Gulec, A. Kucukgul; Kucukgul, A.; Danabas, D.; Ural, M.; Seker, E.; Arslan, A.; Serdar, O.

The fish (84 +/- 1.02 g mean +/- SEM) were divided into 3 groups (N=15 in each group) as control (CNT), infected with Yersinia ruckeri (INF), and infected and essential oils (+EO). The CNT and INF groups were fed only with commercial fish feed. The +EO group was fed with feeds prepared with the rate of 10 ml herbal essential oils (mixed thyme and fennel) / 100 g feed during 21 days. The liver tissue (0.4 g) of fish was dissected in third day of the experimental period and mRNA transcription levels in liver tissue were determined by Real Time PCR analysis. INF and +EO groups exhibited decreased immunity against the challenging with Y. ruckeri infection (53.57 and 42.85 % mortality, respectively) when compared with CNT group (93.33 %). Gene mRNA transcription levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), inducible nitric oxide synthesis (iNOS), serum amyloid A (SAA), that are responsible during the initiation and continuation of the inflammation increased in 1.86, 2.46, 1.62 and 55.7 fold change, respectively in INF group, whereas mRNA expressions of haptoglobin (Hp) decreased (1.2-fold change) in 3th day of experimental period. The +EO group eliminated the increase in all of the gene expressions.

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Gulec, A. K.; Yildirim, N. C.; Danabas, D.; Yildirim, N.

Haematological parameters are indicators of the response of the animal to the environment and used as reliable indicators of fish health status to detect physiological changes following different stress conditions. This study was carried out to evaluate some haematological and biochemical parameters of Cyprinus carpio caught in Munzur River, Tunceli, Turkey. The values of total red blood cell count (RBC), haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cellular haemoglobin content (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), platelet distribution width (PDW) were measured. Levels of amylase, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), cholesterol (CHOL), albumin (ALB), total protein (T-PROT), direct bilirubin (D-BIL), total bilirubin (T-BIL), gamma glutamyle tranferas (GGT), urea, creatinine, glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TRIG), uric acid (Uric-A), sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron, chlorine were determined as 1.02 10(12)/L, 17.90 %, 11.72 g/L, 198.00 fL, 166.82 pg, 89.50 g/dL, 112.80 10(9)/L, 8.06 fL, 0.055 %, 17.59 fL, 87.20 U/L, 220.24 mg/dL, 767.40 mg/dL, 1.60 g/dL, 4.68 g/dL, 1.83 mg/dL, 3.046 mg/dL, 12.00 U/L, 9.20 mg/dL, 0.72 mg/dL. 504.40 mg/dL, 381.00 mg/dL, 2.76 mg/dL, 134.20 mmol/L, 1.90 mmol/L, 13.78 mg/dL, 17.96 mg/dL, 262.60 g/dL, 81.80 mmol/L, respectively. We assume that variation in values of blood indices may be a defensive mechanism against pollution.

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Yildirim, N. C.; Benzer, F.; Danabas, D.

Aim of this study was to determine the extent of pollution in the Munzur River in Turkey was determined. The antioxidant (reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) catalase (CAT)) and the oxidant (MDA) status of hepatopancreas, gills, muscle, heart and kidney tissues of C. trutta were chosen as bioindicators. The fish samples were caught from contaminated (Station I) and uncontaminated (Station II) stations in Munzur River during April 2010. GSH levels were lower in gill, muscle and heart of the C. trutta collected at the contaminated station (p<0.05). The MDA levels were significantly higher in gill, muscle, kidney and heart of the C. trutta from the contaminated station (p<0.05). The CAT activity was significantly increased in the gill tissue at the contaminated station (p<0.05). GSH-Px activity was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in gill, muscle, kidney and heart tissues samples from C. trutta collected at the contaminated station compared to those collected from the uncontaminated station. Overall, the results demonstrate that alteration in the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione system and induction of lipid peroxidation reflects the presence of pollution, which may cause oxidative stress in the C. trutta from Munzur River. The results provide evidence those enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomarkers of oxidative stress.

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Danabas, D.

In this trial, the lipid contents and fatty acid compositions (% of total fatty acids) of rainbow trout fed with four different ratios of clinoptilolite were studied. The fatty acid compositions of fish in groups ranged from 26.81% to 27.93 % saturated fatty acids, 25.35-31.435 % monounsaturated and 32.99-40.185 % polyunsaturated. Among them, those occurring in the highest proportions were oleic acid (C18:1n9, 19.85-22.27 %), palmitic acid (C16:0, 15.60-16.56 %), linoleic acid (C18:2n6, 11.43-18.88 %), cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3, 13.36-15.52 %), stearic acid (C18:0, 4.25-4.75 %), palmitoleic acid (C16:1, 3.53-4.59 %), cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n3, 3.11-3.39 %), and myristic acid (C14:0, 2.56-2.85 %). The findings demonstrated that fatty acid compositions of the groups depend on feed, age, environmental conditions, and effects of feed additives like clinoptilolite. In this respect, it demonstrated that clinoptilolite can be added to fish feeds

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Yildirim, N. C.; Danabas, D.; Ergin, C.

The potential utility of biomarkers for monitoring both environmental quality and the health of organisms inhabiting polluted ecosystems has received increasing attention during the recent years. In this study. it was aimed to investigate the possible effect of pollution on biochemical parameters of Capoeta trutta captured in two environments with different levels of pollution in Munzur River, Tunceli, Turkey. One of them, hereby named reference site, there is no sewage discharge. Other side is denominated as polluted site is characterized by discharge of domestic sewage. Levels of amylase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl tranferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides and uric acid were checked in blood samples. Plasma biochemical changes showed significantly differences between reference and polluted sites in alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and glucose values. These results indicate that both domestic waste water and agricultural activities can alter the serum biochemical contents of Copeata trutta fish in Munzur River. Continuous production of pollutants resulting in impaired ability to respond to different environment stress factors and diseases. Present groups of researchers suggest that pollution levels should be monitored regularly.

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Danabas, D.; Altun, T.; Celik, F.

DANABAS, D., T. ALTUN and F. CELIK, 2011. The overwintering of leaping mullet (Liza saliens Risso, 1810) in fresh water. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 17: 846-850 The overwintering of leaping mullet (Liza saliens Risso, 1810) juveniles (average live weight (W) 5.20 +/- 0.02 g and average total length (L) 8.11 +/- 0.08 cm) was investigated, in this study. The trial was planned in 2 groups and triplicate. One of the trial groups (the Group 1) comprised of the fish stocked in ponds in the open area and the other group (the Group 2) of the fish stocked in the ponds covered with greenhouses. The average W and L values of the Group 2 after a period of 3 months were 8.70 +/- 0.04 g and 9.62 +/- 0.05 cm, respectively. The mortality rate (M) in this group was 0.95 +/- 0.1 % and 12.86 +/- 0.1 % in the Group 1. The difference among the W and L values, specific growth rates (SGR) and M averages obtained from the groups was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). As a result of this study, it can be recommended that mullet species can be polycultured as a side product with aforementioned species in large scale businesses by efficient use of pond layers.

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İncele

Danabas, D.; Benzer, F.; Kaplan, O.; Yildirim, N. C.

Heavy metal pollution of waters is a major environmental problem. Due to their toxicity, long persistence, bioaccumulative and nonbiodegradable properties in the food chain, heavy metals constitute a core group of aquatic pollutants. Capoeta trutta is an economically important fish and the object of significant commercial fishery in the Munzur River. Levels of Cu were measured in samples of the muscle, gill and liver tissues of C. trutta from Munzur River. In liver copper levels were higher at Station I (6.15 mg kg(-1)) polluted by domestic waste than Station II (5.48 mg kg(-1)) (P<0.05). The highest copper level (7.25 mg kg(-1)) was measured in muscle tissue at Station II. There was found no statically differences between stations in gill and muscle (P>0.05). It is suggested that ecological condition of freshwater fish and contamination levels in Munzur River must be regularly monitored.

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