Aydin, Yilmaz; Garipcan, Ali Murat; Özkaynak, Fatih

In this study, a novel robust design methodology that successfully meets the performance and security criteria for substitution-boxes (s-boxes), critical component in block cipher systems, is proposed. Unlike traditional methods providing low-level randomness, the proposed method utilizes physical true randomness as the entropy source, significantly improving the robustness and effectiveness of the s-box design. Phase noise (jitter) occurring on ring oscillators (ROs) is used for true randomness inputs with high security and unpredictability properties in the proposed method. The success of the proposed method is evaluated by considering key performance metrics of s-boxes such as bijectivity, strict avalanche criterion (SAC), bit independence criterion (BIC), nonlinearity (NL), and differential probability (DP). In the novel method, including the integration of the secure hashing algorithm (SHA)-256 hash function for cryptographic usage adequacy of the noise signal, 106.75 NL, 0.4995 SAC, and 105.7 average BIC-NL values can be obtained for s-boxes without any additional optimization process. Considering the low DP value, the analysis results confirm that the s-boxes produced by the proposed method can provide remarkable resistance against linear and differential cryptanalysis scenarios. Numerical findings also show that the proposed s-boxes are competitive and superior compared to other s-box designs in the literature. In conclusion, we believe that the methodology producing robust and reliable s-box solutions for block cipher systems contains important contributions inspiring future research regarding design principles.

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Aydin, Yilmaz; Garipcan, Ali Murat; Özkaynak, Fatih

In the original publication, Table 1 was published with wrong values. The corrected table is given below. This has been updated in the original article. (Table presented.) 8 × 8 s-box component obtained through the proposed scheme 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 0 7 16 40 37 222 29 204 225 65 81 156 199 63 42 44 197 1 158 2 11 117 30 134 106 209 24 78 152 141 215 251 160 36 2 249 6 228 75 233 198 132 203 147 100 176 97 214 43 239 59 3 146 47 200 49 79 195 188 201 184 85 218 151 213 154 76 253 4 17 196 26 120 105 130 45 115 186 4 224 145 118 252 138 208 5 255 10 5 129 236 91 21 162 216 109 72 27 243 207 89 13 6 124 86 206 179 192 172 235 68 28 230 74 54 99 80 139 143 7 182 234 108 149 94 168 177 3 64 250 46 41 9 191 232 136 8 84 210 88 205 23 15 95 56 50 83 107 190 98 242 103 19 9 60 169 101 181 114 174 69 82 119 112 247 244 128 51 96 1 A 123 90 150 93 32 159 57 237 170 52 231 202 125 217 155 73 B 189 31 66 14 194 62 227 104 140 165 153 131 20 12 211 245 C 111 102 183 142 137 113 187 254 133 77 116 122 161 110 38 173 D 39 18 87 148 175 121 35 193 70 229 92 55 166 219 163 171 E 185 8 126 135 127 223 240 58 53 22 248 246 167 67 48 212 F 241 144 221 178 220 34 71 0 61 164 180 157 226 238 25 33

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