Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Integrating experimental and atomistic insights into the rejuvenation of aged binder using bio-based rejuvenators
Kurban, Mustafa; Yalcin, Beyza Furtana; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Akpinar, Sinan; Kök, Baha Vural; Hekim, Seda; Özdemir, Ahmet Münir; Yalcin, Erkut; Göktaş, Fahrettin
This study integrates experimental and computational methods to evaluate the rejuvenation performance of an aged asphalt binder using two novel bio-based additives, 1T and 2T. The aged binder, sourced from reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), was modified with 25 wt% of each rejuvenator (denoted as 1T25 and 2T25, respectively). SARA (Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, Asphaltenes) fractionation and colloidal indices were used to assess compositional recovery. Both additives increased aromatic and resin contents while reducing asphaltenes. The 2T-modified binder achieved the highest colloidal stability (Ic = 0.29) and the most pronounced improvement in stability indicators (CI and Ic) among the tested systems. Complementary molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the COMPASSII force field modeled the structural and thermodynamic behavior of RAP and rejuvenated systems. The 2T25 system exhibited higher density and more compact molecular packing, suggesting stronger cohesive organization and reduced free volume, whereas 1T25 showed greater molecular spacing and flexibility. RDF analysis and converged thermodynamic/structural trajectories (energy, temperature, cell length, and density stabilization) further supported rejuvenator-dependent rearrangement of packing during equilibration. Overall, MD acts as a mechanistic bridge that interprets experimental SARA/CI/Ic trends and supports design-oriented development of sustainable rejuvenators.
AtıfScopus2OpenAlex1
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ3EFFECTS OF USING STYRENE-ISOPRENE-STYRENE AND CRUMB RUBBER ON RUTTING POTENTIAL AND AGING PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN
Kök, Baha Vural; Yalçin, Beyza Furtana; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Yalçin, Erkut
The crumb rubber (CR) obtained from waste vehicle tires is gaining attention from the researchers because of its contribution to performance besides having low cost and environmental-friendly characteristic. In this study the effects of using styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) together with CR on rutting and aging properties of binders were evaluated by dynamic shear rheometer, softening point and viscosity tests. B 160/220 (PG 58) pure bitumen was modified in 13 different combinations with different contents of additives. The combined use of SIS and CR was compared with the high rate of SIS and CR modifications individually. It was determined that the combined use of 2% SIS and 7% CR by weight of bitumen provides an economical and superior performance that cannot be achieved with individual SIS or CR modifications. The binary binders were able to preserve their elastic properties after aging better than the individual SIS and CR modifications.
AtıfScopus5İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ3Research on the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Modified by Fume Silica and Crumb Rubber Compound
Akpolat, Mustafa; Kök, Baha Vural; Aydoğmuş, Ercan
This study investigates the effect of using Fume Silica (Aerosol 300) alone and together with crumb rubber (CR) in bitumen modification on the traditional and rheological properties of the binder and compares it to the SBS modified binder. Using the aerosol additive in the binder at the rates of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% were determined as the most convenient ratio and CR+aerosol modified binders were prepared per this ratio. The binders were subjected to the softening point, viscosity, frequency sweep, bending beam rheometer (BBR), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests in the context of the study. Besides, the optimum conditions were determined according to the response functions by designing an experiment with statistical regression according to the Response surface methodology (RSM). The results indicate that the optimum aerosol ratio is 1.5%. With the use of 1.5% aerosol in 6% CR modification per bitumen weight, it was found that (1) the softening point increases and the temperature sensitivity decrease in comparison to other binders, (2) the consistency of the binder increases, (3) the complex modulus values increase and become more resistant to rutting, (4) the low-temperature parameters enhance by performing more flexible behavior, (5) there may be physical changes in the structure even though there is no chemical reaction in the binder with the use of CR and aerosol additives, and (6) the experimental data and theoretical data obtained from the RSM method are consistent as per the statistical analysis.
AtıfScopus9WoS7OpenAlex10İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Eva bazlı reçine ve sbs modifiyeli bitümlerin bağlayıcı madde olarak karşılaştırılması
Yilmaz, Mehmet Birhan; Yalçın, Erkut; Furtana, Beyza; Kök, Baha Vural
Bitüm, asfalt çimentosunda çok az sayıda kullanılmasına rağmen, kaplamaların performansından önemli derecede sorumludurlar. Bu sebeple, bitüm, asfalt karışımların performanslarını geliştirmek için sıklıkla modifiye edilmektedir. SBS, bitümlü sıcak karışım’ların performans özelliklerini geliştirmek için asfalt bağlayıcılar için sıklıkla modifiye edici olarak bir polimerdir. SBS, sıcak hizmet sıcaklıkları altındaki gereklilikleri karşılamadığı zaman, neredeyse vazgeçilmez olmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) bazlı reçine (EBR) isimli alternatif katkı maddesinin SBS e olan performansı incelenmiştir. SBS içeriği %3’de sabit tutulmuştur ve baz bitümün ağırlığına göre, EBR içeriği %2, %3, %4 ve %5 oranlarındadır. Modifiye edilmiş bağlayıcılar 50/70 penetrasyon derecesi baz bitümü SBS ve EBR ile karıştırarak üretilmiştir. Penetrasyon, yumuşama noktası, dönel viskometre testi baz ve modifiye bağlayıcılara uygulanmış ve sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, EBR içeriğinin, %3 SBS modifiyesi ile aynı performansı elde etmesi için %3’den daha fazla olması gerektiği belirlenmiştir. 3% EBR modifikasyonu, hassasiyet, yüksek sıcaklık direnci ve çalışabilirlik açısından tatmin edici bir performans vermiştir.
AtıfTR Dizin1
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020The Comparison of the EVA Based Resin with SBS Modification in Terms of Rheological Properties
Yalçın, Erkut; Furtana, Beyza; Kök, Baha Vural; Yılmaz, Mehmet
The wear layer, which is used in the top layer of flexible pavements and is subjected to the most stress, is produced mostly with modified binders due to increased traffic volume and loads. Modification of the wear layer with polymer type additives has become inevitable. Recently bitumen used in bituminous mixture is modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer. There are quite successful applications in this regard. However, demand for SBS makes it difficult to provide always and brings on the use of alternative additives. In this study, the effect of ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) based resin (EBR) on the rheological properties of bituminous binder was investigated and compared with SBS modification. As a result, it was found that 4% EBR modification in terms of rutting and cohesion properties showed similar performance with 3% SBS modification and in the case of the evaluation of low and high temperature properties together, 4.7% EBR modification had similar performance with 3% SBS modification.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ1Performance and Aging Characteristics of Hot Mixture Asphalt with Crumb Rubber and Warm Mix Asphalt Additives
Akpolat, Mustafa; Kök, Baha Vural; Yilmaz, Mehmet
In this study, the mixes prepared using crumb rubber (CR) and binders with warm mix additives were aged through various aging methods (1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks at 60 degrees C in the laboratory; 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months under the environmental conditions; and AASHTO R30) and examined in terms of performance and aging index. The indirect tensile strength (ITS), indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM), and fatigue tests were applied to the pure and the CR,CR+Sasobit, andCR+Evothermmodified aged and nonaged mixes, and the aging indexes were determined according to the results obtained. According to the test results,CR+Sasobitwas found to be the best mix in terms of mechanical properties. Using the warm asphalt additives in the CR modification was determined to decrease the aging indexes and retarded the aging. Also determined was that a high correlation exists between the aging at 60 degrees C in the laboratory and the aging under the environmental conditions. Based on the fatigue test results, AASHTO R30 short-term aging (4 h at 135 degrees C) was determined to cause structural deterioration in the mixes and yielded low load repetition relative to the pure mixes. Therefore, using this method for the short-term aging of the CR modified mixes would not be appropriate. When the tests applied were evaluated in terms of the aging indexes, the fatigue test was found to be the most sensitive method for detecting aging in the pure mixes and mixes with additives. (C) 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
AtıfWoS17OpenAlex15İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2019The Comparison of the EVA Based Resin Modified Bituminous Mixtures to SBS Modification in Terms of Mechanical Properties
Yalçın, Erkut; Furtana, Beyza; Kök, Baha Vural; Yılmaz, Mehmet
The bituminous coating layers used in the flexible pavement are the top layer that is directly exposed to the effects of the traffic and the environment and therefore must be quite robust in terms of mechanical properties. The bituminous binder used in the mixture, is commonly modified with the Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) polymer additive so that the bituminous hot mixtures can resist to the increased traffic load and number for a long time without deforming. The high demand for SBS makes it difficult to supply when necessary and therefore brings on the use of alternative additives. In this study, the effects of the use of Ethylene-Vinyl-Acetate (EVA) based resin (EBR) on the mechanical properties of bituminous mixtures were investigated and their performance was compared with SBS modification. Marshall stability and flow, indirect tensile strength, indirect tensile stiffness modulus, indirect tensile cycling loading and dynamic creep tests were applied to pure and modified mixtures. As a result, it was found that EBR modification had significantly better performance compared to pure mixtures and showed close performance to SBS modification.
AtıfTR Dizin3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ1Performance Evaluation of Using Evotherm in SBS Modified Binder
Kök, Baha Vural; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Akpolat, Mustafa
Recently, various types of additives are being used to enhance the properties of bitumen. Until now, few researchers have handled the utilization of different additives in the same binder. In this study, styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and Evotherm were used both separately and in the same blend. Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR) tests were applied to SBS and Evotherm modified binders. SBS and Evotherm were added to pure bitumen in three different ratios. Sixteen different combinations were produced using the two additives, and a pure binder in the same binder was evaluated in the DSR test. Eight different combinations were evaluated in the BBR test. The conclusion reached was that the maximum usage of Evotherm (0.9%) induces a 20% reduction in the rutting parameter of both the 5% and 6% SBS modified binders. The 0.5% Evotherm with 4% and 5% SBS modification does not have an adverse effect on rutting performance. Evotherm modification could prevent the stiffness increment that originates from using the SBS additive, especially at high content. Using 0.7% Evotherm with 4% SBS can acquire the pure binder's low temperature performance. (c) 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
AtıfWoS11İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ2Effect of gilsonite use on storage stability of styrene-butadiene-styrene modified bitumen
Yalçın, Erkut; Çeloğlu, M. Ertuğrul; Akpolat, Mustafa; Yamaç, Özge Erdoğan; Alataş, Taner; Kök, Baha Vural; Yılmaz, Mehmet
Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer is one of the most preferred additives to improve performance in hot mix asphalt pavements. The storage instability, in other words, the separation of a polymer-rich phase from the bitumen-rich phase in the course of storage and transportation is one of the prevalent problems in SBS modified bitumen. The present study attempted to obtain modified bitumen at the same performance level with the SBS modified bitumen, but stable with respect to the storage stability. For this purpose, both SBS and American Gilsonite (AG) were used in modified bitumen production. It was determined that modified bitumen at the same performance level was obtained with the use of 5 % SBS or 18 % AG in bitumen modification. It was also determined that the performance levels of the modified bitumen obtained with the use of 2 % SBS + 13 % AG, 3 % SBS + 10 % AG and 4 % SBS + 6 % AG were similar. Additionally, 2 %, 3 % and 4 % SBS modified bitumen were used for the assessment of storage stability properties of the SBS modified binders. These 8 different modified bitumen samples were tested for storage stability based on the EN 13399 standard. Penetration, softening point, rotational viscometer, bending beam rheometer, and dynamic shear rheometer tests were conducted on the samples. Based on all conducted tests, it was determined that more stable binders were obtained with the use of AG and SBS in terms of storage stability compared to solely SBS modified bitumen.
AtıfScopus18WoS15OpenAlex15İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2017Investigation of Low-Temperature Behavior of Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixtures Modified with Paraffin and Crumb Rubber
Akpolat, Mustafa; Kök, Baha Vural; Yilmaz, Mehmet
In hot mix asphalts at low temperatures, cracks occur due to thermal tension and these cracks cause water to leak inside the pavement and the pavement gets deformed sooner than expected. In order to improve the properties of bituminous mixtures, mostly polymer type additives are used in the modification of the bitumen. These types of improvements usually have positive effects on the high-temperature behavior of the mixture. In this study, semi-circular bending test, which is the most commonly used method in the literature to investigate the low-temperature behavior of bituminous mixtures, was performed. In the study, the resistance of stone mastic asphalt mixtures, which were prepared with modified bitumen with a constant 3% of paraffin and various amounts of crumb rubber, to crack formation and its movement was identified. As a result, it was concluded that the effects of additives on crack formation and its movement is varied and the relation between the fractured aggregate surface areas and the fracture toughness of the mixture can be determined by the image processing method.
AtıfTR Dizin1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ2Performance evaluation of crumb rubber and paraffin modified stone mastic asphalt
Kök, Baha Vural; Yilmaz, Mehmet; Akpolat, Mustafa
Recently, crumb rubber (CR) obtained from waste tires and Fischer-Tropsch paraffin are mostly used in bitumen modification to improve the performance of bituminous mixtures. Each of these additives affects the different properties of mixtures. There are limited studies in the literature about the combined usage of additive in the same mixture to utilize the different characteristics. In this study, the stability, stiffness, fatigue resistance, permanent deformation resistance, and moisture susceptibility characteristics of the stone mastic asphalt prepared with the bitumen modified with CR and paraffin were examined and compared with the control mixture. It was determined that CR-modified mixtures showed significantly more elastic characteristics. The mixture in which the 10% CR and 3% paraffin were used together gave better results in terms of moisture susceptibility and fatigue resistance when compared with the control mixture. It was determined that the use of paraffin together with CR contributed to the improved performance, and was in accordance with the CR in terms of mechanical characteristics of stone mastic asphalt.
AtıfWoS12OpenAlex13İncele