Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Earthquake Hazard in Urban Areas of Bursa Province: Paleosismological Properties of the Ulubat, Bursa and İnegöl Active Faults
Karabacak, Volkan; Sançar, Taylan
This study provides a detailed mapping of active fault segments in Bursa and its surrounding regions, along with a comprehensive analysis of seismic behavior derived from paleoseismological data. As one of T & uuml;rkiyes' strategic economic centers with a dense population and industrial infrastructure, Bursa requires a holistic seismic risk assessment for effective disaster preparedness and mitigation. Paleoseismological analyses of the eastern segment of the Ulubat Fault indicate that it has been in a seismic quiescence period for approximately 1855 years. This prolonged period of inactivity highlights the potential for a large earthquake in the future around the Nil & uuml;fer Region of Bursa. Trench investigations conducted in Bursa city-centre reveal that the Bursa Fault has produced at least six surface ruptures over the past 12000 years, recurring approximately every 2000 years. Additionally, trench studies on the & Idot;neg & ouml;l Fault indicate that the & Idot;neg & ouml;l Fault has produced at least five surface ruptures over the last 12000 years, with the most recent major earthquake occurring more than 2500 years ago. Obtained results emphasize the potential for the Bursa and & Idot;neg & ouml;l faults to rupture simultaneously or in close succession, possibly triggering one another. Thus, the surface rupture caused by the 1855 Bursa earthquake is evaluated to have potentially triggered stress accumulation along the & Idot;neg & ouml;l Fault. This situation reveals a high probability of a surface-rupturing earthquake (M=6.2-6.9) occurring at any time on the & Idot;neg & ouml;l Fault, after 2500 years of seismic silence. Overall, these findings underscore the critical role of the faults in Bursa and its surroundings within the regional seismicity. In particular, the potential for sequential ruptures along the Bursa and & Idot;neg & ouml;l faults presents a significant earthquake hazard. This comprehensive analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the seismotectonic dynamics of the region, providing valuable insights for seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation efforts.
AtıfWoS2OpenAlex3
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ2Morphometric constraints on tectonic activity and landscape evolution in the Uludağ Range, NW Türkiye
Sançar, Taylan; Karabacak, Volkan
The Uluda & gbreve; Range of northwest T & uuml;rkiye forms a key tectonic boundary between the North Anatolian Fault Zone and the Western Anatolia Extensional Region, where active deformation is expressed across a network of strike-slip and normal faults. To investigate how fault segmentation and kinematics control landscape evolution in this complex orogen, we integrate high-resolution morphometric analysis with paleoseismological data. We extracted key morphometric indices-including Delta-relief, Delta-elevation, Delta-gradient, Delta chi, hypsometric integral, channel concavity (m/n), normalized channel steepness (ksn), and knickpoint distribution-from 10-meter DEMs using open-source geomorphic toolkits. Our results demonstrate pronounced spatial variability in geomorphic signatures and tectonic activity across four divide segments (DS). DS01, associated with the right-lateral Ulubat Fault, exhibits exceptional morphometric stability and minimal disequilibrium, in line with long earthquake recurrence intervals and low Holocene slip rates. In contrast, DS02 and DS03-bounded by the Bursa and So & gbreve;ukpinar faults-display chi-based divide migration and subtle landscape adjustment. DS04, influenced by the & Idot;neg & ouml;l and Oylat faults, is characterized by elevated channel steepness, dense knickpoint clustering, and southward divide migration, collectively indicating ongoing uplift and transient drainage adjustment. The strong correspondence between morphometric disequilibrium and documented earthquake recurrence patterns highlights the critical value of integrating geomorphic and paleoseismological datasets. Our findings demonstrate that only through the convergence and cross-validation of multiple independent metrics can the segmented imprint of active deformation be reliably detected-particularly where landscape response is temporally offset from fault activity. The methodological framework developed here provides a robust template for quantifying active structures and their geomorphic consequences and can be widely applied to other tectonically complex mountain belts for seismic hazard assessment and landscape evolution studies.
AtıfWoS2OpenAlex2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Was the Formation of the North Anatolian Fault Influenced by the Aegean Extension?
Uysal, I. Tonguç; Karabacak, Volkan; Aykut, Tunahan; Ring, Uwe; Liu, Entao; Sancar, Taylan; Leonard, Nicole; Tong, Kui; Todd, Andrew J.; Temel, Abidin
The North Anatolian Fault (NAF), one of the most prominent plate boundary continental fault systems on Earth, facilitates the westward movement of the Anatolian microplate into the Aegean region. The temporal and spatial evolution of the NAF is important for understanding the mechanism of escape tectonics during plate interaction in active orogenic regions. The driving force(s) behind the movement of the NAF and the time period over which this occurred remain controversial. Our U–Pb and K–Ar dating of syntectonic minerals shows that a predecessor faulting initiated as early as ~40 Ma due to shortening along the Neo-Tethyan suture zone. Fault reactivations occurred at ~20 and 10 Ma synchronously in eastern and western Anatolia, suggesting that the NAF already existed by ~20 Ma. Our data also show that the westward motion of Anatolia was not only controlled by the Arabia–Eurasia collision in eastern Anatolia, but also by Aegean extension.
AtıfScopus6OpenAlex6
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ1When did the North Anatolian fault reach southern Marmara, Turkey?
Karabacak, Volkan; Sançar, Taylan; Yildirim, Gökhan; Uysal, I. Tonguç
We dated syntectonic calcites on fault planes from the southern branch of the western North Anatolian fault (NAF) in northern Turkey using U-Th geochronology. We selected strike-slip faults that are kinematically related to the current regional strain field. The isotopic ages cluster around different periods during the past ~700 k.y. The most prominent cluster peak of 510.5 ± 9.5 ka (1σ) is consistent with the maximum cumulative strike-slip offset data and tectonic plate motions measured by GPS data, highlighting the fact that the present configuration of the NAF in the southern Marmara region started at ca. 500 ka or earlier. These new isotopic ages, combined with previous considerations of regional tectonics, reveal that faulting along the western NAF initiated primarily in the southern Marmara region at least a few hundred thousand years earlier than the timing suggested for the northern branch of the western NAF. This study presents an innovative approach to constrain the timing of initiation of currently active fault segments along the NAF in southern Marmara. U-Th geochronology of fault-hosted calcite thus has a wide application in determining absolute ages of fault episodes in wider shear zones along plate boundaries
AtıfScopus26OpenAlex27İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Paleoseismicity of the Ulubat Fault: Inferences on Seismic Behaviour of the Southern Branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, South Marmara; [Ulubat Fayı’nın Paleosismisitesi: Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu Güney Kolunun Deprem Davranışı Üzerine Çıkarımlar, Güney Marmara]
Karabacak, Volkan; Sancar, Taylan; Selcuk, Azad Saglam; Buyukdeniz, Yusuf
This article presents the results of the first paleoseismological studies conducted along the Ulubat Fault and their inferences on the earthquake behavior of the south branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). The Ulubat Fault is divided into 3 segments according to its geometric characteristics and paleoseismological behavior. Along the fault segments, at least 6 paleoearthquake event have been distinguished in the last 16 thousand years with paleoseismolgic fault excavations. The dating results correlated with the historical records show that the latest surface ruptures along the Ulubat Fault occurred with the earthquakes of <161/170 AD (I=IX), 1143 AD (M=6.0) and 1855 AD (M=7.3), respectively, and migrated to the west. Although it does not provide sufficient statistical evaluation opportunity, the paleoseismological data presented in this study proves that the segments of the NAFZ south branch do not present characteristic earthquake behavior in terms of recurrence period and this irregularity may be due to the multi-fragment geometry of the fault zone in the region.
AtıfScopus6OpenAlex6TR Dizin4İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Active Tectonic Setting and Paleoseismicity of the Sancak-Uzunpazar Fault Zone; [Sancak-Uzunpazar Fay Zonu’nun Genç Tektonik Konumu ve Paleosismitesi]
Selcuk, Azad Saglam; Erturac, Mehmet Korhan; Karabacak, Volkan; Sancar, Taylan; Kul, Ahmet Ozkan; Yavuz, Mehmet Ali
Sancak-Uzunpazar Fault Zone is N40E-trending sinistral shear zone that has a 50 km length and 5 km width between Karakocan (Elazığ) in southwest and Kaynarpınar (Bingöl) in northeast. The fault extends parallelly to East Anatolian Fault is bounded by the North Anatolian Fault to the northeast and Karakoçan Fault to the southeast. Herein, morphological features, the tectonic setting of the Sancak-Uzunpazar Fault Zone and the first paleoseismological studies on it is represented. The Sancak-Uzunpazar Fault Zone is consist of two parallel segments (called East and West) with a 1.5 km distance. Conducted field studies and aerial photogrometry show that the segments exhibit morphological features like faceted surfaces, faulted scarps, shutter ridges, and offset streams. Especially, average offsets are about 7-12 m along the eastern segment while the cumulative maximum offset reaches 1.1 km. Moreover, revealed paleoseismological data show evidence of at least two surface ruptures during Holocene. Obtained morphological data reveal that the Sancak-Uzunpazar Fault Zone may have a relatively lower slip rate when compared to other active faults in the region and the reflection of the slip rate to the morphology is more evident in the eastern segment.
AtıfScopus1OpenAlex2TR Dizin3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ1Geodynamic importance of the strike-slip faults at the eastern part of the Anatolian Scholle: Inferences from the uplift and slip rate of the Malatya Fault (Malatya-Ovacık Fault Zone, eastern Turkey)
Sançar, Taylan; Zabcı, Cengiz; Akçar, Naki; Karabacak, Volkan; Yeşilyurt, Serdar; Yazıcı, Müge; Serdar Akyüz, H.; Önal, Ayten Öztüfekçi; Ivy-Ochs, Susan; Christl, Marcus
Controversy remains over when present-day configuration of the Anatolia boundary faults came into existence, and the issue of what are the driving forces of the Anatolian westward motion. The NW-striking dextral and NE-striking sinistral second-order strike-slip faults at the eastern part of the Anatolian Scholle play a crucial role within these long-lasting discussions, and the NE-striking sinistral Malatya–Ovacık Fault Zone (MOFZ) is particularly important in this ongoing debate. Although the MOFZ is defined as one of the intra-plate structures, it has been proposed that it was an inter-plate fault between the Anatolia and Arabian plates from the latest Miocene to mid-Pliocene and that it has been inactive during the last ca. 3.5 Ma. This study provides results from the first morphochronology-based uplift and slip rate estimates on the Malatya Fault within the southern section of the MOFZ. The cosmogenic isochron burial and cosmogenic depth burial of ages from the sinistrally offset Tohma River remnant terraces enabled us to calculate 1.0 ± 0.01 and 1.12 ± 0.01 mm/yr minimum and maximum horizontal slip rates, respectively, for the last 1.4 ± 0.1 Ma. Furthermore, we conclude that the 96 ± 11 m/Ma mean uplift has been driven by the Malatya Fault. Integrated interpretation of the findings of this study and available data on both the MOFZ and other strike-slip faults at the eastern part of the Anatolian Scholle support the hypothesis that they are plate-boundary related active deformation belts that originated from paleotectonic structures during the tectonic escape of the Anatolian Scholle.
AtıfScopus20OpenAlex20İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2019Scopus SJRQ2Geometry and Paleoseismology of the Malatya Fault (Malatya-Ovack Fault Zone), Eastern Turkey: Implications for intraplate deformation of the Anatolian Scholle
Sançar, Taylan; Zabci, Cengiz; Karabacak, Volkan; Yazici, Muge; Akyüz, H. Serdar
The sinistral Malatya-Ovack Fault Zone (MOFZ) is one of the outstanding intraplate deformation belts within Anatolia. The 165-km-long, NE-SW-striking Malatya Fault (MF), which constitutes the southern section of the MOFZ, is separated into five segments according to its surface geometry. These segments have evident morphotectonic features that reflect long- and short-term fault activity, such as morphologic structures offset by as little as 7m and as much as 7.3km. This study provides results from the first paleoseismological investigations on the MF. We find that the last earthquake occurred between 965 and 549 BCE and calculate a recurrence interval of 2275 +/- 605years from evidence for four paleo-events over the last 10ka. Considering fault segmentation and our paleoseismological data, we propose that the accumulated strain on the MF may cause a destructive earthquake (M=7.4) in the near future. Our results support the hypotheses that the MF and other NW-striking dextral and NE-striking sinistral strike-slip faults within the eastern part of Anatolia are plate boundary-related, active deformational structures.
AtıfWoS19OpenAlex29İncele - Proje2017Malatya Fayı (Malatya-Ovacık Fay Zonu)'nın Jeolojik KaymaHızının ve Eski Deprem Tarihçesinin Araştırılması
Karabacak, Volkan; Akçar, Naki; Akyüz, Hüsnü Serdar; Önal, Ayten Öztüfekçi; Zabci, Cengiz; Sançar, Taylan
Avrasya Levhası?na göre, Afrika ve Arabistan Levhaları?nın kuzeye ve Anadolu Bloku?nun batıya doğru olan hareketi Doğu Akdeniz?in karmaşık tektonik yapısının anlaşılmasında anahtar role sahiptir. Anadolu?nun batıya kaçışında ana deformasyon zonları Kuzey ve Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonları (KAFZ ve DAFZ) ile bu sırada Anadolu içerisinde meydana gelen önemli kıta içi deformasyonlar ise KB doğrultulu sağ yanal ve KD doğrultulu sol yanal doğrultu atımlı faylar ile temsil edilir. Daha önceden ileri sürülen hipotezlerin aksine, yakın zamandaki jeolojik, jeodezik çalışmalar ve mikro sismik aktivite Anadolu Bloku içerisindeki deformasyon sürecinin sürekli olduğuna işaret etmektedirler. 240 km uzunluğundaki Malatya Ovacık Fay Zonu (MOFZ), Anadolu Bloku içerisindeki KD doğrultulu sol yanal deformasyon kuşaklarından biridir. Önceki hipotezler MOFZ?nin sürekli bir deformasyon zonu olmadığını ve 3 milyon yıldan bu yana aktivitesini yitirdiğini ileri sürsede, fay üzerinde yapılan jeolojik, jeodezik çalışmalar ve mikro sismik aktivite bu görüşün aksini destekler. Bununla beraber, MOFZ?nin güncel deformasyon özellikleri hakkında az sayıda veri bulunurken paleosismik tarihçesi hakkında veri bulunmaz. TÜBİTAK 114Y580 numaralı proje kapsamında, Malatya Fayı (MF)?nın (a) morfokronoloji temelli kayma hızı, (b) paleosismik tarihçesi ve (c) uzun dönemli kayma hızı üzerine yoğunlaşılmıştır. Kozmojenik 36Cl, 26Al ve 10Be izotopları ile 1.700 m ötelenmiş Tohma Deresi taraçalarının yaşlandırılması, MF?nin son 1,4 milyon yıllık dönemi için ortalama 1,21 mm/yıl kayma hızına ve bölge için 92 ±11 metre/milyon yıl yükselim hızına işaret etmektedir. Kayma hızı değerinin elde edildiği segmentin kuzeyinde yapılan paleosismoloji çalışmalarının ortaya çıkardığı 2275±606 yıllık deprem tekrarlanma aralığı, GPS verilerine göre daha düşük olan kayma hızı değerini desteklemektedir. Malatya Fayı?nın kuzeyinde ölçülen ve en fazla birikimli atım değeri olan 7,3 km, son 1,4 milyon yıllık kayma hızı değerini yansıtan 1,21 mm/yıl ile oranlandığında MF?nin yaşı yaklaşık olarak altı milyon yıl olarak hesaplanır. Ancak morfometrik indis çalışmalarına göre, daha fazla deformasyon olan fayın kuzeyinde, kayma hızının da fazla olduğu düşünüldüğünde hesaplanan bu yaş MF için en yaşlı tarihtir.
- MakaleYalnız künye20121939 Erzincan Depremi Yüzey Kırığının Ortaköy-Suşehri segmenti üzerinde paleosismolojik bulgular, Kuzey Anadolu fay zonu
Zabcı, Cengiz; Karabacak, Volkan; Polat, Ali; Gürsoy, Halil; Tatar, Orhan; Sançar, Taylan
İnceleme alanı Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu (KAFZ)’nun doğu kesiminde yer alan Suşehri-Gölova havzaları üzerinde bulunmaktadır. Sismik açıdan son derece aktif olan bu fay zonu üzerinde yakın tarihsel dönem içinde çok şiddetli birçok deprem meydana gelmiştir. 27 Aralık 1939’da çok sayıda can ve mal kaybına neden olan son büyük Erzincan depremi inceleme alanının da içinde bulunduğu bölgede yüzlerce km’lik yüzey kırığı oluşturmuştur. KAFZ’nun özellikle orta ve batı kesimi üzerinde daha önce yapılan paleosismolojik çalışmalarla, tarihsel depremlere ait yeni verilerin saptanması sonucu sismik etkinliğin zamansal tekrarlanma aralığı ve büyüklüğü hakkında önemli bilgiler elde edilmiştir. KAFZ’nun doğu kesimindeki paleosismolojik amaçlı çalışmalar batı kesimine göre daha az sayıda olup, doğu kesimi bu açıdan daha bakirdir. Bu çalışmada 1939 Erzincan depremi yüzey kırığı üzerinde 3 adet hendek açılmıştır. Bu hendekler batıdan doğuya doğru Eskibağ, Aşağıyeniköy ve Aşağıtepecik köyleri içerisinde ilerleyen 1939 depremi yüzey kırığının üzerinde yer almaktadır. Eskibağ hendeği Sevindik köyü GD’sunda ve Eskibağ köyü KD’sunda yer alan bir belverme gölcüğü üzerinde açılmıştır. Aşağıyeniköy hendeği aynı hat üzerinde, fay morfolojisinin iyi gözlendiği Aşağıyeniköy’ün KD’sunda ve Aşağı tepecik hendeği de Süt Gölü’nün yaklaşık 2.5 km GD’sunda açılmıştır. Bu hendek verileri fay zonunun uzanımı üzerinde Holosen boyunca tekrarlanan büyük depremlere ait veriler sunması açısından önemlidir. Açılan bu hendeklerde, 1939 yüzey kırığının gözlenmesinin yanı sıra, 1939 depremi yüzey kırığından daha önce oluşan depremlerin kırıklarının da saptanmış olması, 1939 depremi yüzey kırığının eski kırıkları takip ettiği ve 1939 depremi öncesinde birkaç farklı sismik etkinliğin de varlığını ortaya koymaktadır.
AtıfTR Dizin2İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2012Paleoseismological Findings on the Ortakoy-Susehri Segment of the 1939 Erzincan Earthquake Surface Rupture, North Anatolian Fault Zone
Polat, Ali; Tatar, Orhan; Gürsoy, Halil; Karabacak, Volkan; Zabci, Cengiz; Sançar, Taylan
- MakaleAçık Erişim2011Scopus SJRQ2Palaeoearthquakes on the Kelkit Valley Segment of the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey: Implications for the Surface Rupture of the Historical 17 August 1668 Anatolian Earthquake
Zabci, Cengiz; Akyüz, Husnu Serdar; Karabacak, Volkan; Sançar, Taylan; Altunel, Erhan; Gürsoy, Halil; Tatar, Orhan
AtıfOpenAlex31İncele