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- MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1From trash to technology: Ai-driven waste classification with hybrid CNN-transformer approach for sustainable recycling
Utku, Anil
The increasing amount of waste globally requires more efficient recycling processes and increases the importance of intelligent, automatic classification systems. Since traditional waste separation methods are time-consuming and have high error rates, artificial intelligence-based solutions have great potential in this area. In this study, the effectiveness of deep learning-based waste classification models was investigated, and nine different waste types were classified using DenseNet121, EfficientNetB0, ResNet50, ViT, DenseNet121-ViT, EfficientNetB0-ViT, ResNet50-ViT. Experimental results show that hybrid CNN-ViT models achieved the highest accuracy rates. Mainly, the EfficientNetB0-ViT model exhibited the best performance with a 95% accuracy rate and made a balanced classification for all waste types. The model can optimize recycling processes by ensuring the correct separation of wastes and contribute to environmental sustainability by reducing misclassification. Artificial intelligence-supported waste management systems offer an effective solution in critical areas such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, saving energy, and supporting environmentally friendly urban planning. The findings of this study reveal that deep learning-based artificial intelligence models are an important tool for sustainable environmental management.
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İncele - Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ4Examination of Recycled Papers Using an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set-Based MCDM
Tuğrul, Feride
Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods are used in combination with intuitionistic fuzzy sets offer very favorable results to decision makers. Intuitionistic fuzzy set-based MCDM methods defined in this direction were utilized in many application areas. In this study, recycled papers were examined separately according to Cyan, Magenta and Yellow colors. Paper samples, which passed through a total of 4 recycling stages, were evaluated according to their L, a, and b values. The decision making mechanism established in the study was observed that provides effective results in the fields such as paper quality, print quality, recycling, etc.
AtıfScopus1OpenAlex1İncele - BildiriYalnız künye2024Assessing Environmental Pollution and Noise Levels at End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Centers: A Comparative Study
Harun, Zambri; Akkurt, Nevzat; Hashim, Hashimah; Molla, Altaf Hossain; Cahyadi, Mokhamad Nur; Zuhal, Lavi R.
This study investigates the environmental impact of end-of-life vehicle (EL V) recycling operations by assessing pollution parameters and noise levels at formal and informal recycling centers compared to a green zone reference area. U sing an integrated monitoring system. This research measured concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5, PMlO), nitrogen dioxide (N02), carbon dioxide (C02), ozone (03), and noise levels at selected sites in Selangor, Malaysia. Results reveal elevated pollutant concentrations and noise levels at both formal and informal EL V recycling centers relative to the green zone reference area. Diurnal variations in pollutant levels highlight the influence of operational activities and atmospheric conditions. The findings underscore the need for stringent regulatory measures and pollution control strategies to mitigate environmental and health risks associated with EL V recycling activities and promote sustainable practices in the recycling industry.
AtıfScopus2OpenAlex2İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ1Experimental and material characterization of composites, including waste iron and marble powder
Gülmez, Nihan
Due to its fine particle size, waste marble slurry originating in cutting and processing units mixes into the air after drying, causing environmental and health problems in nearby areas. On the other hand, large amounts of iron particles are generated as metalworking industry waste, affecting the environmental system. In this study, 0%, 10%, and 20% marble powder (instead of cement) and iron particles (instead of fine aggregate) were used in mixtures, and the composites produced were subjected to two different curing periods: 7 and 28 days. The physical, mechanical, microstructural, and thermal properties of the fresh and hardened composites were ascertained via bulk density, consistency, porosity, water absorption, capillary water absorption, strength tests, particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction (XRF), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The results revealed that minimum water absorption (8.5%) and porosity (19.8%) values were achieved in 28-day composites produced with 10% marble–20% iron wastes among all composites. Thus, iron particles substituted for natural aggregates were mainly responsible for the increase in mechanical performance. A maximum flexural strength of 5.9 MPa and a compressive strength of 26.7 MPa were observed in 28-day composites containing 0% marble–20% iron wastes. Furthermore, capillary water absorption tended to decrease with the substitution of 10% marble powder.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ1Thermoset powder coating wastes as filler in LDPE – Characterization of mechanical, thermal and morphological properties
Kismet, Yilmaz; Dogan, Akar; Wagner, Manfred H.
In this study, three different electrostatic powder coating wastes of thermoset structure were used as fillers for low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of these composites materials are reported. The thermoset powder coating wastes were hydrolyzed using water and alcohol, and then 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight of the deactivated wastes were mixed with LDPE, first in a mechanical dry mixer, and subsequently homogenized by melt compounding in an extruder at about 160 °C. Standard tensile test bars and plate-shaped samples were produced from these homogeneous compounds by injection molding. The effects of adding hydrolyzed powder coating wastes on the properties of LDPE were determined by mechanical, thermal, and morphological tests. Tensile strength and perforation threshold of the sample filled with powder coating wastes decreased to some extent compared to un-filled sample. However, an increase in izod impact and bending strengths has been observed. The results of this investigation demonstrate that powder coating wastes with thermoset structure can be used as fillers in LDPE.
AtıfScopus13WoS15OpenAlex16İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ1Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of powder coating waste reinforced acetal copolymer
Kismet, Yilmaz; Wagner, Manfred H.
The present study investigates the individual effects of three different thermosetting waste materials, used as fillers, on the mechanical, thermal and flow properties of acetal copolymers (POM). Different amounts ranging from 5% to 30% by weight of hydrolyzed powder coating recyclates were mixed as filler material in POM. The matrix and the fillers were first dry-mixed and then compounds were prepared through melt extrusion. The resulting compounds were cooled, granulated, and then standard tensile test bars were produced through use of an injection-molding machine. We investigated the mechanical and thermal properties of test specimens, and tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength were evaluated as a function of type and amount of filler material in the POM matrix. In addition, the change in melt flow index of POM/filler mixtures was determined, before and after extrusion. Furthermore, the morphology of the specimens was examined via electron microscopy. The results of this investigation are encouraging and present an innovative approach to reutilize hydrolyzed electrostatic powder coating wastes with thermoset structures as fillers in acetal copolymers.
AtıfScopus10WoS8OpenAlex13İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2019Scopus SJRQ3Utilizing hydrolyzed powder recyclates as filler in polystyrene; [Verwendung von hydrolisierten Pulverlackrecyclaten als Füllstoff in Polystyrol]
Kismet, Y.; Wagner, M.H.
In the present study, hydrolyzed powder coating wastes were used as filler materials in polystyrene compounds, and the effect on the mechanical properties, melt flow index and density of polystyrene compounds were investigated. Epoxy/polyester, epoxy and polyurethane systems with thermoset structure were used as powder coating recyclates. After separately hydrolyzing these wastes, 5 %, 10 %, 20 % and 30 % by weight were homogeneously mixed with polystyrene, initially mechanically and subsequently with an extruder in the melt at 180 °C. The resulting compounds were cooled and granulated, and by use of an injection molding machine at 180 °C to 200 °C, standard tensile test bars were produced. Tensile strength, bending strength and izod impact strength of the test bars were measured and the variations of the mechanical properties of the polystyrene compounds as a function of the type and amount of filler were examined. In addition, melt flow index and density of the compounds were determined. Furthermore, the bonding mechanism of filler and matrix material was examined by electron microscopy.
AtıfScopus2WoS2OpenAlex3İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ2Mechanical and flow properties of blends of polypropylene and powder coating recyclates with and without addition of maleic anhydride
Kismet, Yilmaz; Wagner, Manfred H.
In this research, from 10% to 40% by weight of hydrolyzed powder coating recyclates were used as filler in polypropylene (PP). Firstly, PP and filler were dry-mixed and then, in order to get a homogeneous mixture, were extruded at 180°C. The resulting compounds were cooled and granulated, and by use of an injection molding machine at 180–200°C, standard tensile test bars were produced. Tensile stress, three-point bending strength, and izod impact strength of these specimens containing different types of filler and different filler concentrations were tested. The results are presented, and the effects of type and content of hydrolyzed powder coating waste on the mechanical properties of polypropylene are discussed. Also, the change in melt flow index of polypropylene as a function of filler content is analyzed. Furthermore, the bonding mechanism of filler and matrix material was examined by electron microscopy.
AtıfScopus12WoS10OpenAlex13İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2017Scopus SJRQ3Enhancing the potential of employing thermosetting powder recyclates as filler in LLDPE by structural modifications
Kismet, Yilmaz; Wagner, Manfred H.
Potential of using powder coating recyclates as filler material for polyethylene compounds was investigated. Due to their strong adhesion to the metal surface during compounding at extrusion temperatures higher than 100 degrees C, the coating powder recyclates were chemically modified to facilitate its processing by extrusion and injection molding at higher temperatures. For this purpose, the coating powder recyclates were first hydrolyzed with addition of an alcohol as swelling agent. The deactivated recyclates were mixed at different ratios with the matrix polymer, a linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). The mixtures obtained were then compounded by extrusion and subsequently injection molded to plates to produce specimens for testing. The resulting samples were characterized mechanically by tensile, bending, and impact strength tests. In summary, the powder coatings recyclates can be processed as filler for thermoplastic material, without any adhesion problems up to 160 degrees C and 180 degrees C in the extruder and in the injection molding machine, respectively.
AtıfWoS12OpenAlex13İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2016Investigation of the changes in melt flow indexes (MFI) and densities of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyoxymethylene (POM) related with hydrolyzed powder coating waste amount
Kismet, Yilmaz
In this study, the changes in melt flow indexes and densities of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyoxymethylene (POM) depending on the amount of added Hydrolyzed Powder Coating Waste, have been investigated. Hydrolyzed electrostatic powder coating waste consist of a mixture of waste formed during the thermoplastic and thermoset electrostatic powder coating process. These wastes have been mixed with polyoxymethylene and polyamide separately with different proportions (10%, 20% and 30%) by weight, and the changes in melt flow indexes and densities of these mixtures have been analyzed at certain temperature and pressure. Thus, the change of flow and densities of polyamide 6 (PA6) and the polyoxymethylene (POM) depending on the concentration of Hydrolyzed Powder Coating Waste have been determined and presented.
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