Obtaining Natural Dye from Oak Tree and Examination of Dyeing Properties According to Different Methods

This study investigates the dyeing performance of a natural dye extracted from the branches and leaves of the oak tree (soredar) on muslin fabric. The plant materials were soaked in water for 24 h and subsequently boiled to obtain the dye extract. Dyeing experiments were conducted using conventional dyeing methods with and without mordanting. Copper sulphate, iron sulphate, and potassium dichromate were used as mordants to evaluate their influence on the dyeing behavior of the fabric. The color properties of the dyed samples were determined using spectrophotometric measurements based on the CIELab color system, and color strength (K/S) values were calculated using the Kubelka–Munk equation. In addition, the durability of the dyed fabrics was assessed through washing, rubbing, and light fastness tests according to relevant ISO standards. The results revealed that the type of mordant significantly affected both color strength and fastness performance. Among the tested mordants, copper sulphate produced the highest color strength, while iron sulphate also improved dye uptake compared with the non-mordanted sample. Overall, the findings demonstrate that oak-derived natural dye can be effectively applied to muslin fabric and that mordanting plays a crucial role in enhancing the color depth and durability of natural dyeing processes.