Boukhris, Imed; Kebaili, Imen; Sayyed, M.I.; Askin, A.; Rammah, Y.S.

Linear and nonlinear optical features of La3+ doped tellurite glasses in the form 75TeO2–10ZnO –5Li2O –(10-x)Nb2O5 –xLa2O3: x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 in mol% (abbreviated as La0.0. La0.5, La1.0, La1.5, La2.0, and La2.5) were investigated. Also, the γ-photons attenuation parameters were tested utilizing Geant4 simulation code. Results revealed that the molar polarizability (αmolar) takes values from 8.685 × 10−24 to 7.933 × 10−24 cm3, while the molar refraction (Rmolar) changes from 21.886 to 20.219 (cm3/mol) for La0.0 to La2.5 glasses. The static dielectric constant (εstatic) varies from 6.368 to 5.191, whereas optical electronegativity (χ*) varies from 0.690 to 0.852 for La0.0-La2.5 glasses. Non-linear optical susceptibility (χ3) decreases from 5.675 × 10−12 to 2.109 × 10−12 (esu) with increment La2O3 content in the glasses, while non-linear refractive index (n2optical) decreases from 8.472 × 10−11 to 3.488 × 10−11 (esu). The radiation attenuation characteristics for the tested glasses were investigated with the help of Geant4 code. The mass attenuation coefficient (μm) was simulated between 0.284 and 2.506 MeV. The influnce of La2O3 on the shielding parameters was examined. Among the studied glasses, La2.5 posseses the highest μm values. Also, La2.5 sample has the lowest transmission fraction, which implies that more photons can be attenuated with La2.5 glass using a thin glass layer. From the transmission fraction results, we found that thick glasses are needed to attenuate gamma rays coming at high energies. At 0.511 MeV, the half value layer (HVL) value of the La0.0 glass is 1.49 cm while, at the same energy, the HVL value of the La2.5 glass is 1.44 cm.

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Sayyed, M.I.; El-Mesady, I.A.; Abouhaswa, A.S.; Askin, A.; Rammah, Y.S.

Glass samples of titanium-lead bismuth borate with the composition of (60B2O3 – 20Bi2O3 – (20-x)PbO – xTiO2), where 0 ≤ x ≤ 10 wt% labeled as BBPT0.0 (x = 0) to BBPT10.0 (x = 10) were synthesized. The melt quenching technique was used in the preparation. The amorphous character and vibrational groups for all samples were confirmed through XRD and FTIR measurements, respectively. The optical band gap (Eopt), Urbach's energy (Eurbach), and the optical dispersion constants have been determined using UV–Vis spectra. Results reveal that the values of the optical band gap energy exhibit a decrease with the TiO2 concentration, in contrast with Urbach's energy which displays a linear increase from 0.43 to 0.64 eV. In addition, the values of single-oscillator energy (Eo) has the same behavior of the optical energy gap (Eopt), while the dispersion energy parameter (Ed) has an inversely behavior. Mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) of the investigated glasses have been computed using the Geant4 simulation toolkit and WinXCOM database software. Geant4 model of a HPGe detector has been employed to perform the Monte Carlo simulations for the glass samples with five thicknesses from 1 to 3 cm at the gamma ray energies in the range of 356–2510 keV. The transmission fractions as a function of the thickness at 356 keV photon energy for all studied glasses has been performed. Half value layer (HVL) was derived from the μ/ρ values. Results showed the studied glasses have good shielding capability according to their mass attenuation coefficients, transmission fractions and HVL values.

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Rammah, Y.S.; Askin, A.; Abouhaswa, A.S.; El-Agawany, F.I.; Sayyed, M.I.

New zinc lead borate glasses with (50B2O3–10ZnO–(40 − y) PbO)–yFe2O3: 0 ≤ y ≤ 10 wt%) composition were synthesized by the conventional melt-quench technique. The amorphous nature of the glasses was tested by using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. FTIR spectra for the glasses were recorded in the range of 4000–400 cm−1. Physical properties of the proposed glasses were evaluated. The mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) for the glasses were calculated by the Geant4 simulation toolkit code and XCOM software within the photon energy range 365–2510 keV. Different γ-ray shielding parameters such as half-value layer, tenth value layer, and transmission fraction for the proposed glasses were evaluated using the obtained values of the (μ/ρ). Results reveal that for 1 cm glass thickness, the (50B2O3–10ZnO–30PbO)–10Fe2O3 sample has the highest transmission, due to the lower amount of Pb, and thus poorer shielding capability among the other glass samples. In addition, the probabilities of γ-ray interaction with the studied glasses were investigated.

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