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- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Effect of Temperature on the Fracture Characteristics of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures Using the Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) Test
Ince, Ragip; Furtana, Beyza; Yılmaz, Mehmet
This study investigates the temperature-dependent fracture behavior of hot mix asphalt using the Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) test and nonlinear fracture mechanics principles. SCB specimens prepared from gyratory-compacted mixtures were notched at three depths and tested at four different temperatures (23 °C, 0 °C, -11 °C, and -22 °C). The Two-Parameter Model (TPM), the compliance approach, and the J-integral method were employed to determine nonlinear fracture parameters, including fracture toughness, effective crack length, elastic modulus, and critical crack tip opening displacement (CTODc). Load CMOD curves were analyzed to determine elastic modulus from initial compliance values, while nonlinear fracture toughness was calculated based on equivalent crack length at peak load. Results showed that temperature is the most dominant variable influencing fracture behavior, explaining more than 75% of the observed variation. As the temperature decreased, the elastic modulus and fracture toughness significantly increased, indicating stiff and brittle behavior, whereas higher temperatures led to increased CTODc and more ductile fracture characteristics. The findings demonstrate that nonlinear fracture mechanics and TPM provide reliable and physically meaningful fracture characterization for asphalt mixtures. The outcomes highlight the importance of temperature in pavement fracture performance and confirm that nonlinear fracture approaches are useful tools for performance-based asphalt pavement design, particularly in cold climate regions susceptible to thermal cracking.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1“A combined experimental numerical statistical framework to characterize fracture behavior of asphalt mixtures”
Atar, Muhammed; Ince, Ragip; Bakhshizadeh, Majid; Pirmohammad, Sadjad; Furtana Yalcin, Beyza; Yilmaz, Mehmet
This study investigates the fracture and viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixtures through a combined experimental, numerical, and statistical approach. Semi Circular Bend (SCB) tests were performed on specimens with notch lengths of 10, 20, and 30 mm at two temperature levels (0 °C and room temperature) to determine fracture toughness (KIc), fracture energy, and stiffness parameters. The Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) was employed to simulate crack initiation and propagation, providing a close match with experimental SCB results under various thermal and geometric conditions. To further interpret the effects of temperature and crack geometry, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to the experimental data, enabling the identification of key interaction effects and optimization of fracture parameters. The results demonstrated that decreasing temperature and increasing notch length notably reduced fracture resistance, while XFEM accurately represented the nonlinear crack propagation observed in laboratory testing. Moreover, RSM provided predictive equations that were in strong agreement with XFEM outcomes. The proposed integrated SCB-XFEM-RSM framework presents an efficient and reliable methodology for evaluating and optimizing the fracture performance of asphalt mixtures, offering valuable insights for the design of durable and sustainable pavement systems under diverse environmental conditions.
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