Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/4586
  Investigation of Dielectric Constant and Electrical Conductivity of Poly(MA-co-MMA)/Ce(NO3)3 Composites by Response Surface Methodology for Advanced Dielectric Applications

  Torgut, Gulben; Incesu, Rabia

  In this study, poly(maleic anhydride-co-methyl methacrylate) [poly(MA-co-MMA)] copolymer and their Ce(NO3)3-filled composites were synthesized and systematically investigated. The copolymer was prepared via free radical polymerization using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator in 1,4-dioxane medium. Poly(MA-co-MMA)/Ce(NO3)3 composites were fabricated through a solution mixing technique in accordance with the response surface methodology (RSM) design. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that no significant chemical interaction occurred between the polymer molecule and Ce(NO3)3 particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed a relatively uniform dispersion of Ce(NO3)3 particles within the polymer, resulting in a rougher surface with increasing filler content and that aggregation occurs at 20 wt%. The presence of Ce(NO3)3 particles in the polymer was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The effects of frequency, applied voltage, and Ce(NO3)3 content on dielectric constant (epsilon) and electrical conductivity (sigma) were optimized using RSM, and the significance of these parameters was evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). An increase in Ce(NO3)3 content significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity, while the applied voltage exhibited no statistically significant effect on dielectric properties. ANOVA results identified Ce(NO3)3 content as the most influential parameter in the developed model.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/996
  Evaluation of electrical properties of poly(NIPA-co-St) composites containing neodymium and yttrium

  Cetinkaya, Ebru; Karaaslan Ayhan, Nagihan; Torgut, Gulben

  In this study, firstly, to obtain neodymium (Nd) and yttrium (Y)-containing composite materials, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-copolymer-styrene) (poly(NIPA-co-St)) copolymer was synthesized by free radical polymerization method using N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) and styrene (St) monomers. Secondly, new composite materials were obtained by adding neodymium and yttrium to this copolymer at different weight ratios (10% and 20%). Structural and morphological characterizations of poly(NIPA-co-St) copolymer, poly(NIPA-co-St)-10%Nd, poly(NIPA-co-St)-20%Nd, poly(NIPA-co-St)-10%Y and poly(NIPA-co-St)-20%Y composite materials were carried out. The electrical properties of the copolymer and composite materials were evaluated by considering the frequency dependence of the dielectric constant (έ), dielectric loss (ε″) and electrical conductivity (σac) properties. At 100 Hz, the έ, ε″, and σac values of the copolymer were 5.12, 0.05, and 2.29 × 10−10 S/cm, respectively. With the addition of 10% Nd, the έ, ε″, and σac values at 100 Hz were calculated as 6.57, 0.10, and 1.79 × 10−9 S/cm, respectively, while with the addition of 20% Nd, these values were calculated as 8.39, 0.15, and 4.78 × 10−8 S/cm at 100 Hz. With the addition of 10% Y, the έ, ε″, and σac values at 100 Hz were calculated as 6.56, 0.053, and 1.81 × 10−9 S/cm, respectively, while with the addition of 20% Y, these values were calculated as 8.57, 0.0058, and 3.70 × 10−8 S/cm at 100 Hz. It can be stated that as the amount of Nd and Y additives to the poly(NIPA-co-St) copolymer increases, the έ, ε″, and σac values increase, indicating an improvement in electrical properties with the addition of Nd and Y elements.

  AtıfOpenAlex1

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/1393
  Synthesis of New Copolymer and Genotoxic Effects on Triticum aestivum L. (Wheat) Root Tip Cells

  Taşar, Neslihan; Torgut, Gülben

  In the present study, a copolymer of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) and sodium acrylate was synthesized with the Solution Polymerization Technique. The purpose was to uncover the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on root tip cells of the Triticum aestivum L. plant germinated with this polymer at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 ppm). The deposition of poly(DMAA-co-NaAc) copolymer in the study sample T. aestivum was demonstrated with the FTIR, UV–VIS spectroscopy analysis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), SEM Element Map, and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) Spectrum. All concentrations of the poly(DMAA-co-NaAc) copolymer caused a decrease in the Mitotic Index (MI). The poly(DMAA-co-NaAc) copolymer caused various mitotic abnormalities such as loss of genetic material, deconstructed prophase, adhesion, chromosome groupings in metaphase, deconstructed metaphase, C-metaphase, chromosomal loss, chromosomal fracture, deconstructed anaphase, lagging chromosome, fragment, polar aberration, bridge, advancing, star anaphase, multipolarity, and deconstructed telophase. Study results show that poly(DMAA-co-NaAc) copolymer will cause abnormalities in mitosis as a result of its uptake by plants. These results also show that the poly(DMAA-co-NaAc) polymer, which affects organisms, must be produced in a controlled setting to reduce its accumulation in nature and ultimately disposed of in a way that will not harm the environment.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/1061
  Effect of Nano Titanium Dioxide on the Electrical and Thermal Properties of Poly(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl Methacrylate) for Dielectric Materials

  Barım, Esra; Torgut, Gülben

  The increasing application areas of energy storage devices in recent years make it necessary to produce materials with sufficient efficiency. In this study, composites of poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) P(TFEM) homopolymer with nano titanium dioxide (TiO2 NPs) were prepared for applications of these devices requiring thermoelectric properties, and their thermal, dielectric, and electrical properties were investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that TiO2 NPs in all composites limited the thermal diffusion of TiO2 NPs in the polymer matrix and increased the thermal stability of P(TFEM) from 341°C to 361.5°C. As dielectric properties, the dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″), AC conductivity (σac), and real (Z′) and imaginary (Z″) components of impedance of the composites containing TiO2 NPs were evaluated as functions of frequency and different weight percentages of TiO2 NPs. Increases in ε′ and ε″ at up to 15 wt% TiO2 NPs suggested increased dipole polarization. At 100 Hz, the ε″ value of P(TFEM) increased from 3.2 × 10−2 to 1.1 × 10−2, σac increased from 4.98 × 10−10 to 1.00 × 10−8, Z′ increased from 3.67 × 1010 to 8.66 × 1010, and Z″ increased from 2.09 × 108 to 4.42 × 108. Furthermore, ε′, ε″, and impedance decreased with increasing frequency for both P(TFEM) and TiO2 NPs composites, while σac increased with increasing frequency.

  AtıfScopus3·OpenAlex5

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• MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/928
  Response surface method (RSM) for optimization of electrical properties of polymer/CdS composites for dielectric capacitors

  Torğut, Gülben; İncesu, Rabia

  This paper aims to present the statistical evaluation of dielectric constant (έ) and conductivity (σ) performance of composites preparing Maleic Anhydride (MA) and Styrene (St) polymer with various amounts of Cadmium Sülfide (CdS) by analysis of variance (ANOVA) model. For this purpose, frequency, applied voltage and CdS amount at different weight percentages were selected as input factors while dielectric constant and conductivity of the composites were selected as the response. Analysis of input factors was performed, RSM method was designed and used for estimation of response factor. From the analysis results, we found that high values of dielectric constant and conductivity were strongly related to frequency and CdS amount. However, we found that applied voltage in the selected ranges did not have a significant effect on both factors. The structural properties of the composites were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The presence of CdS in polymers has been proven by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The thermal properties of polymers were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

  AtıfScopus1·WoS2·OpenAlex2

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• MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/2189
  Development of a novel rare earth element doped chitosan-graft-poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) composite for biomedical applications: synthesis, characterization, drug delivery, and antibacterial properties

  Gürler, N.; Torǧut, G.; Yazdıç, F.C.; Karaman, A.; Karaaslan Ayhan, N.

  The films of chitosan-graft-poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) polymer (Ch—g-poly(HEMA)) doped with the rare earth element (REE) lanthanum (La content of 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 wt.%) were fabricated. The films were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The films obtained were loaded with a model drug tetracycline by freezing/thawing method. The cumulative drug release properties of tetracycline were investigated. The release of tetracycline from the polymer matrix was carried out in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 °C. It was found that the REE-doped composite films had a retarding effect on tetracycline drug release compared to that of the undoped film. All tested composites regardless of the REE dopant content were found to be active against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacterial strains used to assess the antimicrobial properties of the polymer composites. These findings demonstrated that lanthanum and tetracycline have a high affinity for the Ch—g-poly(HEMA) polymer and suggested a synergistic effect in the polymer—lanthanum—tetracycline system. The La3+-doped Ch—g-poly(HEMA) composite film can be used as drug carrier system in the biomedical field.

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  AtıfScopus4·WoS4·OpenAlex3

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• MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/1884
  Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and optical studies of poly(AN-co-St) composites with doped lanthanum (III) chloride for aerospace applications

  Aydin, Handan; Torgut, Gülben

  In this study, firstly, the copolymer of acrylonitrile (AN) and styrene (St) was synthesized by solution polymerization method using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The composites of copolymer incorporating lanthanum (III) chloride (3, 6, 9 and 18 wt%), the rare earth element (REE), were prepared and thin films were produced by thermal evaporation method for optical measurement. The samples were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The glass transition temperature, which is one of the thermal properties of the synthesized copolymers and composites, was examined with a differential thermal analyzer. The changes in the optical properties of the samples produced with LaCl3 dopant were investigated using the UV–VIS spectroscopy. The optical band gaps of the samples were calculated using Tauc equation. As a result of the optical studies, it was observed that there was a change in the conductivity properties of the samples with the addition of LaCl3. The present results showed the advantage of using LaCl3 as a filler to improve the optical properties of poly(AN-co-St) samples.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/1853
  Enhanced impedance, electrical conductivity, dielectric properties for colloidal starch-g-poly (methyl methacrylate) supported with semiconductor cadmium sulfide

  Torğut, Gülben; Gürler, Nedim

  In this study, starch-graft-poly (methyl methacrylate) (starch-g-PMMA) composites doped with different amounts (5, 10, and 15 wt%) of cadmium sulfide (CdS) particles were fabricated for electrical measurements using in-situ polymerization technique. The structural characterization of the samples was studied. The dielectric and conductivity properties of the composites were investigated using impedance analyzer depending on the frequency (100 Hz–20 kHz) at room temperature. Spectroscopy revealed that the dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε′′), and real (Z) components of impedance are found to decrease with increasing frequency for both starch-g-PMMA and starch-g-PMMA (5, 10, and 15 wt%) composites. On the contrary, the AC conductivity (σac) of samples increased with increasing frequency. In addition, ε′ and ε′′ values of starch-g-PMMA were lower than composites that added CdS. When the CdS content increased from 0 to 15%, ε′ increased from 5.62 to 15.10 at 100 Hz. AC conductivity was improved after adding the CdS particles. The maximum conductivity value for starch-g-PMMA15%CdS is found to be 3.07 × 10–7 at 100 Hz. When the dielectric properties of composites are evaluated, it is concluded that it is an exciting material for electronic applications in technology.

  AtıfScopus9·WoS8·OpenAlex10

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/1565
  Structural, Dielectric, and Electrical Properties of Chitosan Composites Doped with Silver for Electrochemical Applications

  Ayhan, Nagihan Karaaslan; Torgut, Gulben

  In this study, chitosan-silver (Chs-Ag) composites containing Ag in different concentrations (0.01–0.08 M) were prepared. The characterization and structure studies of the composites containing 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 M Ag were carried out, and then the dielectric properties of these composites were examined. The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dielectric and electrical properties of these composites were investigated depending on the frequency at room temperature, and these properties were determined using an impedance analyzer. Spectroscopy revealed that the dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε′′), and real (Z′) and imaginary (Z″) components of impedance are found to decrease with increased frequency for both Chs and Chs-Ag (0.01M–0.08 M) composites. On the contrary, the AC conductivity (σac) of samples increased with increasing frequency. ε′ and ε′′ values of Chs were lower than when the Ag was added. The AC conductivity was improved by the addition of silver particles. The results show that the dielectric and electrical properties of Chs-Ag samples were improved by using Ag as filler.

  AtıfScopus3·WoS3·OpenAlex4

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• MakaleYalnız künye2023Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/2951
  Improving dielectric properties, electrical conductivity, and thermal properties of biodegradable polymer composites prepared with lanthanum

  Torgut, Gulben; Ayhan, Nagihan Karaaslan; Acikses, Aslisah

  The precipitation method was adapted to synthesize the poly(ε-caprolactone-copolymer- ethylene oxide) (ε-CL-co-EO) composite with the salt of lanthanum (La), a rare earth element. This salt was incorporated into the polymer of different weight percentages to study how it affects the thermal and dielectric properties of the polymer. The resulting products were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis. XRD and SEM data show that the polymer mixes homogeneously with the metal salt. Thermal degradation data show that the thermal stability of composites synthesized with La is lower than that of pure polymer. The dielectric properties and A.C conductivity measurements of the composites were investigated by using impedance analyzer in the frequency range (100 Hz to 20 kHz) at room temperature. The electrical property results of (ε-CL-co-EO)/La composites displayed that dielectric constant (έ), dielectric loss (ε"), tan delta (tan δ) and A.C electrical conductivity (σac) increase with increasing La content. The largest conductivity of (ε-CL-co-EO)/La composite filled with 20 wt% La was 8.80 × 10−8 S/cm, which was 162% times pure (ε-CL-co-EO). In addition, impedance (IZI) of composites was evaluated from the dielectric data. This procedure is eco-friendly and easy to handle, which provides a promising route to polymer composites in the application of the conductivity field.

  AtıfScopus6·WoS6·OpenAlex7

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