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- MakaleAçık Erişim2021The Relationship of the Hot and Mineral Springs in Munzur and Pülümür Valleys (Tunceli) with the Tectonic Structures of the Region and their Hydrogeochemical Properties
Sançar, Taylan; Önal, Ayten Öztüfekçi
The N-S flowing Munzur and Pülümür Rivers, which have the largest drainage areas in Tunceli Province, merge in the city center, and continue as a single river towards the south. In the southern area, there are smaller drainage areas such as Dinar and Rabat. In this study, the hydrogeochemical properties of the hot and mineral springs located in the mentioned drainage areas and the relationship of these springs with the faults in the region were investigated. The most important structural element controlling the reaching of hot and mineral springs to the surface is the primary and secondary deformation structures of the right lateral strike-slip Nazımiye Fault Zone. PermoCarboniferous aged impermeable schists form the basement rocks in the area hydrogeologically. Permian aged marble and crystallized limestones are the reservoir rocks of the hot and mineral waters which are outcropped in the drainage areas of Munzur and Pülümür Rivers. The presence of Eocene-Miocene aged semi-permeable flysch and permeable limestones cover rocks in this recharge area of the reservoir rocks indicates that the system is open. The pH and electrical conductivity of the hot and mineral waters in the system change between 5.96-6.80 and 2231-2930 μS/cm, respectively. Temperature of these waters varies between 35 to 20°C when they reach up to the surface. The total amount of dissolved solids ranges from 1300 to 1600 mg /L. The most abundant cation present in the waters is Ca+2; the most abundant anion is HCO3-. The Na-K-Mg geothermometer results of the hot and mineral waters correspond to the immature waters where the water-rock relationship is not an equilibrium. The pH and electrical conductivity of the cold waters are between 6.66 to 7.28 and 471 to 891 μS/cm, respectively. All waters examined here are of the Ca-Mg HCO3 type
AtıfOpenAlex3
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ1Geodynamic importance of the strike-slip faults at the eastern part of the Anatolian Scholle: Inferences from the uplift and slip rate of the Malatya Fault (Malatya-Ovacık Fault Zone, eastern Turkey)
Sançar, Taylan; Zabcı, Cengiz; Akçar, Naki; Karabacak, Volkan; Yeşilyurt, Serdar; Yazıcı, Müge; Serdar Akyüz, H.; Önal, Ayten Öztüfekçi; Ivy-Ochs, Susan; Christl, Marcus
Controversy remains over when present-day configuration of the Anatolia boundary faults came into existence, and the issue of what are the driving forces of the Anatolian westward motion. The NW-striking dextral and NE-striking sinistral second-order strike-slip faults at the eastern part of the Anatolian Scholle play a crucial role within these long-lasting discussions, and the NE-striking sinistral Malatya–Ovacık Fault Zone (MOFZ) is particularly important in this ongoing debate. Although the MOFZ is defined as one of the intra-plate structures, it has been proposed that it was an inter-plate fault between the Anatolia and Arabian plates from the latest Miocene to mid-Pliocene and that it has been inactive during the last ca. 3.5 Ma. This study provides results from the first morphochronology-based uplift and slip rate estimates on the Malatya Fault within the southern section of the MOFZ. The cosmogenic isochron burial and cosmogenic depth burial of ages from the sinistrally offset Tohma River remnant terraces enabled us to calculate 1.0 ± 0.01 and 1.12 ± 0.01 mm/yr minimum and maximum horizontal slip rates, respectively, for the last 1.4 ± 0.1 Ma. Furthermore, we conclude that the 96 ± 11 m/Ma mean uplift has been driven by the Malatya Fault. Integrated interpretation of the findings of this study and available data on both the MOFZ and other strike-slip faults at the eastern part of the Anatolian Scholle support the hypothesis that they are plate-boundary related active deformation belts that originated from paleotectonic structures during the tectonic escape of the Anatolian Scholle.
AtıfScopus20OpenAlex20
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Hydrogeochemical Properties of Hot and Cold Waters in Tunceli-Pertek Geothermal Area
Önal, Ayten Öztüfekçi; Akkuş, Aysun
The Pertek geothermal area is located near the Singec valley to the southwest of Tunceli and this field has not been previously studied in terms of hydrogeology and geothermal. The dominant rock type in the area is the Permian-Triassic aged Keban Metamorphites which are be limestone and marble. The younger magmatic and sedimentary units (Upper Cretaceous-Pertek Magmatites, Middle Eocene-Upper Oligocene-Kırkgeçit Formation, Upper Miocene-Pliocene-Karabakır Formation and Quaternary-alluvium) have contact with these metamorphics. In addition to the tectonic activity of the region, the dominant lithology of Keban metamorphites (limestone and marble), intra-unit thrust faults and normal faults, shear fractures and cracks increased the porosity and permeability of Keban metamorphics. Therefore, the most important aquifer in the region is the Keban metamorphites and these metamorphites are also the reservoir rock of the hot water in the Pertek geothermal area. The area of feeding of the groundwater in the reservoir rock is located in the north of the Singec valley and the discharge area is in the south of this valley. The feeding field of this reservoir rock is to the north of the Singec valley and the discharge area to the south of this valley. The Pertek geothermal system is an open system, since only limited areas contain semi-permeable sedimentary (Kırkgeçit Formation) and volcanic cover rocks (Karabakır Formation) in the main feeding field. The pH and electrical conductivity of the thermal waters in the system are between 6,18-7,55 and 816-2330 μS / cm respectively. The surface temperatures range from 25.5 to 38.2 ºC. The pH and electrical conductivity values of cold water are between 7.52-8.31 and 402-472 μS / cm respectively. The most common cation in both hot and cold waters is Ca 2+ and the anion is HCO3-. According to IAH (1979) water classification method, hot and cold water, cold mineral water and stream water are of Ca-Mg-HCO3 type, and the lake waters of Keban dam are Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4 type. Cold spring water is drinkable, but in hot and cold mineral waters the concentration of elements such as Ca, Mg, K, Mn, As and B is above the drinking water standards. The hot waters are generally saturated with calcite, aragonite, chalcedony, quartz and dolomite minerals. Reservoir temperatures are between 74-105°C according to silica and cation geothermometer calculations. According to the enthalpy-silica mixture model, the reservoir temperature is between 80-225 °C and the ratio of cold water mixture to hot water is between 60-88%. According to the isotope analysis, the cold waters in the Pertek geothermal area are shallow, the hot waters are deeply circulated, meteoric origin and respectively modern and sub-modern waters.
AtıfOpenAlex1TR Dizin2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ2Geochemistry of the post-collisional Miocene mafic Tunceli Volcanics, Eastern Turkey: Implications for the nature of the mantle source and melting systematics
Aktağ, Alican; Önal, Ayten Öztüfekçi; Sayit, Kaan
The East Anatolian Accretionary Complex (EAAC) comprises an ideal example of post-collisional volcanism within the Africa-Eurasia collision zone. The Miocene mafic Tunceli Volcanics, as a part of this post-collisional volcanic system, are located in the western termination of EAAC. The mafic Tunceli Volcanics are characterized by mildly alkaline and tholeiitic basalts, in which olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase characterize the main mineralogy. The role of fractional crystallization (FC) and assimilation combined with fractional crystallization (AFC) processes appear to be negligible in the petrogenesis of the primitive mafic Tunceli Volcanics. Relative enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE), Th and La over high field strength elements (HFSE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE) suggest contribution from a metasomatized mantle source. The wide range of ratios displayed by these elements also calls for some asthenospheric input for the genesis of these volcanics. The metasomatizing agents can be attributed to a past subduction event, probably during the closure of Neotethys. Considering also the geophysical constraints, which limits the lithospheric thickness to about 70–75 km around the region, a melt mixing between lithospheric and asthenospheric melts generated at different depths appear to be an important process in the petrogenesis of these lavas. The combined geochemical and geophysical data, therefore, necessitate a geodynamic model with some remnant lithospheric mantle underlying the Eastern Anatolian region.
AtıfScopus10WoS11OpenAlex13İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ1Doğu Anadolu’daki Geç Miyosen volkanizmasının örneklerinden biri olan Yamadağ Volkanitleri Malatya ili
GuRBuZ, Meltem; Önal, Ayten Öztüfekçi; Basıbüyük, Zeynel; Akbudak, Ilkay Kaydu; İşler, Fikret
Yamadağ Volcanics which is one of the examples of the Late Miocene volcanism in Eastern Anatolia covers largeareas within the boundaries of Arguvan county of Malatya. The gemstones, subject of this research range from afew centimeters to about 30-40 cm in size and are formed in the cavities of the basalts beonging to Yamadağvolcanics. These gemstones seem to have formed as veins extending in east-west direction and consist of opal (opal-CT) and chrysocolla. Opal formations have various colours such as white, brown, yellow and greenish, while chrysocolla formations are bluish-greenish in color. both opal and chrysocolla are of massive type and their freshsurfaces display waxy luster. Mineral paragenesis and formation conditions of gemstones and are determined byapplying XRD, SEM, FT-IR techniques. ICP-MS technique is used for the determination of the geochemicalcompositions. The gemological characteristics are identified via cabochon and facet cut techniques by usingdiamond coating blade, sintered diamond abrasive discs and polishing machine. Opals are usually composed oftridymite minerals, also in some cases quartz and cristobalite minerals accompany the tridymite minerals. The EDXmeasurements reveal, enrichment of Fe and Al in opals, and of Cu in chrysocolla. The ICP-MS measurements, in chrysocollas reveal, enrichments in LIL elements such as Ba, Sr and in HFS elements such as U. Consequently,gemological studies show that the chrysocolla and opals in study area, which have waxy luster and massivestructure, are suitable for utilization as a gemstone due to its color, hardness, durability, homogeneous distributionof color and processability
AtıfTR Dizin1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ2Preliminary geochemical data of the mafic rocks from the ovacik and Pülümür ophiolite zone (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey): Implications for the geodynamic evolution of the northern neotethyan ocean
Çimen, Okay; Önal, Ayten Öztüfekçi
The İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan-Sevan-Akera Suture Belt (IAESASB) stretches from the Aegean Sea to the Lesser Caucasus and includes the remnants of the Northern Neotethys. The Ovacık and Pülümür Ophiolite Zone (OPOZ) to the north of Tunceli is less-known members of this belt. In this study, preliminary geochemical data from the basaltic and gabbroic rocks from this zone are presented to provide the first insights into their geochemistry. The studied mafic samples exhibit geochemical characteristics of an intra-oceanic subduction system. Three types of samples were differentiated on the basis of their major, trace and rare earth element (REE) geochemistry. The first one is boninitic and displays highly depleted elemental pattern (relative to N-MORB) and concave REE profile. The second type is akin to back-arc basin basalts (BABB) and generally reflects normal-MORB (NMORB)-like high field strength element (HFSE) patterns coupled with negative Nb anomalies. The last type is relatively similar to the BABB-type, but it lacks the marked negative anomaly in Nb and can be ascribed to the mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). The overall geochemical features suggest that these mafic rocks were predominantly generated in a supra-subduction setting from a subduction-modified mantle source. It is further suggested that the Ovacık and Pülümür Ophiolite Zone was formed in an oceanic arc-basin system within the northward subducting Northern Neotethys.
AtıfScopus7İncele - Proje2017Malatya Fayı (Malatya-Ovacık Fay Zonu)'nın Jeolojik KaymaHızının ve Eski Deprem Tarihçesinin Araştırılması
Karabacak, Volkan; Akçar, Naki; Akyüz, Hüsnü Serdar; Önal, Ayten Öztüfekçi; Zabci, Cengiz; Sançar, Taylan
Avrasya Levhası?na göre, Afrika ve Arabistan Levhaları?nın kuzeye ve Anadolu Bloku?nun batıya doğru olan hareketi Doğu Akdeniz?in karmaşık tektonik yapısının anlaşılmasında anahtar role sahiptir. Anadolu?nun batıya kaçışında ana deformasyon zonları Kuzey ve Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonları (KAFZ ve DAFZ) ile bu sırada Anadolu içerisinde meydana gelen önemli kıta içi deformasyonlar ise KB doğrultulu sağ yanal ve KD doğrultulu sol yanal doğrultu atımlı faylar ile temsil edilir. Daha önceden ileri sürülen hipotezlerin aksine, yakın zamandaki jeolojik, jeodezik çalışmalar ve mikro sismik aktivite Anadolu Bloku içerisindeki deformasyon sürecinin sürekli olduğuna işaret etmektedirler. 240 km uzunluğundaki Malatya Ovacık Fay Zonu (MOFZ), Anadolu Bloku içerisindeki KD doğrultulu sol yanal deformasyon kuşaklarından biridir. Önceki hipotezler MOFZ?nin sürekli bir deformasyon zonu olmadığını ve 3 milyon yıldan bu yana aktivitesini yitirdiğini ileri sürsede, fay üzerinde yapılan jeolojik, jeodezik çalışmalar ve mikro sismik aktivite bu görüşün aksini destekler. Bununla beraber, MOFZ?nin güncel deformasyon özellikleri hakkında az sayıda veri bulunurken paleosismik tarihçesi hakkında veri bulunmaz. TÜBİTAK 114Y580 numaralı proje kapsamında, Malatya Fayı (MF)?nın (a) morfokronoloji temelli kayma hızı, (b) paleosismik tarihçesi ve (c) uzun dönemli kayma hızı üzerine yoğunlaşılmıştır. Kozmojenik 36Cl, 26Al ve 10Be izotopları ile 1.700 m ötelenmiş Tohma Deresi taraçalarının yaşlandırılması, MF?nin son 1,4 milyon yıllık dönemi için ortalama 1,21 mm/yıl kayma hızına ve bölge için 92 ±11 metre/milyon yıl yükselim hızına işaret etmektedir. Kayma hızı değerinin elde edildiği segmentin kuzeyinde yapılan paleosismoloji çalışmalarının ortaya çıkardığı 2275±606 yıllık deprem tekrarlanma aralığı, GPS verilerine göre daha düşük olan kayma hızı değerini desteklemektedir. Malatya Fayı?nın kuzeyinde ölçülen ve en fazla birikimli atım değeri olan 7,3 km, son 1,4 milyon yıllık kayma hızı değerini yansıtan 1,21 mm/yıl ile oranlandığında MF?nin yaşı yaklaşık olarak altı milyon yıl olarak hesaplanır. Ancak morfometrik indis çalışmalarına göre, daha fazla deformasyon olan fayın kuzeyinde, kayma hızının da fazla olduğu düşünüldüğünde hesaplanan bu yaş MF için en yaşlı tarihtir.