Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Investigation of flow design and deflector plate effect in air cooled battery pack at different discharge rates
Tuğan, Volkan; Yardımcı, Uğurcan
In this study, the effect of different flow designs and the use of deflector plates on the thermal performance of an air cooled battery pack was investigated using the CFD method. Model A, which has a conventional single inlet flow structures, was compared with Model B, which employs dual inlets and deflector plates. In both models, 24 cylindrical 18650 lithium-ion battery cells were used, and the inlet and outlet surface areas of the battery pack were designed to be equal. Analyses performed at 3C and 4C discharge rates showed that the dual inlet flow structure and deflector plates significantly improved the cooling efficiency of the battery pack. At a 3C discharge rate, the maximum battery temperature and maximum temperature difference obtained with Model B were 1.87 K and 1.08 K lower, respectively, compared to Model A. At a 4C discharge rate, this improvement became even more pronounced, with the maximum battery temperature reduced by 2.49 K and the maximum temperature difference decreased by 1.44 K. Examination of the temperature contours revealed that, in Model A, heat accumulation occurred particularly in the rear regions, whereas Model B achieved a more homogeneous temperature distribution.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Innovative System Design and Numerical Investigation Based on Air Cooling and Baffle Utilization in the Thermal Management of Lithium Ion Batteries
Tuğan, Volkan; Yardımcı, Uğurcan
Effective management of temperature in battery packs, which are used in a wide range of applications from portable devices to electric vehicles, plays a critical role in terms of both efficiency and safety. In this study, a new air cooling thermal management system was designed to improve the thermal management of lithium ion battery packs and was comparatively examined with a conventional system. In the developed design, front and rear air inlets along with a top outlet were implemented, and baffles were added to achieve a more homogeneous distribution of airflow between the cells. The conventional system, on the other hand, was modeled based on the principle of front inlet and rear outlet without baffles. These two designs were compared through CFD analyses in terms of maximum battery temperature and maximum temperature difference. In the analyses, three different inlet air temperatures of 299.15 K, 294.15 K, and 289.15 K were investigated. The airflow velocity at the entrance of the battery pack was set to 0.5 m/s. The analysis results showed that the developed design reduced the maximum battery temperature and maximum temperature difference by 1.82-3.38 K and 2.48-4.29 K, respectively, compared to the conventional design.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ2An Innovative Thermal Management Approach Enhanced by Thermoelectric Stations and Turbulators for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Tuğan, Volkan; Yardımcı, Uğurcan
The design of an effective battery thermal management system is critical to ensure the safe, efficient, and long-lasting operation of lithium-ion batteries. Excessive heat generation and temperature non-uniformity among cells in high energy density battery systems lead to performance degradation, accelerated aging, and an increased risk of thermal runaway. Although liquid-cooled systems and thermoelectric module-assisted solutions have been extensively investigated separately in the literature, studies that holistically evaluate multiple thermoelectric stations combined with an innovative flow channel design and turbulator integration remain limited. This gap constitutes a significant research need, particularly in terms of improving temperature uniformity and reducing maximum cell temperature. In this study, to address this research gap, a novel liquid-cooled battery thermal management system integrating thermoelectric coolers and turbulators within the flow channel is proposed. The thermal performance of the proposed system was systematically analyzed using computational fluid dynamics under three different configurations (conventional system, thermoelectric-assisted system, and turbulator-integrated thermoelectric-assisted system) and four different mass flow rates (0.0008, 0.0013, 0.0018, and 0.0023 kg/s). The results indicate that, at a mass flow rate of 0.0023 kg/s, the integration of thermoelectric coolers and turbulators reduces the maximum battery temperature by 8.95 K and the maximum temperature difference by 6.83 K. At the highest mass flow rate, the proposed system achieves a maximum battery temperature of 306 K and a maximum temperature difference of 4.5 K, ensuring both effective cooling performance and high temperature uniformity. Overall, the results in terms of cooling performance and temperature uniformity demonstrate that the combination of thermoelectric modules and turbulators offers significant potential for advanced battery thermal management system applications and offers an effective solution for high-energy-density systems.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2Synergistic Effect of Cylindrical Fins and Phase Change Material on the Thermal and Economic Performance of a Double-Slope Solar Distillation Device Under Tunceli Climatic Conditions
Tuğan, Volkan; Işık, Erdem; İnallı, Mustafa
Global water scarcity driven by population growth, climate variability, and rising freshwater demand increases the need for more efficient solar desalination systems. In this study, a double-slope solar distillation device supported by a phase change material pool was developed to improve freshwater production. The phase change material layer was placed directly beneath the absorber plate to store excess thermal energy during peak solar radiation and release it during low-radiation periods. To strengthen thermal interaction between the absorber surface and the storage medium, cylindrical fins were embedded within the phase change material pool. The development of a double-slope solar distillation device integrated with a finned phase change material pool, and the simultaneous comparison of the thermal efficiency and economic analyses of single-slope and double-slope solar distillation devices under the same climatic conditions, are the prominent features of this study. Additionally, the performance of solar distillation devices has not previously been investigated under the climatic conditions of Tunceli, which further motivates this research. The developed system reached a peak freshwater productivity of 2459.2 g/m2/day, providing a 21.4% enhancement over the conventional configuration. In addition, the thermal efficiency increased from 17.7% in the conventional unit to 21.4% in the phase change material-assisted design. The economic analysis showed that the cost of distilled water was $0.097/kg for the conventional system and $0.105/kg for the proposed system, with the corresponding payback periods being approximately 11 and 12 months, respectively.
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İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ2A Parametric Study on a Thermoelectric-Integrated Battery Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicles: New Designs Utilizing Different Numbers of Thermoelectric Modules
Tuğan, Volkan
The safety, lifespan, and performance of battery systems in electric vehicles directly depend on the implementation of an effective thermal management strategy. In this study, a novel lithium-ion battery thermal management system integrated with a wavy cooling channel and different numbers of thermoelectric modules is proposed. Computational fluid dynamics-based numerical simulations were conducted at two ambient temperatures (298.15 K and 303.15 K) and three different thermoelectric temperatures (288.15 K, 293.15 K, and 298.15 K). Three configurations with four, six, and eight thermoelectric modules were analyzed and compared with the conventional case without thermoelectrics. The lowest maximum battery temperature was obtained with the design employing eight thermoelectric modules under the conditions of 298.15 K ambient temperature and 288.15 K thermoelectric temperature. It was found that integrating thermoelectrics into the battery thermal management system reduced the maximum battery temperature by up to 12.11 K and the maximum temperature difference by up to 5.83 K. Furthermore, maintaining the thermoelectric temperature approximately 5–10 K below the ambient temperature was identified as a critical design parameter to ensure both efficient cooling and thermal homogeneity. The use of different numbers of thermoelectric modules and the selection of appropriate operating temperatures were shown to play a decisive role in optimizing system performance.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1Computational fluid dynamics analysis of battery pack with cooling channel integrated with innovative thermoelectric cooling stations
Yardımcı, Uğurcan; Tuğan, Volkan
In this study, a novel liquid cooled battery thermal management system integrated with a thermoelectric assisted cooling channel has been designed. To prevent battery cells from operating at high temperatures and to ensure a uniform temperature distribution among the cells, multiple thermoelectric stations were placed at various positions along the cooling channel. The performance of four different models created with various temperature combinations, as well as a conventional model without thermoelectrics, was investigated through Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. In the analyses, five different thermoelectric temperatures (293.15–298.15 K), two different mass flow rates (0.0013 and 0.0018 kg/s), and two different initial temperatures (298.15 and 303.15 K) were examined. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the performance of the battery thermal management system with the use of the thermoelectric assisted cooling channel. It was determined that lowering the initial temperature from 303.15 K to 298.15 K and increasing the mass flow rate from 0.0013 kg/s to 0.0018 kg/s resulted in better cooling performance and more uniform distribution for the thermoelectric assisted system. Under the conditions of a 0.0013 kg/s mass flow rate and an initial temperature of 303.15 K, the highest reduction in maximum battery temperature, compared to the non-thermoelectric design, was achieved in Model B with 9.207 K. Under the same conditions, the most significant reduction in maximum temperature difference was observed in Model D with 4.758 K. Furthermore, the Root Mean Square Spread analysis results revealed that Model B provided the best performance in terms of temperature distribution.
AtıfScopus7WoS7OpenAlex10İncele - MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Experimental analysis of a double-slope solar still integrated with parabolic trough solar collector using nanofluid
Tuğan, Volkan; İnallı, Mustafa; Işık, Erdem
The use of solar energy in the treatment of saline water offers a sustainable and low-cost solution to the increasing global fresh water demand. In this direction, solar still systems separate water vapor from saline water by directly using solar radiation and then condense it to obtain pure water. However, their fresh water productivity is relatively low. Therefore, in this study, the fresh water productivity and thermal efficiency of the double slope solar distillation unit integrated with parabolic trough solar collector, which operates completely on solar energy, were investigated experimentally. In addition, the effect of water-based nanofluid containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the performance of the solar still was investigated. All the stills produced were compared in terms of fresh water productivity and thermal efficiency. According to the results obtained from the study, the highest daily productivity was found to be 1963.8 g/m2/day, 2008.5 g/m2/day, 2592.0 g/m2/day and 2937.6 g/m2/day for SSSS, DSSS, PTSC integrated DSSS and both NF and PTSC integrated DSSS, respectively. It was observed that the daily productivity of DSSS, DSSS with integrated PTSC, and DSSS with both PTSC and NF were 6.6 %, 42.2 %, and 49.6 % higher than SSSS, respectively. Additionally, it was observed that the thermal efficiency of DSSS using PTSC and NF was lower compared to SSSS due to its larger system area.
AtıfScopus13WoS8OpenAlex10İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ3Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Freshwater Productivity of a Single-Slope Solar Still
Tuğan, Volkan; Işık, Erdem; İnallı, Mustafa
Converting saline water into freshwater using renewable energy resources is crucial to address global shortages of freshwater. This study aims to investigate the freshwater productivity of a single-slope solar still (SSS) operating with solar energy, one of the renewable energy sources. The main motivation of this study is to evaluate the experimental, theoretical, and economic performance of the solar still under climate conditions that have not been sufficiently studied before. Experimental analyses were conducted under the climatic conditions of Tunceli, a city located in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye. In addition, a comprehensive theoretical analysis was carried out using energy equations, and the experimental and theoretical results were compared with each other. Finally, the economic feasibility of the system was evaluated through a cost analysis. The SSS's experimental and theoretical productivity were found to be 1883.9 and 2458.7 g/m2/day, respectively. The experimental thermal efficiency for this still was 15.1%, whereas the theoretical thermal efficiency was 19.7%. It was concluded that the theoretical productivity and efficiency values were close to the experimental values and the difference between them originated from the assumptions of theoretical calculations. The cost of water distilled by the single-slope solar distillation unit was found to be $0.077/kg, and the payback period was found to be 9 months.
AtıfScopus2WoS3OpenAlex2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ1Numerical study for battery thermal management system improvement with air channel in electric vehicles
Tuğan, Volkan; Yardımcı, Uğurcan
In order to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the battery system in electric vehicles, the heat generated in the batteries must be rapidly removed from the system. Therefore, a battery thermal management system is needed to ensure that the battery pack operates at appropriate temperatures. This study focuses on improving the battery thermal management system in electric vehicles. For this purpose, two different types of battery modules with new air channel design were created. The temperature distribution, maximum temperature difference and pressure drop in the battery modules were numerically investigated with computational fluid dynamics. In addition, the effect of three different air velocities (1 m/s, 2 m/s and 3 m/s) on the battery temperature was evaluated. The results showed that the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference in the battery decreased with the increase of the air inlet velocity. It was observed that the maximum temperature difference obtained for design 2 and design 3 decreased in the range of 15.01–17.93 % and 7.25–12.22 %, respectively, compared to Design 1.
AtıfScopus34WoS35İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2023Scopus SJRQ2Numerical investigation of the effect of using louver baffles on thermal performance in solar air collectors
Tuğan, Volkan; Işık, Erdem
Conventional flat plate solar air collectors have advantages such as low cost and simple design. However, their thermal efficiency is lower than that of other designs. The thermal efficiency of these collectors can be increased by detailed examination of parameters such as the shape, size, arrangement and material of the air duct. In this study, it is aimed to improve the thermal efficiency of solar air collectors. The effect of louver baffles, which were not previously used in solar air collectors, on thermal efficiency was investigated numerically via computational fluid dynamics. Three different solar air collectors with flat plates, segmented baffles, and louver baffles were compared in terms of thermal efficiency. In addition, pressure drops in solar air collectors were investigated. The mass flow rate of the air in all collectors is assumed to be 0.04 kg/s. Analyzes were carried out between 09:00 and 16:00. The thermal efficiency values obtained during the day for solar air collectors with flat plate, segmented baffles and louver baffles are 27.66%–56.35%, 29.57%–58.82% and 30.09%–59.47%, respectively. The daily thermal efficiency values obtained for solar air collectors with flat plate, segmented baffles and louver baffles are 46.98%, 49.18% and 49.87%, respectively. The pressure drop for solar air collectors with flat plate, segmented baffles and louver baffles were found to be 4.62, 18.82 and 5.96 Pa, respectively. Based on the data obtained from this study, louver baffles are recommended for use in solar heating applications due to their high thermal efficiency and low pressure drop.
AtıfScopus5WoS5OpenAlex5İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Çiçek Tip Şaşırtma Levhasına Sahip Gövde Borulu Isı Değiştiricinin CFD Analizi
Işık, Erdem; Tuğan, Volkan
Gövde borulu ısı değiştiricilerinin ısıl ve hidrolik performansını etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden bir tanesi şaşırtma levhasıdır. Bu çalışmada, ANSYS Fluent programı aracılığıyla, çiçek tip şaşırtma levhasına sahip gövde borulu ısı değiştiricinin CFD analizi yapılmıştır. Analizlerde, çiçek tip şaşırtma levhasının gövde tarafı ısı taşınım katsayısına, basınç düşüşüne ve basınç düşüşü başına düşen ısı transfer oranına etkisini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Ek olarak, çiçek tip şaşırtma levhası ile geleneksel tek parçalı şaşırtma levhası karşılaştırılmıştır. Tasarlanan gövde borulu ısı değiştiricinin gövde tarafında çalışma akışkanı olarak su kullanılmıştır. Analizlerde, gövde tarafındaki akışkan için dört farklı kütlesel debi (1.2 kg s-1, 1.5 kg s-1, 1.8 kg s-1 ve 2.1 kg s-1) incelenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, çiçek tip şaşırtma levhasının geleneksel tek parçalı şaşırtma levhasına göre basınç düşüşü başına düşen ısı transfer oranını artırdığı gözlemlenmiştir.
AtıfOpenAlex2TR Dizin1
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Dairesel Bir Boruda Kullanılan Boyuna Dalgalı Kanatçıkların Isı Transferine Etkisinin Sayısal Olarak İncelenmesi
Işık, Erdem; Tuğan, Volkan
Boruların dış yüzeyine yerleştirilen kanatçıklar ısı transferini önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, boyunadalgalı kanatçıkların ısı transferine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla içerisinden ısı transfer akışkanı olarak suyun aktığıdairesel bir borunun üç boyutlu akış analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dairesel boruda 1 mm kalınlığa sahip 18 adet boyuna düzve boyuna dalgalı bakır kanatçıklar kullanılmıştır. Kanatçık tipine göre kütlesel debiyle ısı transferinin değişiminiincelemek için 0,1 kg s⁻¹, 0,14 kg s⁻¹, 0,18 kg s⁻¹ ve 0,22 kg s⁻¹ olmak üzere dört farklı kütlesel debi kullanılmıştır. Eldeedilen sonuçlara göre, boyuna dalgalı kanatçıkların boyuna düz kanatçıklara kıyasla ısı transferini en düşük %8, en yüksek%11 oranında arttırdığı gözlemlenmiştir.
AtıfOpenAlex5TR Dizin2İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ3Investigation of the effect of baffle cut on heat transfer and pressure drop in shell-and-tube heat exchangers using CFD
Işık, Erdem; Tuğan, Volkan
The shell-and-tube heat exchanger (STHE) is one of the most widely used types of heat exchangers in industry. For this reason, studies conducted to improve the performance of STHEs are of great importance. In this study, a single-shell- and double-tube-pass STHE was designed, and a three-dimensional and steady-state flow analysis of this heat exchanger was conducted using the CFD method. The purpose of the analysis was to investigate the effect of baffle cut and mass flow rate of the fluid on the shell side on heat transfer and pressure drop by using the ANSYS Fluent, which is a type of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. For this aim, oil and water are used as working fluids in the shell and tubes of the STHE, respectively. Four different mass flow rates (0.6 kg/s, 0.8 kg/s, 1.0 kg/s, and 1.2 kg/s) are used for the fluid in the shell. In the analysis, three different STHEs with baffle cuts of 20%, 30%, and 40% are compared. According to the results of the CFD analysis, baffle cut plays an important role in heat transfer and pressure drop. The highest heat transfer per pressure drop was achieved for the STHE with 40% baffle cut and the lowest was achieved for the STHE with 20% baffle cut.
AtıfScopus13WoS8OpenAlex11İncele