Modeling of Optimal Power Generation in Small Hydropower Plants

Small hydropower plants (SHPs) have gained international attention as a reliable and versatile renewable energy source. Unfortunately, this energy source is not used efficiently. This is because these systems utilize headwaters with lower water capacity called forebays instead of large water reservoirs like dams. Since this hinders the control of electricity generation, the headwater is either wasted before it can be converted into electricity or it is exhausted very quickly and electricity generation stops after a short time. The aim of this study is to prevent the loss of electricity generation through the efficient use of SHP headwater. For this purpose, a mathematical model was created based on two SHPs operating in tandem. The mathematical model obtained was analyzed, and forebay water level simulation graphs for electricity generation at water flowrates of 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 kg/h were obtained. With the help of the obtained graphs, critical wicket gate openings for maximum electricity generation at flowrates of 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 kg/h were calculated. The results of this study are applicable to all SHPs. These results are also promising in terms of optimizing the use of a renewable energy source.