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- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2Single-Ended Fault Detection and Fault Location in Transmission Lines Using Approximate Derivative
Akdağ, Mustafa; Mamiş, Mehmet Salih; Akmaz, Düzgün
Fault location in power transmission lines (PTLs) relies on impedance or traveling wave (TW) principles. TW approaches offer superior accuracy and high robustness against fault resistance. While multi-ended methods require precise terminal synchronization, single-ended TW (SETW) methods utilize measurements from one terminal, requiring accurate distinction of reflected waves. This study employs the computationally efficient approximate derivative (AD)—the difference between consecutive samples—for SETW fault detection and location. Normally near zero, the AD of modal signals produces sharp transitions during faults. Comparing AD output to a threshold achieves fault detection. The AD then identifies arrival times of the incident and reflected TWs. When using TW theory to distinguish reflections from the fault point and remote end, the fault distance is calculated from their arrival time difference. Validated through 293 diverse ATP simulated fault scenarios, the approach delivered highly accurate results despite using a lower sampling rate than established methods, utilizing an exceptionally short data window—only 2.03 ms for a 300 km line. Finally, operational boundaries for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in noisy conditions are established.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ2Enhancing Fault Location Accuracy in Transmission Lines Using Transient Frequency Spectrum Analysis: An Investigation into Key Factors and Improvement Strategies
Akdağ, Mustafa; Mamiş, Mehmet Salih; Akmaz, Düzgün
Fault location estimation in transmission lines is critical for power system reliability. Various methods have been developed for this purpose, among which transient frequency spectrum analysis (TFSA) stands out as a recent method based on travelling wave (TW) theory. TFSA determines the fault location by analyzing the frequency spectrum of transient currents and/or voltages at the instant of the fault, offering advantages such as independence from fault impedance and the ability to locate faults with one-side measurements. Despite its success in fault location, TFSA has several considerations that warrant detailed investigation. This study explores the effects of source inductance, series compensation, fault arc, and current transformer (CT) characteristics on transient frequencies. Additionally, the impact of noise on TFSA results is examined. The new proposed source inductance compensation method can reduce the error of 6.55% to 0.88%, where the same error can be reduced to 3.45% with the compensation method given in previous study. Strategies to enhance accuracy are discussed and compared to previous studies, including a proposed detection approach providing appropriate data size and precise wave propagation speed calculations. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of TFSA’s limitations and inform practical improvements for fault location accuracy in power transmission systems.
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