Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026The New Dynamic of Global Competition: The Technological Utilization of Rare Earth Elements and Their Impact on International Relations
Durmuş, İrfan; Tam, Gürkan
Aim: This study aims to analyze the technological utilization, global reserve distribution, and production structures of rare earth elements (REEs), as well as the structural concentration and vulnerability of their supply chains, and to evaluate their implications for international relations, geopolitical power dynamics, and economic dependency. The study examines the strategic consequences of China’s dominance in global REE production and processing and develops policy recommendations regarding Türkiye’s potential integration into global value chains. Method: The research is designed as a secondary-data-based study employing a structured descriptive and comparative content analysis. Quantitative and qualitative datasets obtained from internationally recognized institutions, including the International Energy Agency (IEA), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), European Commission reports, and relevant national authorities, were systematically analyzed to assess reserve distribution, production concentration, and sectoral utilization patterns. Results: The findings demonstrate that REEs have evolved beyond their role as industrial raw materials and have become strategic instruments of global power projection. The high concentration of global production and processing capacity in China generates significant supply security risks and structural economic dependencies for advanced economies. While Türkiye’s declared reserve potential in Beylikova represents a substantial strategic opportunity, limitations in domestic processing capacity and high value-added manufacturing constitute major structural challenges. Conclusion: REEs have emerged as strategic commodities at the center of twenty-first-century geoeconomic competition, particularly in the contexts of energy transition, defense industries, and digital technologies. Ensuring sustainable supply security requires not only reserve diversification but also the development of refining capabilities, recycling technologies, and multilateral cooperation mechanisms. Türkiye’s ability to position itself as a reliable actor in global REE markets depends on the formulation of an integrated national strategy. Originality: This study contributes to the literature by approaching REEs through an interdisciplinary framework that integrates technological, geoeconomic, and international relations perspectives, thereby moving beyond purely geological or technical analyses.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1Impact of soft-storey irregularity on the seismic safety of reinforced concrete buildings
Tektaş, Şeyhmus; Tam, Gürkan; Yön, Burak
This study evaluates the effect of soft-storey irregularity on the seismic fragility of reinforced concrete buildings by comparing fragility curves based on inter-storey drift and element damage. This comparison highlights the novelty of the study. For numerical analyses, a typical four-storey reinforced concrete building with a ground storey of 4.5 m and typical storeys of 3 m, having a current storey plan, was modeled as both a regular and soft-storey building. To model nonlinear behavior, the assumption of lumped plastic hinges at the ends of the structural elements was made. Static pushover analyses of the building models created in SeismoStruct 2022 were performed until the roof displacement reached 3% of the building height, while nonlinear incremental dynamic analyses were carried out using 11 real ground motion records obtained from AFAD. The records were scaled between 0.1 g and 1.0 g and applied in the x- and y-directions for both buildings, yielding a total of 440 dynamic analyses. Static pushover analyses generated capacity curves for both regular and soft-storey buildings. Incremental dynamic analyses revealed maximum responses, inter-storey drifts, damage distributions, and fragility curves for both regular and soft-storey buildings. Fragility curves were obtained using both HAZUS inter-storey drift limit values and TBEC 2018 section-based strain limits. The results showed that fragility curves generated based on inter-storey drifts yielded more sensitive results than those generated based on damage at the critical storey. Furthermore, it was determined that for an earthquake acceleration of 0.5 g, the probability of a soft-storey building collapsing was 30% higher than that of a regular building.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Improving earthquake resistance in rc buildings via steel bracing members
Yön, Burak; Tam, Gürkan
In this study, the effect of retrofitting with steel bracing members on the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete buildings was examined. A reinforced concrete building with low concrete strength was modeled for the numerical study. This modeled building was strengthened with steel X-braced members to create a total of two buildings. To evaluate the seismic behavior of the modeled buildings, incremental dynamic analyses were performed using static pushover analysis and 11 different earthquake records. Due to the symmetrical structure of the modeled buildings, a total of 220 analyses were carried out simultaneously in the x and y directions. As a result of the analysis, the capacity curves of the existing building and the strengthened building with steel bracing members, maximum responses, inter-storey drifts, and fragility curves according to the damage status were obtained. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the maximum response of the building strengthened using X steel cross members increased significantly compared to its current state, while the damage to the structural elements was significantly reduced.
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İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ2Assessment of seismic fragility of reinforced concrete buildings retrofitted with steel bracing elements: A numerical study
Tam, Gürkan; Yön, Burak
In this study, the effectiveness of reinforcement with steel diagonal elements in a reinforced concrete building was investigated. A typical reinforced concrete building with ground floor+4 floors was designed for the numerical study. All column dimensions were 400×400 mm, all beam dimensions were 250×500 mm, transverse reinforcement spacing in column and beam elements was 100 mm and floor heights were 3 meters. The existing building was strengthened with X steel diagonal elements and two models were obtained. Nonlinear static pushover and incremental dynamic analyses of the buildings were performed. 11 earthquake records were used for incremental dynamic analyses. The acceleration amplitudes of these records were increased from 0.1 g to 1.0 g by 0.1 g and the analyses were performed. In order to model the nonlinear behaviour, lumped plastic hinges were assumed at the ends of the structural elements. As a result of nonlinear static pushover and incremental dynamic analyses of the buildings, capacity curves, maximum responses, inter-storey drifts, hysteretic curves at the ends of selected columns and damage patterns were obtained. Fragility curves were created by considering the damage levels in the buildings. According to the results, the average inter-storey drifts of the building strengthened using X steel diagonal elements decreased by approximately 90% compared to its current condition for 1.0 g PGA, while the damage probability and vibration period were also significantly reduced. In addition, the base shear force encountered by the strengthened building increased more than 4 times compared to its current condition.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Birleşik Deprem Etkilerinin ve Ek Dışmerkezliğin Betonarme Binaların Davranışına Etkisi
Yön, Burak; Tam, Gürkan
Bu çalışmada birleşik deprem etkilerinin ve ek dışmerkezliğin betonarme binaların davranışına etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında modellenen betonarme yapının beş zemin sınıfına (ZA, ZB, ZC, ZD ve ZE) göre X ve Y yönlerinde olmak üzere toplam 30 adet doğrusal olmayan statik itme analizleri yapılmıştır. Kolon ve kirişlerin doğrusal olmayan davranışları toplanmış plastik mafsal kabulüne göre, perde duvarların doğrusal olmayan davranışları ise yayılı plastik mafsal kabulüne göre yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda birleşik deprem etkileri ve ek dışmerkezlik dikkate alınarak her zemin sınıfı için kapasite eğrileri, her zemin sınıfı için X ve Y yönlerinde en düşük yük faktöründe oluşan plastik mafsal dağılımları, X ve Y yönlerinde ilk mafsalın oluştuğu yük faktörü ve maksimum yük faktörü değerleri elde edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda zemin sınıfı ZA’dan ZE’ye doğru gidildikçe hem kapasite değerlerinde hem de yük faktörü değerlerinde azalmanın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, ek dışmerkezlik ve birleşik deprem etkileri dikkate alındığı zemin sınıfındaki değişime bağlı olarak plastik mafsal dağılımlarının yoğunlaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak betonarme yapıların tasarımlarında ve performans değerlendirmelerinde zemin sınıflarına ilave olarak birleşik deprem etkilerinin ve ek dışmerkezliğin dikkate alınması gereken önemli parametreler olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
AtıfTR Dizin1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2023Munzur Üniversitesi Hizmet Binalarının Güç Kalitesi Yönünden İncelenmesi
Zengin, Bilgin; Tam, Gürkan
Bu çalışmada, Munzur Üniversitesi Kampüs alanında bulunan hizmet binaları güç kalitesi yönünden incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında Munzur Üniversitesi kampüsünde bulunan hizmet binalarından kesintisiz güç kaynağı ve kompanzasyon sistemi bulunduran bir hizmet binası, yalnızca kompanzasyon sistemi bulunduran bir hizmet binası ve hem kesintisiz güç kaynağı hem de kompanzasyon sistemi bulundurmayan bir hizmet binası olmak üzere toplamda 3 hizmet binası seçilmiştir. Seçilen hizmet binalarına ait akım, gerilim, güç, frekans, güç faktörü, gerilim dengesizliği, akım ve gerilim harmonikleri uluslararası standartlar kapsamında incelenmiştir. İncelenen hizmet binaları için elde edilen sonuçlar, seçilen hizmet binalarının tamamı için güç kalitesi parametrelerinden sadece akım harmoniği problemleri olduğunu göstermiş ve bu problemlerin giderilmesiyle ilgili çözüm önerileri çalışmada sunulmuştur.