Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/988
  Determination of microplastic contamination and phthalate ester migration in canned and frozen packaged seafood: A probabilistic human health risk assessment via Monte Carlo simulation

  Macit, Arife; Köktürk, Mine; Serdar, Osman; Alak, Gonca

  This research was designed to identify the levels of microplastics (MP) and phthalate esters (PAE) in canned and frozen packaged fish and to assess the human health risks associated with these pollutants. Analyses were carried out on a total of 25 sample groups, including 10 different canned tuna samples, 9 different packaged seafood products, and 6 different packaging materials. Microplastics were characterized and polymer identification was performed using μ-Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, while PAEs were determined by GC–MS/MS. The obtained data were used to calculate estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard index (HI), hazard quotient (HQ), and cancer risk (CR), and uncertainty was assessed using Monte Carlo simulation. The findings revealed that both microplastic and phthalate exposure were higher in the frozen fish group than in canned products. The highest MP concentrations were recorded in packaged Whiting B (0.73 ± 0.25 items/g) and oil-added canned tuna (0.57 ± 0.15 items/g). Regarding PAEs, while DEHP and DBP were generally prominent, significant peak concentrations of BBP and DNOP were also identified, reaching 1.91 ± 0.01 ppm for BBP in canned tuna with sunflower oil and 1.84 ± 0.01 ppm in packaged whiting. Furthermore, higher exposure was observed in males for most PAEs. HQ and HI values were below 1 (maximum HI: 1.57 × 10−2 for males consuming frozen seafood), while CR values remained within an acceptable range (4.74 × 10−7 to 3.49 × 10−6). In conclusion, health risks related to processed fish consumption appear generally low; however, processing and packaging may contribute to contamination and warrant further investigation.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/705
  Influence of apple pomace and asparaginase on acrylamide levels in cookies and behavior during simulated gastric digestion: risk assessment perspectives

  Sevim, Sumeyra; Macit, Arife; Farıa, Miguel A.; Viegas, Olga; Cunha, Sara C.; Kizil, Mevlude; Ferreira, Isabel M.P.L.V.O.

  Cookies are widely consumed baked products; however, their contribution to dietary acrylamide (ACR) intake raises increasing health concerns. This study investigated the effects of apple pomace addition and asparaginase treatment on ACR levels in cookies, the fate of ACR during simulated gastric digestion using the INFOGEST semi-dynamic model, and the associated health risks of ACR exposure from cookie consumption. Risk assessment was conducted for adults (18–65 years) and children (3–10 years) using Monte Carlo simulation. Three formulations were evaluated: a control cookie, a cookie in which wheat flour was partially replaced with apple pomace, and a cookie containing asparaginase. Cookies formulated with apple pomace contained significantly lower ACR levels than the control (132 ± 8 μg/kg vs. 215 ± 11 μg/kg; p < 0.05), although the reduction was less pronounced than in cookies containing asparaginase (65 ± 14 μg/kg). During gastric digestion, ACR exhibited formulation-dependent release kinetics. Nevertheless, the total ACR released at the end of digestion was similar for control and pomace cookies, likely due to additional ACR formation in the stomach, despite differences in release patterns throughout digestion. Margin of Exposure (MOE) values for children remained well below 10,000, indicating a potential carcinogenic risk, although reductions of up to 59% were observed for control and pomace cookies after digestion. Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) values showed a slight increase after digestion in both age groups but remained below 1, suggesting no concern for chronic toxicity. Control cookies indicated a potential carcinogenic risk for children (ILCR = 1.56 × 10−4), whereas pomace and asparaginase formulations reduced this risk (ILCR = 9.59 × 10−5 and 4.72 × 10−5, respectively). However, simulated gastric digestion increased ILCR values for both control and pomace cookies (2.24 × 10−4 and 2.33 × 10−4, respectively). These findings indicate that dietary exposure to ACR cannot be assessed solely based on its concentration in food, and that digestive kinetics should be incorporated into health risk assessment.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1579
  Comprehensive metabolite and biological profile of “Sulmona Red Garlic” ecotype's aerial bulbils

  Chiavaroli, Annalisa; Masciulli, Fabrizio; Ingallina, Cinzia; Mannina, Luisa; Maria Loreta, Libero; Di Simone, Simonetta Cristina; Acquaviva, Alessandra; Nilofar; Recinella, Lucia; Leone, Sheila

  “Sulmona Red Garlic” is a well-known Italian traditional product. Bulbs, used for culinary purposes, have been largely investigated for their medicinal properties whereas aerial bulbils are usually removed as waste material. Here, for the first time, chemical composition and biological properties of the hydroalcoholic extract from aerial bulbils were investigated. Complementary information on metabolite composition were obtained using both NMR based untargeted and HPLC-DAD targeted methodologies. The NMR analysis revealed the presence of sugars, organic acids, amino acids, organosulphur compounds (methiin, alliin, allicin and cycloalliin), and other secondary metabolites. In particular, methiin and alliin were identified for the first time in the NMR spectra of aerial bulbil garlic extracts. Polyphenol content was determined by HPLC-DAD analysis: catechin, chlorogenic acid, and gallic acid turned out to be the most abundant phenolics. Hydroalcoholic extract blocked cell proliferation of colon cancer cell line HCT116 with an IC50 of 352.07 µg/mL, while it was non-toxic to myoblast cell line C2C12. In addition, it caused seedling germination reduction of two edible and herbaceous dicotyledon species, namely Cichorium intybus and C. endivia. Moreover, the same extract reduced the gene expression of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor), HIF1-α (hypoxia-inducible factor), VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor), and transient receptor potential (TRP) M8 (TRPM8) indicating the ability to contrast cancer development through the angiogenic pathway. Final, in silico experiments were also carried out supporting the biological effects of organosulphur compounds, particularly alliin, which may directly interact with TRPM8. The results here reported suggest the potential use of garlic aerial bulbils often considered a waste product as a source in phytotherapeutic remedies.

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  AtıfScopus12·OpenAlex13

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/3496
  New insights into the chemical profiling, cytotoxicity and bioactivity of four Bunium species

  Zengin, Gokhan; Paksoy, Mehmet Yavuz; Aumeeruddy, Muhammad Zakariyyah; Glamocilja, Jasmina; Sokovic, Marina; Diuzheva, Alina; Jekő, József; Cziáky, Zoltán; Rodrigues, Maria João; Custodio, Luisa

  Bunium species have been reported to be used both as food and in traditional medicines. The scientific community has attempted to probe into the pharmacological and chemical profiles of this genus. Nonetheless, many species have not been investigated fully to date. In this study, we determined the phenolic components, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory activities of aerial parts of four Bunium species (B. sayai, B. pinnatifolium, B. brachyactis and B. macrocarpum). Results showed that B. microcarpum and B. pinnatifolium were strong antioxidants as evidenced in the DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays. B. brachyactis was the most effective metal chelator, and displayed high enzyme inhibition against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase, glucosidase, and lipase. The four species showed varied antimicrobial activity against each microorganism. Overall, they showed high activity against P. mirabilis and E. coli (MIC and MBC <1 mg mL−1). B. brachyactis was more effective against Aspergillus versicolor compared to the standard drug ketoconazole. B. brachyactis was also more effective than both ketoconazole and bifonazole against Trichoderma viride. B. sayai was more effective than ketoconazole in inhibiting A. fumigatus. B. sayai was most non-toxic to HEK 293 (cellular viability = 117%) and HepG2 (cellular viability = 104%). The highest level of TPC was observed in B. pinnatifolium (35.94 mg GAE g−1) while B. microcarpum possessed the highest TFC (39.21 mg RE g−1). Seventy four compounds were detected in B. microcarpum, 70 in B. brachyactis, 66 in B. sayai, and 51 in B. pinnatifolium. Quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, pantothenic acid, esculin, isoquercitrin, rutin, apigenin, and scopoletin were present in all the four species. This study showed that the four Bunium species are good sources of biologically active compounds with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential.

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  AtıfScopus22·OpenAlex23

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