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- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ4Solvent Extraction of Copper from Sulfate Solutions Using Acorga OPT5510; [Extracción de cobre de soluciones de sulfato mediante solventes con Acorga OPT5510]
Karacahan, Mehmet Kayra
This study used a solvent extraction technique with AcorgaOPT5510 extractant in kerosene to examine the extraction of copper ions from the actual leach solution produced after leaching malachite ore in sulfuric acid solutions. On the Cu/Fe separation factor and the effectiveness of copper extraction, the impacts of significant parameters, including stirring speed, contact duration, extractant concentration, beginning solution pH, and temperature, were examined. The following values were chosen as the optimal ones: 1:1, 1.5, 12%, 20 °C, 10 min, 10 min, and 500 rpm for maximum Cu2+ extraction from the aqueous-phase, aqueous/organic phase ratio, equilibrium pH of the aqueous phase, extractant concentration, temperature, contact time, settling time, and stirring speed. Under these conditions, 94% of the copper in the leach solution was removed, yielding about 40.09 Cu/Fe separation factor. A McCabe-Thiele plot was revealed, and it was shown that a two-step extraction procedure would yield the best results. Furthermore, employing a sulfuric acid concentration of 4 mol·L-1 for 10 minutes, the loaded organic phase was stripped and recovered 91% copper.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2Solvent extraction of rare earth elements and α-alumina production from pregnant leaching solution obtained from Turkish bauxite-related ore
Erust, Ceren; Uysal, Turan
The use of bauxite-related shales as a secondary source for the extraction of rare earth elements (REEs) is very important to meet the raw material supply, which is the keystone of advanced technology applications. This study presents the investigation into the recovery of REEs from Kızıldağ shale ore and the potential utilization of its leach residue as a silica source. Mineralogical analysis revealed that the ore predominantly consists of paragonite, muscovite, quartz, pyrophyllite, and calcite. Calcined ore was subjected to acid leaching, and the resulting pregnant solution was purified using solvent extraction to separate from aluminum the ∑REEs with a content of 1887.35 ppm. Optimal solvent extraction conditions 1.5 M D2EHPA, 50% O/A ratio, pH 1.5, and 15-minute mixing time achieved 95% total REE extraction, with efficiency in the order Pr > La > Nd > Ce > Dy > Y > Sc. To purify Al from the Fe- and K-rich solution post-SX, electrolysis was performed, resulting in 97.16% precipitation efficiency of Al as Al(OH)3 at pH 5. The precipitate was subsequently roasted at 1100°C to produce α-alumina with 75.2% Al2O3 content. These findings confirm the technical feasibility of recovering REEs and producing coarse-purity alumina from Kızıldağ shale ore.
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İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ1The Extraction of Rare-Earth Elements (REEs) from Spent Nickel–Metal Hydride (Ni–MH) Batteries by Bifunctional Ionic Liquids (Bif-ILs): Process Optimization and Kinetics Modeling
Erust, Ceren
The cathode material of nickel–metal hydride (Ni–MH) batteries includes nickel, cobalt, and rare-earth elements (REEs) such as La, Ce, Nd, and Pr, which are among the critical raw materials (CRMs). Ionic liquids as the environmentally friendly approaches are proposed by various investigations for the extraction of critical metals from spent Ni–MH batteries. In this study, three different Bifunctional Ionic Liquids (Bif-ILs) were designed for comparative studies, namely Aliquat 336–Cyanex 272 (AL–CY), Aliquat 336–PC88A (AL–PC), and Aliquat 336–D2EHPA (AL–D2). The extraction results indicated that temperature has a direct effect on the extraction of critical metals in the presence of all Bif-ILs. Among three types of Bif-ILs, AL–D2 has an optimal extraction power (La: 98.8%, Ce: 94.2%, Nd: 99.2%, and Pr: 98.4%) after precipitation of 99.99% of Ni and Co. Furthermore, kinetics modeling is used for reaction mechanisms investigation. Results indicated that the mixed controlled model by shrinking core model (diffusion controlled and chemical reaction controlled) was the best model fitted to all data (coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.90). according to the Arrhenius equation, activation energies for all REEs in the presence of all Bif-ILs are between 13 and 42 kJ/mol that reflects a mixed controlled reaction.
AtıfScopus2OpenAlex2İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ2Recovery of Cu(II) by Acorga M5640 After Leaching of Malachite Ore in Perchloric Acid Solutions
Demirkıran, Nizamettin; Tanaydın, Mehmet Kayra
Abstract: In the present study, the recovery of Cu2+ from the resulting actual leach solution after the leaching of malachite ore in perchloric acid solutions was examined by applying the solvent extraction method. The organic phase was prepared using Acorga M5640 and kerosene. The effects of the initial pH of solution, extractant concentration, Cu2+ concentration, temperature, and stirring speed on the extraction process were investigated. It was determined that the extraction yield increased with an increase in the extractant concentration, initial pH of aqueous solution, stirring speed, and temperature, and with a decrease in the concentration of Cu2+. To prevent or minimize Zn2+ transfer to the organic phase and to ensure maximum Cu2+ extraction from the aqueous phase, the optimal values for the initial pH of the aqueous phase, initial concentration of Cu2+, extractant concentration, temperature, and stirring speed were selected to be 1, 0.152 g/L, 4% (v/v), 25 °C, and 400 rpm, respectively. The stoichiometry and mechanism of the extraction process were determined applying the equilibrium slope method. The changes in the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy were determined. The changes in these thermodynamic parameters were calculated to be − 3.87 kJ/mol, 64.67 kJ/mol, and 0.23 kJ/(mol K), respectively. Graphical Abstract: The extraction percentage of Cu2+ increases substantially when the initial pH of the leach solution increases from 0.1 to 1. The further increase in the initial pH above 1 does not create an increase in the extraction extent of Cu2+. When the initial pH of the leach solution is higher than 1, the amount of Zn2+ transferred from the aqueous phase to the organic phase increases significantly.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].
AtıfScopus7WoS5OpenAlex9İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ3Kinetic models for the extraction of copper by Acorga M5640 after leaching of malachite ore in perchloric acid solutions and the stripping of copper from loaded organic phase
Tanaydın, Mehmet Kayra; Demirkıran, Nizamettin
In the present work, the extraction kinetics of copper using the resulting actual leach solution obtained from the leaching of malachite ore in perchloric acid solutions and the stripping kinetics of copper from the loaded organic phase were examined. The organic phase was prepared by using Acorga M5640 and kerosene. In the extraction process, the effects of the initial pH of aqueous solution, initial concentration of copper, extractant concentration, temperature, and stirring speed on the extraction rate were investigated. In the stripping process, the effects of the concentration of perchloric acid, temperature, stirring speed, and extractant concentration on the stripping rate were examined. It was determined that the extraction rate increased with increasing the initial pH of aqueous solution, stirring speed, extractant concentration and temperature, and with decreasing the initial concentration of copper ions. In the stripping process, it was observed that the stripping rate increased with increasing the concentration of perchloric acid, temperature and stirring speed, and with decreasing the extractant concentration. It was determined that both the solvent extraction and stripping processes could be described by the first order pseudo homogenous reaction model. The activation energy for the extraction and stripping processes was calculated to be 50.04 kJ/mol and 32.42 kJ/mol, respectively.
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