Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Seismic Foresight: A Novel Multi-Input 1D Convolutional Mixer Model for Earthquake Prediction Using Ionospheric Signals
Uyanik, Hakan; Kokum, Mehmet; Senturk, Erman; Freeshah, Mohamed; Ozcelik, Salih T. A.; Halil Akpinar, Muhammed; Celik, Serenay; Sengur, Abdulkadir
This study proposes a novel deep learning approach for predicting significant earthquakes (Mw ≥ 5.0 ) in Turkey using ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) data and space weather indices. ConvMixer is a lightweight CNN architecture that blends spatial and channel information using depthwise convolutions and pointwise layers. Inspired by vision transformers, it offers efficient image classification with fewer parameters and high performance. We developed a multi-input one-dimensional convolutional mixer (MI-1D-ConvMixer) model to classify TEC data from the preceding five consecutive days as either precursory to an earthquake on the 6th day or normal. The model incorporates six inputs: five 1D TEC signals and one 1D space-weather index array, including the global geomagnetic index (Kp), storm duration distribution (Dst), sunspot number (R), geomagnetic storm index (Ap-index), solar wind speed (Vsw), and solar activity index (F10.7) are also utilized to reveal non-seismic related pre-earthquake ionospheric variations. Our methodology involves two stages: 1) a preprocessing stage to enhance TEC signals and 2) an end-to-end training of the MI-1D-ConvMixer model. The model architecture features depth-wise and point-wise convolutions with patch embedding, utilizing uses four tunable hyperparameters: network depth, hidden dimension size, kernel size, and patch size. We used 196 earthquakes data from Turkey from 2010-2023, and TEC data from the TNPGN-Active GNSS stations. The dataset was split into 75% for training and 25% for testing. Performance metrics, including classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score, are used for evaluation. Our model achieved a classification accuracy of 97.49%, demonstrating its potential for earthquake prediction systems. This research contributes to the field by introducing a novel deep learning architecture specifically designed for integrating TEC and space weather data for earthquake prediction. Future work should focus on validating the model’s performance in different geographical regions and investigating its limitations.
AtıfScopus7OpenAlex5
İncele - BildiriAçık Erişim2025Toplam Elektron Içeriǧi ve Uzay Iklim Verileri Kullanilarak Transfer Öǧrenme ile Deprem Öncüllerinin Analizi
Uyanik, Hakan; Şentürk, Erman; Köküm, Mehmet; Özçelik, Salih Taha Alperen; Akpinar, Muhammed Halil; Şengür, Abdulkadir
The stress changes occurring in the Earth's crust before earthquakes may cause some anomalies in the ionosphere and cause significant changes in the Total Electron Content (TEC) and Space Climate (SCC) parameters. The analysis of these changes offers a significant potential in the detection of earthquake precursors. In this study, the analysis of earthquake precursors was performed using TEC and UC data and the effectiveness of transfer learning and machine learning techniques was investigated. Features were extracted from five-day TEC and UC data using a pre-trained Multi-Input One-Dimensional Convolutional Mixer Network (ÇG-TB-EMA) and these features were classified with different machine learning algorithms. Within the scope of the study, earthquakes with a magnitude of Mw≥6.0 that occurred during the low and high solar activity periods of the 24th solar cycle were analyzed. The earthquakes were selected from the Far East region between 10°S-45°N latitudes and 120°E-160°E longitudes, where intense seismic activity is observed. Experimental studies have shown that during the low solar activity period, support vector machines (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) models exhibited the highest performance with 96.04% accuracy and 96.08% F1 score, respectively. During the high solar activity period, the classification success decreased slightly, and SVM and ANN models achieved the best results with 90.28% accuracy and 89.86% F1 score. These findings reveal that the effect of solar activity on ionospheric variables should be taken into account in earthquake precursor detection. For future studies, long-term analyses are recommended to better understand the effects of solar activity.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1Automated Detection of Neurological and Mental Health Disorders Using EEG Signals and Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review
Uyanik, Hakan; Sengur, Abdulkadir; Salvi, Massimo; Tan, Ru-San; Tan, Jen Hong; Acharya, U. Rajendra
Mental and neurological disorders significantly impact global health. This systematic review examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to automatically detect these conditions using electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), we reviewed 74 carefully selected studies published between 2013 and August 2024 that used machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), or both of these two methods to detect neurological and mental health disorders automatically using EEG signals. The most common and most prevalent neurological and mental health disorder types were sourced from major databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore. Epilepsy, depression, and Alzheimer's disease are the most studied conditions that meet our evaluation criteria, 32, 12, and 10 studies were identified on these topics, respectively. Conversely, the number of studies meeting our criteria regarding stress, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and autism spectrum disorders was relatively more average: 6, 4, 3, and 3, respectively. The diseases that least met our evaluation conditions were one study each of seizure, stroke, anxiety diseases, and one study examining Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy together. Support Vector Machines (SVM) were most widely used in ML methods, while Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) dominated DL approaches. DL methods generally outperformed traditional ML, as they yielded higher performance using huge EEG data. We observed that the complex decision process during feature extraction from EEG signals in ML-based models significantly impacted results, while DL-based models handled this more efficiently. AI-based EEG analysis shows promise for automated detection of neurological and mental health conditions. Future research should focus on multi-disease studies, standardizing datasets, improving model interpretability, and developing clinical decision support systems to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
AtıfScopus58OpenAlex46İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Convmixer ve SDD Kullanılarak DEHB Hastalığının EEG Sinyalleri ile Otomatik Olarak Tespit Edilmesi
Sengur, Abdulkadir; Üzen, Hüseyin; Özçelik, Salih Taha Alperen; Uyanik, Hakan; Karakaş, Buğra
DEHB, çocuklarda dikkat eksikliği, davranış problemleri, eğitimle ilgili sorunlar ve düşük özgüven gibi problemler oluşturabilir. Bu çalışma, Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) teşhisini elektroensefalografi (EEG) sinyalleriyle değerlendirmeyi hedefleyen bir araştırmayı özetlemektedir. Araştırma, 30 DEHB tanısı almış çocuk ve 30 sağlıklı kontrol grubunun EEG verilerini kullanmıştır. EEG verileri öncelikle gürültü azaltma amacıyla işlenmiş ve ardından ConvMixer, ResNet50 ve ResNet18 gibi derin öğrenme modelleri kullanılarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bulgular, ConvMixer'in düşük hesaplama kaynaklarına ihtiyaç duyarak yüksek sınıflandırma başarısı elde ettiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, EEG sinyallerinin DEHB teşhisinde kullanılabilirliği konusunda farklı kanalların etkileri incelenmiş ve T8 kanalının özellikle etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, EEG tabanlı DEHB teşhisi için daha hafif modellerin kullanılabilirliğini ve EEG kanallarının önemini vurgulamaktadır.
AtıfOpenAlex1
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2023Balistokardiyografi sinyalleri ile derin öğrenme tabanlı hipertansiyon tespiti
Sengur, Abdulkadir; Özçelik, Salih Taha Alperen; Uyanik, Hakan
Kan basıncı, damarlardaki kanın damar duvarlarına uyguladığı basınçtır. Bu basınç değerinin normal kabul edilen seviyelerin üzerinde seyir etmesi yüksek tansiyon (YT) veya hipertansiyon (HPT) olarak bilinir. Hayat kalitesini negatif yönde etkileyen, çoğu zaman organlarda çeşitli tahribatlara sebep olan ve ölümlere yol açabilen bu sağlık probleminin teşhisi oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, balistokardiyografi (BKG) sinyalleri kullanılarak HPT'nin otomatik teşhisine yönelik bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Bunun için BKG sinyalleri, sürekli dalgacık dönüşümü filtre bankası (SDDFB) yöntemi kullanılarak zaman-frekans domenine taşınmıştır. Bu işlemler yapılırken kullanılan dönüşüm yönteminde bazı parametre ayarları gerçekleştirilerek dönüşümün kalitesi arttırılmıştır. Daha sonra elde edilen görüntüler ResNet18, ResNet50, VGG16 ve AlexNet evrişimsel sinir ağlarıyla sınıflandırılmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Önerilen yöntem ile ResNet18, ResNet50, VGG16 ve AlexNet mimarileri için sırasıyla %98,92, %99,34 ve %99,22 ve %98,07 sınıflandırma doğruluğu elde etmiştir. Elde edilen bu yüksek sınıflandırma sonuçları önerilen yöntemin hipertansiyon teşhisi için kullanılabileceğini ispatlar niteliktedir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Bir Boyutlu Evrişimsel Sinir Ağı Yardımıyla Faz Kilitleme Değeri ve Diferansiyel Entropi Özellikleri Kullanılarak EEG Sinyallerinde Duygu Tanınması
Sengur, Abdulkadir; Özçelik, Salih Taha Alperen; Uyanik, Hakan
Duygu analizi günümüz bilim dünyasında üzerinde en çok araştırma yapılan alanların başında gelmektedir. Özellikle insan-bilgisayar etkileşimi gibi günlük hayatımıza her geçen gün daha çok dahil olan alanların yanı sıra nörobilim ve psikoloji gibi bilim dallarının da yakından incelediği bir konudur. Duygu analizi için konuşma sinyalleri, mimikler, vücut dili, yüz ifadeleri gibi yöntemler kullanılsa da bu yöntemler manipülasyona açık oldukları için biyolojik sinyaller kadar güvenilir sonuçlar vermezler. Bu çalışmada sanal gerçeklik (SG) teknolojisi yardımıyla hazırlanmış, biyoelektriksel bir sinyal olan elektroansefalografi (EEG) sinyalleri ile duygu tanıma için yeni bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Bu yöntemde EEG sinyallerinin alt bantlarının diferansiyel entropi (DE) ve faz kilitleme değeri (FKD) özellikleri, tasarlanan bir boyutlu evrişimsel sinir ağı (1B-ESA) yardımı ile pozitif ve negatif duyguların tanınması için kullanılmıştır. Her iki özellik yardımıyla elde edilen özellik matrisleri on defa teste tâbi tutularak ortalama başarı değerleri elde edilmiştir. Bu testler sonucunda DE ve FKD özellikleri ile en yüksek ortalama başarı puanları, tüm alt bant özellik matrislerinin birleştirilmesi ile sırasıyla %74,0611,41 ve %63,75901,72 olarak elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada elde edilen yüksek frekanstaki sinyal bileşenlerine ait testlerin başarı oranlarının düşük frekans bantlarına göre daha yüksek elde edilmesi daha önce bu alanda yapılan benzer çalışmaların sonuçlarını destekler nitelikte olmuştur.
AtıfOpenAlex2TR Dizin1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ3Effect of Spectrogram Parameters and Noise Types on The Performance of Spectro-temporal Peaks Based Audio Search Method
Koseoglu, Murat; Uyanik, Hakan
Audio search algorithms are used to detect the queried file in large databases, especially in multimedia applications. These algorithms are expected to perform the detection in a reliable and robust way within the shortest time. In this study, based on spectral peaks method, an audio fingerprint algorithm with a few minor modifications was developed to detect the matching audio file in target database. This method has two stages as the audio fingerprint extraction and matching. In the first stage, fingerprint features are extracted from spectral peaks on the spectrograms of audio files by hash functions. This state-of-art technique reduces the processing load and time considerably compared to traditional methods. In the second stage, fingerprint data of the queried file are compared with the data created in the first stage in the database. The algorithm was demonstrated, and the effect of spectrogram parameters (window size, overlap, number of FFT) was investigated by considering reliability and robustness under different noise sources. Also, it was aimed to contribute to new audio retrieval studies based on spectral peaks method. It was observed that the variation in the spectrogram parameters significantly affected the number of matchings, reliability and robustness. Under high noise conditions, the optimal spectrogram parameters were determined as 512 (window size), 50% (overlap), 512 (number of FFT). It was seen in general that the algorithm successfully detected the queried file in the database even in high noise conditions for these parameters. No significant effect of music genre was observed.
AtıfScopus9WoS6OpenAlex11TR Dizin1İncele - BildiriYalnız künye2020The Effect of Different Noise Levels on The Performance of The Audio Search Algorithm
Köseoglu, Murat; Uyanik, Hakan
Audio fingerprint technique is a method that creates a unique and compact identity for audio data and is also used to distinguish these identities from each other. In this study, an algorithm, based on the methods used in Shazam 's audio fingerprint technique and hash functions, was developed to recognize multimedia audio files by using MATLAB software, and it was tested against noise factor of different levels. Experimental results have shown that the developed algorithm gives successful results against the noise factor. In addition, it has been understood that the preferred hash function technique has revealed satisfying results in comparison with the conventional techniques.
AtıfOpenAlex5İncele - BildiriYalnız künye2020Performance Evaluation of Different Window Functions for Audio Fingerprint Based Audio Search Algorithm
Uyanik, Hakan; Koseoglu, Murat
Window functions are structures that are frequently used to increase the quality of the transformation when processing the signal in the time-frequency domain, especially when creating the spectrogram of the signal. In calculations for frequency information, Fourier transforms of short-time samples of the signal are transformed into spectrogram data with the help of window functions, and then operations are performed by using these data. In this study, the performance of three different window functions, which are used in obtaining spectrogram data in the algorithm developed for audio fingerprint-based audio recognition, have been tested under different artificial noise conditions. The results of these three different window functions were compared graphically, and a truth table was obtained based on the analyzed database. As a result of the simulations carried out in MATLAB, it has been observed that the hanning window function gives better spectral results for different noise levels, and accordingly it produces better matching results compared to the other two window functions as reported in former studies on different applications. In addition, some improvements about window length have been added into algorithm to obtain better results.
AtıfScopus12OpenAlex10İncele