Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1537
  Integrating experimental and atomistic insights into the rejuvenation of aged binder using bio-based rejuvenators

  Kurban, Mustafa; Yalcin, Beyza Furtana; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Akpinar, Sinan; Kök, Baha Vural; Hekim, Seda; Özdemir, Ahmet Münir; Yalcin, Erkut; Göktaş, Fahrettin

  This study integrates experimental and computational methods to evaluate the rejuvenation performance of an aged asphalt binder using two novel bio-based additives, 1T and 2T. The aged binder, sourced from reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), was modified with 25 wt% of each rejuvenator (denoted as 1T25 and 2T25, respectively). SARA (Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, Asphaltenes) fractionation and colloidal indices were used to assess compositional recovery. Both additives increased aromatic and resin contents while reducing asphaltenes. The 2T-modified binder achieved the highest colloidal stability (Ic = 0.29) and the most pronounced improvement in stability indicators (CI and Ic) among the tested systems. Complementary molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the COMPASSII force field modeled the structural and thermodynamic behavior of RAP and rejuvenated systems. The 2T25 system exhibited higher density and more compact molecular packing, suggesting stronger cohesive organization and reduced free volume, whereas 1T25 showed greater molecular spacing and flexibility. RDF analysis and converged thermodynamic/structural trajectories (energy, temperature, cell length, and density stabilization) further supported rejuvenator-dependent rearrangement of packing during equilibration. Overall, MD acts as a mechanistic bridge that interprets experimental SARA/CI/Ic trends and supports design-oriented development of sustainable rejuvenators.

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  AtıfScopus2·OpenAlex1

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1224
  Sustainable material pathways: Utilizing biomass-derived bio-oils from agricultural wastes to restore aged asphalt binder properties

  Yalcin, Beyza Furtana; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Yalcin, Erkut; Kok, Baha Vural

  This study explores the valorization of agricultural biomass wastes into high-value bio-based materials by evaluating the performance of pyrolysis-derived bio-oils obtained from straw, pine cone, and olive pomace for the rejuvenation of aged asphalt binders. The effectiveness of these biomass-derived bio-oils was comparatively assessed against two commercial rejuvenators to enhance binder reusability using renewable resources. The optimum rejuvenator dosages were determined through penetration, viscosity, and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests, while the associated physical and chemical modifications were investigated using FTIR, SEM-EDS, and elemental analyses. Penetration and viscosity results indicated that all rejuvenators significantly reduced binder stiffness and improved fluidity. DSR analysis indicated that increasing rejuvenator content reduced G∗/sin δ values, reflecting a decrease in binder stiffness and a softening effect of the rejuvenators, which contributes to restoring the viscoelastic balance of the aged binder. FTIR results demonstrated that biomass-derived bio-oils, particularly those from pine cone and straw, effectively reduced carbonyl (C=O) and sulfoxide (S=O) functional groups, indicating strong chemical rejuvenation. SEM-EDS analyses showed that the heterogeneous and porous morphology of bio-oils promoted improved interaction with the asphalt binder. Based on the combined results of the three experimental approaches, the optimum rejuvenator dosages were identified as 25% for commercial products, 35% for pine cone and olive pomace bio-oils, and 45% for straw bio-oil. Overall, the findings highlight that biomass-derived bio-oils produced via pyrolysis offer a sustainable and performance-effective pathway for converting agricultural residues into value-added materials, supporting circular bioenergy and biomass utilization strategies.

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  AtıfScopus2·WoS3·OpenAlex3

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• MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/2888
  EFFECTS OF USING STYRENE-ISOPRENE-STYRENE AND CRUMB RUBBER ON RUTTING POTENTIAL AND AGING PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN

  Kök, Baha Vural; Yalçin, Beyza Furtana; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Yalçin, Erkut

  The crumb rubber (CR) obtained from waste vehicle tires is gaining attention from the researchers because of its contribution to performance besides having low cost and environmental-friendly characteristic. In this study the effects of using styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) together with CR on rutting and aging properties of binders were evaluated by dynamic shear rheometer, softening point and viscosity tests. B 160/220 (PG 58) pure bitumen was modified in 13 different combinations with different contents of additives. The combined use of SIS and CR was compared with the high rate of SIS and CR modifications individually. It was determined that the combined use of 2% SIS and 7% CR by weight of bitumen provides an economical and superior performance that cannot be achieved with individual SIS or CR modifications. The binary binders were able to preserve their elastic properties after aging better than the individual SIS and CR modifications.

  AtıfScopus5

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/2578
  Research on the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Modified by Fume Silica and Crumb Rubber Compound

  Akpolat, Mustafa; Kök, Baha Vural; Aydoğmuş, Ercan

  This study investigates the effect of using Fume Silica (Aerosol 300) alone and together with crumb rubber (CR) in bitumen modification on the traditional and rheological properties of the binder and compares it to the SBS modified binder. Using the aerosol additive in the binder at the rates of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% were determined as the most convenient ratio and CR+aerosol modified binders were prepared per this ratio. The binders were subjected to the softening point, viscosity, frequency sweep, bending beam rheometer (BBR), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests in the context of the study. Besides, the optimum conditions were determined according to the response functions by designing an experiment with statistical regression according to the Response surface methodology (RSM). The results indicate that the optimum aerosol ratio is 1.5%. With the use of 1.5% aerosol in 6% CR modification per bitumen weight, it was found that (1) the softening point increases and the temperature sensitivity decrease in comparison to other binders, (2) the consistency of the binder increases, (3) the complex modulus values increase and become more resistant to rutting, (4) the low-temperature parameters enhance by performing more flexible behavior, (5) there may be physical changes in the structure even though there is no chemical reaction in the binder with the use of CR and aerosol additives, and (6) the experimental data and theoretical data obtained from the RSM method are consistent as per the statistical analysis.

  AtıfScopus9·WoS7·OpenAlex10

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/2771
  Investigation on the properties of new palm-oil-based polyurethane modified bitumen

  Vural Kök, Baha; Aydoğmuş, Ercan; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Akpolat, Mustafa

  Polyurethane-derived polymer synthesized by the reaction of 4.4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) with the new modified palm-oil-based polyol was used as an alternative additive to thermoplastic-elastomers, such as styrene–butadienestyrene (SBS), the most commonly used additive. The study aimed to investigate the effect of polyurethane (PU) modification on the rheological and chemical structure of base bitumen. The softening point, rotational viscosity, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), multi-stress creep recovery (MSCR), bending beam rheometer (BBR), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) tests were conducted on the binders. The effects of curing time and temperature, isocyanate/hydroxyl (NCO/OH) molar ratio, and PU content were examined and the best modification conditions were determined. It was found that 24 h curing conditions at 85 °C were sufficient for the formation of PU bonds and these processes increased the rutting parameter of the binder by 256% compared to 1 h curing. At 50 °C and a frequency of 5 Hz, the binder with a 4:1 NCO/OH ratio had 63% more complex modulus than the binder with a 10:1 NCO/OH ratio. The 7 wt% PU modified binder had the same performance level as 4% SBS modification and 10 wt% PU modified binder was one degree higher. Moreover, above 60 °C, all the PU modified binders gave lower phase angles compared to the 4% SBS modified binder. 7 wt% PU modified binder showed similar elastic properties against cracks at low temperatures compared to the 4% SBS modified binder. The use of palm oil in the synthesis of PU presents an environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution compared to the use of petrochemical derivatives.

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  AtıfScopus56·WoS53·OpenAlex60

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/4907
  Performance and Aging Characteristics of Hot Mixture Asphalt with Crumb Rubber and Warm Mix Asphalt Additives

  Akpolat, Mustafa; Kök, Baha Vural; Yilmaz, Mehmet

  In this study, the mixes prepared using crumb rubber (CR) and binders with warm mix additives were aged through various aging methods (1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks at 60 degrees C in the laboratory; 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months under the environmental conditions; and AASHTO R30) and examined in terms of performance and aging index. The indirect tensile strength (ITS), indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM), and fatigue tests were applied to the pure and the CR,CR+Sasobit, andCR+Evothermmodified aged and nonaged mixes, and the aging indexes were determined according to the results obtained. According to the test results,CR+Sasobitwas found to be the best mix in terms of mechanical properties. Using the warm asphalt additives in the CR modification was determined to decrease the aging indexes and retarded the aging. Also determined was that a high correlation exists between the aging at 60 degrees C in the laboratory and the aging under the environmental conditions. Based on the fatigue test results, AASHTO R30 short-term aging (4 h at 135 degrees C) was determined to cause structural deterioration in the mixes and yielded low load repetition relative to the pure mixes. Therefore, using this method for the short-term aging of the CR modified mixes would not be appropriate. When the tests applied were evaluated in terms of the aging indexes, the fatigue test was found to be the most sensitive method for detecting aging in the pure mixes and mixes with additives. (C) 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.

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  AtıfWoS17·OpenAlex15

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/4708
  Performance Evaluation of Using Evotherm in SBS Modified Binder

  Kök, Baha Vural; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Akpolat, Mustafa

  Recently, various types of additives are being used to enhance the properties of bitumen. Until now, few researchers have handled the utilization of different additives in the same binder. In this study, styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and Evotherm were used both separately and in the same blend. Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR) tests were applied to SBS and Evotherm modified binders. SBS and Evotherm were added to pure bitumen in three different ratios. Sixteen different combinations were produced using the two additives, and a pure binder in the same binder was evaluated in the DSR test. Eight different combinations were evaluated in the BBR test. The conclusion reached was that the maximum usage of Evotherm (0.9%) induces a 20% reduction in the rutting parameter of both the 5% and 6% SBS modified binders. The 0.5% Evotherm with 4% and 5% SBS modification does not have an adverse effect on rutting performance. Evotherm modification could prevent the stiffness increment that originates from using the SBS additive, especially at high content. Using 0.7% Evotherm with 4% SBS can acquire the pure binder's low temperature performance. (c) 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.

  AtıfWoS11

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/3332
  Effect of gilsonite use on storage stability of styrene-butadiene-styrene modified bitumen

  Yalçın, Erkut; Çeloğlu, M. Ertuğrul; Akpolat, Mustafa; Yamaç, Özge Erdoğan; Alataş, Taner; Kök, Baha Vural; Yılmaz, Mehmet

  Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer is one of the most preferred additives to improve performance in hot mix asphalt pavements. The storage instability, in other words, the separation of a polymer-rich phase from the bitumen-rich phase in the course of storage and transportation is one of the prevalent problems in SBS modified bitumen. The present study attempted to obtain modified bitumen at the same performance level with the SBS modified bitumen, but stable with respect to the storage stability. For this purpose, both SBS and American Gilsonite (AG) were used in modified bitumen production. It was determined that modified bitumen at the same performance level was obtained with the use of 5 % SBS or 18 % AG in bitumen modification. It was also determined that the performance levels of the modified bitumen obtained with the use of 2 % SBS + 13 % AG, 3 % SBS + 10 % AG and 4 % SBS + 6 % AG were similar. Additionally, 2 %, 3 % and 4 % SBS modified bitumen were used for the assessment of storage stability properties of the SBS modified binders. These 8 different modified bitumen samples were tested for storage stability based on the EN 13399 standard. Penetration, softening point, rotational viscometer, bending beam rheometer, and dynamic shear rheometer tests were conducted on the samples. Based on all conducted tests, it was determined that more stable binders were obtained with the use of AG and SBS in terms of storage stability compared to solely SBS modified bitumen.

  AtıfScopus18·WoS15·OpenAlex15

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/4540
  Performance evaluation of crumb rubber and paraffin modified stone mastic asphalt

  Kök, Baha Vural; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Akpolat, Mustafa

  Recently, crumb rubber (CR) obtained from waste tires and Fischer-Tropsch paraffin are mostly used in bitumen modification to improve the performance of bituminous mixtures. Each of these additives affects the different properties of mixtures. There are limited studies in the literature about the combined usage of additive in the same mixture to utilize the different characteristics. In this study, the stability, stiffness, fatigue resistance, permanent deformation resistance, and moisture susceptibility characteristics of the stone mastic asphalt prepared with the bitumen modified with CR and paraffin were examined and compared with the control mixture. It was determined that CR-modified mixtures showed significantly more elastic characteristics. The mixture in which the 10% CR and 3% paraffin were used together gave better results in terms of moisture susceptibility and fatigue resistance when compared with the control mixture. It was determined that the use of paraffin together with CR contributed to the improved performance, and was in accordance with the CR in terms of mechanical characteristics of stone mastic asphalt.

  AtıfWoS12·OpenAlex13

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