Gulec, A. Kucukgul; Kucukgul, A.; Danabas, D.; Ural, M.; Seker, E.; Arslan, A.; Serdar, O.

The fish (84 +/- 1.02 g mean +/- SEM) were divided into 3 groups (N=15 in each group) as control (CNT), infected with Yersinia ruckeri (INF), and infected and essential oils (+EO). The CNT and INF groups were fed only with commercial fish feed. The +EO group was fed with feeds prepared with the rate of 10 ml herbal essential oils (mixed thyme and fennel) / 100 g feed during 21 days. The liver tissue (0.4 g) of fish was dissected in third day of the experimental period and mRNA transcription levels in liver tissue were determined by Real Time PCR analysis. INF and +EO groups exhibited decreased immunity against the challenging with Y. ruckeri infection (53.57 and 42.85 % mortality, respectively) when compared with CNT group (93.33 %). Gene mRNA transcription levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), inducible nitric oxide synthesis (iNOS), serum amyloid A (SAA), that are responsible during the initiation and continuation of the inflammation increased in 1.86, 2.46, 1.62 and 55.7 fold change, respectively in INF group, whereas mRNA expressions of haptoglobin (Hp) decreased (1.2-fold change) in 3th day of experimental period. The +EO group eliminated the increase in all of the gene expressions.

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Seker, E.; Karahan, M.; Sarieyyüpoglu, M.; Çetinkaya, B.

This study was conducted to induce experimental infection in rainbow trout with Y. ruckeri, the causative agent of ERM disease and progress of the disease was then monitored over the time period. Application of PCR for early and accurate diagnosis of infection was also investigated. Total 100 fish were allocated to four experimental and a control group each containing 20 fish. There were 20 aquaria and five fish were housed in each aquaria. There were 4 replicates for each group. Fish, at an average weight of 75 g, were injected intramuscularly with 0.1 ml dilutions of Y. ruckeri at various doses (4x10(8), 1x10(8), 4x10(4) and 1x10(4) per ml) in the experimental groups. Blood samples were collected from fish that showed typical signs of the disease. DNA's extracted from blood samples were subjected to PCR amplification based upon a pair of Y. ruckeri specific primers. Following agarose gel electrophoresis of the PCR products, positive bands with the molecular size of approximately 589 bp which were considered indicative for identification as Y. ruckeri were observed. In addition, isolation and identification of Y. ruckeri from various internal organs of infected fish were made by conventional culture method. The results suggested that early diagnosis of ERM disease can be made while fish are alive and diseased fish can be isolated and treated accordingly which will help decrease economic losses.

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