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- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ4Solvent Extraction of Copper from Sulfate Solutions Using Acorga OPT5510; [Extracción de cobre de soluciones de sulfato mediante solventes con Acorga OPT5510]
Karacahan, Mehmet Kayra
This study used a solvent extraction technique with AcorgaOPT5510 extractant in kerosene to examine the extraction of copper ions from the actual leach solution produced after leaching malachite ore in sulfuric acid solutions. On the Cu/Fe separation factor and the effectiveness of copper extraction, the impacts of significant parameters, including stirring speed, contact duration, extractant concentration, beginning solution pH, and temperature, were examined. The following values were chosen as the optimal ones: 1:1, 1.5, 12%, 20 °C, 10 min, 10 min, and 500 rpm for maximum Cu2+ extraction from the aqueous-phase, aqueous/organic phase ratio, equilibrium pH of the aqueous phase, extractant concentration, temperature, contact time, settling time, and stirring speed. Under these conditions, 94% of the copper in the leach solution was removed, yielding about 40.09 Cu/Fe separation factor. A McCabe-Thiele plot was revealed, and it was shown that a two-step extraction procedure would yield the best results. Furthermore, employing a sulfuric acid concentration of 4 mol·L-1 for 10 minutes, the loaded organic phase was stripped and recovered 91% copper.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1Electrochemically assisted leaching of rare earth carbonates in non-aqueous green solvents: Solvent design, characterization, and process optimization
Cihangir, Salih
This study presents a systematic approach to the design, characterization, and application of non-aqueous green solvents (NAGSs) for the leaching of rare earth carbonate hydrates (RECHs). Four NAGSs based on choline chloride, ethylene glycol, and various carboxylic acids were synthesized and evaluated for their physicochemical and electrochemical properties. Among the evaluated formulations, the choline chloride–ethylene glycol–Na₂EDTA·2H₂O mixture (N1) and the chloride–levulinic acid mixture (N2) were found were found suitable for both traditional and electrochemically assisted leaching due to their optimal viscosity, conductivity, and electrochemical stability. Electrochemical assistance significantly enhanced leaching efficiency, with improvements ranging from 22 % to over 300 % for certain elements compared to conventional methods. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the application of an oxidative potential facilitates the protonation and dissolution of RECHs, likely through the generation of localized acidic environments and the formation of intermediate species. The FTIR analysis confirmed the dissolution of carbonate phases and the formation of rare earth–ligand complexes, particularly in the N1 system, where new bands associated with carboxylate and amine coordination were observed. Importantly, the proposed electrochemically assisted method can be applied to different primary or secondary sources in both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. The results demonstrate the advantages of combining non-aqueous green solvents with electrochemical assistance as an environmentally benign alternative to conventional acid-based leaching, especially for challenging carbonate forms of rare earth elements. This work provides important guidelines for the development of sustainable hydrometallurgical processes, with future directions including solvent recyclability, selective recovery, and environmental assessment.
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İncele - Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2023Scopus SJRQ1Hydrometallurgical Roadmaps and Future Strategies for Recovery of Rare Earth Elements
Erust, C.; Karacahan, M.K.; Uysal, T.
Increasing demand for low carbon technologies and renewable energy sources requires our resources and economies to be circular. Many countries agree that the responsible consumption, production, and recycling of rare-earth-containing products is essential as a way to achieve the sustainable development goals also set out in the European Green Deal. Sustainable sourcing is targeted with carefully designed roadmap for cost efficient REE production from end-of-life products (EoLs) in addition to mining activities as providing primary sources. Hydrometallurgical methods, such as roasting, leaching, precipitation, crystallization, solvent extraction, and ion exchange includes fast developing, selective, eco-friendly, and cost-effective technologies especially for the extraction of REEs. This article provides an overview of primary and secondary resources and summarizes presents case scenario of studies carried out on the use of some promising methods, which could serve as an economical means for recovering REEs.
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