücel, Gül; Çolak, Ayşen Melda; Aglar, Erdal

  Background: Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) fruits are rich in bioactive compounds but are highly perishable due to their high respiration rate and soft tissue structure, leading to rapid post-harvest quality losses. Therefore, developing sustainable strategies to maintain quality and extend shelf life is of great importance. Methods: In this study, the individual and combined effects of putrescine (1 mM) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the post-harvest quality and biochemical properties of strawberry tree fruits were investigated. Fruits harvested at full maturity were stored at 4 ± 1 °C and 90 ± 5% relative humidity for 15 days, and key quality parameters including weight loss, decay rate, respiration rate, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, vitamin C, organic acids, and phenolic compounds were periodically analyzed. Additionally, correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to evaluate the relationships among variables. Results: Storage duration significantly increased weight loss and decay rate, while decreasing organic acids, vitamin C, and phenolic compounds (p ≤ 0.001). At the end of storage, weight loss reached 2.97% in control fruits, whereas it decreased to 1.14% in the Put + MAP treatment, representing a reduction of approximately 61.6%. Similarly, decay rate decreased from 6.55% (control) to 3.34% (Put + MAP). Respiration rate was also significantly suppressed, with the lowest values observed in the combined treatment. Furthermore, malic acid (1.38 vs. 0.80 g/100 g) and vitamin C (36.90 vs. 28.37 mg/100 g) were better preserved in Put + MAP-treated fruits compared to control at day 15. PCA results confirmed that Put + MAP treatment maintained the most balanced profile between quality attributes and biochemical stability. Conclusion: The combined application of putrescine and MAP exhibited a strong synergistic effect by simultaneously reducing respiration, limiting water loss and decay, and preserving bioactive compounds. This study demonstrates that integrating a natural bioregulator (putrescine) with an environmentally friendly packaging system (MAP) represents an innovative and practical approach for extending the shelf life and maintaining the nutritional quality of strawberry tree fruits. This strategy also has high potential for application in other highly perishable soft fruits.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1471
  Regulation of Quality and Phenolic Metabolism in Apricot Fruit by Postharvest Salicylic Acid and Putrescine Applications

  Sakaldaş, Mustafa; Şen, Fatih; Gundogdu, Muttalip; Aglar, Erdal

  Apricots are a highly sensitive product that suffers rapid quality losses due to physiological and biochemical processes such as increased respiration, ethylene production, cell wall breakdown, and changes in phenolic compounds that occur in the post-harvest period, and this significantly shortens their shelf life. This study evaluated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and putrescine (Put) applications on post-harvest quality characteristics, organic acid metabolism, and phenolic compound stability in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) fruits. Fruits harvested at commercial maturity were treated with four different applications: control, SA (1 mM), Put (1 mM), and a combination of SA and Put. In this study, the physiological quality parameters such as weight loss, decay rate, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, and respiration rate were measured, and biochemical analyses of organic acids and individual phenolic compounds were performed. With increasing storage time, weight loss, decay rate, and pH values increased in all treatment groups, whereas significant decreases occurred in organic acids, ascorbic acid, and total phenolic compounds. However, it was determined that SA and Put applications significantly slowed down these negative changes. In particular, the SA + Put combination improved storage stability by providing the lowest weight loss and decay rate thanks to the preservation of cell membrane stability and the limitation of transpiration. Phenolic compound analyses showed that phenolic degradation is the natural process during storage, but SA and Put applications significantly slowed this process. In particular, it was determined that the combination application contributed to the preservation of antioxidant phenols by supporting phenylpropanoid metabolism, and that the highest level of phenolic stability was achieved in this group. PCA results revealed that quality degradation parameters were positively correlated with respiration rate and weight loss, whereas phenolic compounds, organic acids, and ascorbic acid showed strong positive correlations with quality preservation. Correlation analysis also supported these findings, confirming that antioxidant compounds play a decisive role in storage performance. In conclusion, it was determined that the combined application of SA and Put reduces oxidative stress, regulates metabolic activity, stabilizes phenolic metabolism, and significantly delays post-harvest quality losses in apricot fruit. This approach was found to offer an effective, feasible, and sustainable post-harvest strategy for extending shelf life and preserving nutritional quality components.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1137
  Enhancement of chlorogenic acid application on the quality, biochemical properties, and cold storage stability of sweet cherry fruit

  Gundogdu, Muttalip; Sen, Fatih; Aglar, Erdal; Kılıncer, Mustafa

  This study investigated the effects of chlorogenic acid (ChlA) applications on postharvest quality characteristics and biochemical components of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L. cv. ‘0900 Ziraat’) fruit. Fruits were treated with control, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM ChlA and stored at 4 ± 0.5 °C for 21 days. Storage significantly increased weight loss and decay rate while reducing respiration rate and biochemical quality. At the end of storage, the 1.5 mM ChlA treatment reduced weight loss from 8.32% in the control to 5.20% and decreased decay rate from 9.16% to 4.50%. ChlA applications also slowed changes in soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and pH, contributing to a more stable chemical composition. The highest vitamin C content at the end of storage was recorded in the 1.5 mM ChlA treatment (11.71 mg 100 g⁻¹), compared with 9.97 mg 100 g⁻¹ in the control. Similarly, chlorogenic acid significantly delayed losses of organic acids and phenolic compounds; for example, quercetin content was maintained at 6.80 mg 100 g⁻¹ in 1.5 mM ChlA-treated fruit compared with 3.78 mg 100 g⁻¹ in the control after 21 days of storage. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis revealed strong relationships among quality attributes and biochemical compounds and demonstrated the positive role of ChlA in preserving overall fruit quality. Overall, chlorogenic acid, particularly at 1.5 mM, effectively reduced postharvest quality losses and enhanced biochemical stability during cold storage.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/1079
  Oxalic Acid–MAP Synergy in Maintaining Postharvest Grape Quality and Biochemical Content

  Küçüker, Emine; Ağlar, Erdal; Sümbül, Ahmet; Demir, Selda; Özcengiz, Ceyda Kizgin; Güzel, Sedat

  This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oxalic acid (OA) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) applications, both alone and in combination, on the preservation of postharvest quality characteristics of grapes. All samples were stored at 4 ± 1 °C and approximately 80–85% relative humidity for 28 days. The OA + MAP treatment most effectively limited weight loss (10.49%), soluble solids content (SSC; 20.62°Bx), and decay rate (1.78%), while providing the best preservation of total phenolic content (68.25% change), antioxidant activity (53.19% change), and individual phenolic compounds at the end of the storage period. A decrease in color parameters, including L* and a* values, was observed, with OA treatment particularly prominent in preserving the red color. Principal component analysis and hierarchical heatmap analysis confirmed distinct clustering of treatments from the control, highlighting the process efficiency of packaging-based interventions. The combination of OA and MAP treatments was more effective than either treatment alone in reducing quality losses in grapes during storage. Therefore, the widespread use of OA + MAP in commercial storage and marketing processes is recommended.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1048
  Biochemical and Nutritional Profiling of Pistachio Genotypes Grafted Onto Pistacia khinjuk Rootstocks

  Aglar, Erdal; Ozturk, Burhan; Uyak, Cuneyt; Dogan, Adnan; Tekin, Onur; Durmaz, Orhan; Alan, Davut; Ates, Umut

  In the 2023 study, conducted in the Hizan District of Bitlis, aimed at determining the biochemical properties of pistachio trees grafted onto Pistacia khinjuk rootstocks, we identified 11 genotypes. Approximately 500 g of fruit were harvested from each genotype when the green fruit peel color started turning red, for use in the analyses. The various parameters were measured in the harvested fruits, including fruit size, yield, percentage of empty fruits, number of fruits per 100 g, splitting rate, moisture, ash, protein, fat, and mineral content. The fruit analyses revealed significant differences among the genotypes. The largest fruits were found in the G5 genotype, while the smallest were in the G9 genotype. Regarding yield, the highest ratio was observed in the G6 genotype with 46.63%, while the lowest was in the G10 genotype with 13.44%. The splitting rate, which varied by genotype, ranged between 0.97% and 41.88%. No statistical differences were observed in moisture and ash content among the genotypes, but protein content ranged from 18.01% to 28.49%, with the highest protein percentage recorded in the G9 genotype at 28.49%. Nutrient element analysis identified nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K) in the fruits. K emerged as the most abundant nutrient element across genotypes, followed by CA, magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na). The G3 genotype exhibited the highest levels of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese. In the fatty acid analyses, 9-octadecenoic acid was found to be the most abundant fatty acid, ranging between 40.5% and 66.7% across genotypes. Additionally, other fatty acids such as hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, and eicosanoic acid were also detected. These results indicated significant differences in the fatty acid content of the genotypes. As a result the pistachio genotypes examined in this study showed notable differences in terms of fruit yield, quality characteristics, and nutritional values. Particularly, G6 and G9 genotypes stood out with high yield and superior fruit qualities.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/872
  Pomological and Biochemical Properties of Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) Genotypes

  Ertugrul, Edanur; Aglar, Erdal; Ozturk, Burhan; Tekin, Onur; Alan, Davut; Ates, Umut

  Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) is an important wild fruit species valued for its high nutritional and functional properties, particularly its richness in vitamin C, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. Despite the widespread natural distribution of rosehip in Türkiye, many local genetic resources remain insufficiently characterized, limiting their effective utilization in breeding, conservation, and cultivation programs. The present study was conducted to evaluate the morphological, pomological, and biochemical characteristics of naturally growing rosehip genotypes in the Central District of Tunceli and to identify superior genotypes with potential for future breeding and cultivation efforts. Ten rosehip genotypes collected from natural populations at altitudes ranging from 1178 to 1256 m were evaluated for fruit and seed characteristics, fruit color, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, vitamin C, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, antioxidant activity, and organic acid composition. Significant differences were observed among genotypes for all examined traits. Fruit weight ranged from 1.00 to 1.81 g, soluble solids content from 45.40% to 51.90%, titratable acidity from 1.03% to 2.77%, and vitamin C content from 235.67 to 1126.30 mg/100 g. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total monomeric anthocyanin content, FRAP, and DPPH antioxidant activity values also varied significantly among genotypes. Organic acid analysis revealed considerable variation, particularly in citric and malic acid contents. Principal component analysis explained 92.4% of the total variation and grouped the genotypes into two major clusters. Based on the overall evaluation, genotypes TK2, TK5, TK9, and TK10 exhibited superior performance for several desirable traits. The results demonstrate the substantial genetic diversity present in the natural rosehip populations of Tunceli and highlight their potential value for germplasm conservation, selection breeding, and sustainable cultivation programs.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/754
  Impact of Postharvest Oxalic Acid Treatments on Quality Properties and Biochemical Composition of Medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) Fruit

  Çolak, Ayşen Melda; Gündoğdu, Özlem; Aglar, Erdal; Sezgin, Nevzat; Orman, Erdal; Gundogdu, Muttalip

  This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oxalic acid (OA) applications at different concentrations on the quality traits and biochemical components of medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) fruit. Fruits harvested in Bolu province in 2024 were subjected to control (0) and 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM OA applications and stored at 4°C and 90% ± 5% relative humidity for 45 days. Samples were taken from the fruits at certain intervals (0, 15, 30, and 45 days) and analyzed. Specifically, 1.0 and 1.5 mM OA applications significantly reduced fruit weight loss and decay rates. OA also inhibited increases in fruit respiration rate and pH and slowed the decline in total acidity, soluble solids content (SSC), vitamin C, phenolic compounds, and organic acids. Malic, citric, succinic, tartaric, and fumaric acids, vitamin C, and important phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, catechin) were protected by OA applications, and this protection was most pronounced at 1.5 mM OA dose. The correlation analyses revealed significant relationships between quality parameters and biochemical contents. The weight loss and decay rate were negatively correlated with bioactive compounds such as gallic acid and ascorbic acid, indicating that quality deterioration progressed in parallel with the decrease in nutrient content. A strong positive correlation was found between titratable acidity and malic and citric acids. In principal component analysis (PCA), malic and citric acids were prominent in the early storage period, while weight loss, decay, and increased respiration became dominant in the late storage period. Phenolic compounds decreased significantly with storage time, and antioxidant capacity decreased. Heat map analysis visually supported the increase in spoilage parameters with the decrease in ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds. OA applications maintained the quality of medlar fruit and increased biochemical stability, extending postharvest life. 1.5 mM OA, in particular, stands out as an effective postharvest preservation method. These results demonstrate that OA offers significant potential for increasing the commercial value of perishable fruits like medlar and for developing preservation technologies.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/736
  Exogenous methyl jasmonate delays quality loss and maintains bioactive compounds in quince during long-term storage

  Hanci, Mehmet Utku; Ozturk, Ahmet; Aglar, Erdal; Olcer, Mehmet Ali; Ozturk, Burhan

  Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) is a climacteric fruit species that, despite its high nutritional value and rich phenolic composition, is prone to quality changes during postharvest handling. However, under appropriate storage conditions it can be maintained at acceptable quality for several months. This study aimed to assess the effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments on quality attributes, and phenolic metabolism of quince fruit during cold storage. Fruits were treated with 0 (control), 0.5, and 1.0 mM MeJA and stored at 0 ± 1 °C with 90 ± 5% relative humidity for 120 days. Analyses were conducted at 30-day intervals, including physiological, phytochemical, and antioxidant activity, as well as individual phenolic compounds. During cold storage, fruits treated with 1.0 mM methyl jasmonate (MeJA) exhibited lower weight loss and respiration rate. Higher fruit firmness was also observed in MeJA-treated fruits. At the end of storage, MeJA-treated fruits showed higher vitamin C content and titratable acidity, but lower soluble solids content than the control fruits. Similarly, at 60 and 90 days of storage, fruits treated with 1.0 mM MeJA were found to contain higher levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Among the phenolic acids identified in quince fruit, chlorogenic acid and 4-aminobenzoic acid were present at higher concentrations compared to the other phenolic compounds. At the end of the storage, MeJA-treated fruits generally exhibited a slower decline in phenolic acids compared to the control, indicating a protective effect of the treatment on phenolic stability. As a result, methyl jasmonate applications were identified as an effective strategy for reducing post-harvest quality losses and preserving bioactive compounds in quince fruit. Specifically, the 1.0 mM MeJA application showed the strongest protective effect on quality parameters. These findings indicate that MeJA is a commercially viable method for extending shelf life and preserving quality in quince fruit.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/634
  Natural propolis-based coatings as an effective strategy to control microbial growth and quality losses of kiwifruit during cold storage

  Ozturk, Burhan; Gun, Sefa; Erturk, Omer; Aglar, Erdal; Yıldız, Kenan; Ozturk, Ahmet

  Background: this study investigated the effects of ethanol-extracted propolis applications on the quality characteristics, microbial growth, and microstructural changes of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) during cold storage. Four different application groups were created: control, 70% ethanol application (ETH), 3% propolis coating (PRO1), and 6% propolis coating (PRO2). After dip coating, the fruits were stored for 150 days at 0 ± 0.5 °C and 90 ± 5% relative humidity, and analyses were performed on days 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150. During storage, weight loss, respiration rate, fruit firmness, color, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C, total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assays), individual phenolic compounds, and microbial growth were determined in fruit samples. In addition, microstructural changes on the fruit surface were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the elemental surface composition was determined using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results: propolis coating applications maintained the quality characteristics of kiwifruit during storage. In particular, PRO1 and PRO2 reduced weight loss and respiration rate, better preserved fruit firmness, and maintained more stable color parameters. Propolis coatings also contributed to the preservation of ascorbic acid, total phenolic compounds, and total flavonoids, ensuring that antioxidant activity remained at higher levels throughout the storage period. Microbiological analyses showed that propolis coatings markedly reduced total bacterial counts on the kiwifruit surface, indicating their potential to limit microbial contamination during cold storage. SEM images showed that propolis coatings formed a homogeneous film layer on the fruit surface and limited microbial colonization by sealing surface pores. EDX analyses showed treatment-dependent changes in the surface elemental composition of kiwifruit peel, whereas SEM observations confirmed the formation of a continuous propolis-derived surface layer. Conclusions: overall, ethanol-extracted propolis coatings reduced total bacterial counts and quality losses in kiwifruit during cold storage and may serve as an effective natural preservative for extending cold-storage life. This journal is

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/617
  Pomological and Biochemical Characterization of Autochthonous Grape Varieties Grown in Türkiye

  Karasu, Yakup; Dogan, Adnan; Aykut, Semih; Ozturk, Burhan; Aglar, Erdal

  Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an important fruit crop with considerable morphological and biochemical diversity, and autochthonous genotypes represent valuable genetic resources for breeding and conservation programs. Many local varieties remain underexplored in terms of pomological and antioxidant traits. Eighteen indigenous grape genotypes collected from Muş province (Eastern Anatolia, Türkiye) were evaluated using morphological and biochemical parameters, including berry traits, phenolic composition, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity. Multivariate analyses including PCA, HCA, and Pearson correlation were performed to classify genotypes and determine trait relationships. The first two PCA components explained 51.9% of the total variation. Antioxidant-related traits mainly contributed to PC1, whereas berry size and anthocyanin content influenced PC2. HCA grouped the genotypes into distinct clusters according to antioxidant capacity and pomological characteristics. Correlation analysis showed significant positive relationships among antioxidant-related parameters. Berry size traits were positively correlated with each other, but negatively associated with seed number and skin thickness. The combined use of pomological, biochemical, and multivariate analyses proved useful for genotype classification. The identification of antioxidant-rich genotypes may support future breeding and conservation studies. The results highlight the importance of indigenous grape germplasm for sustainable viticulture.

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