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- Kitap BölümüAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ4Heavy Metals in Cetraria islandica: Health Risk Assessment
Topal, Murat; Arslan Topal, E. Işıl; Öbek, Erdal; Aslan, Ali
In this chapter, potential human health risk of the heavy metals associated with usage of Cetraria islandica were evaluated. Heavy metals (lead, cadmium, manganese, chromium, copper, zinc, and nickel) were determined in Cetraria islandica. Highest and lowest heavy metal values were 87 ± 4.3 mg/kg for manganese (Mn) and 0.12 ± 0.01 mg/kg for cadmium (Cd). When potential health risk was assessed, the doses of exposure for man, woman, and child followed the order of bread > tea > dermal. Risk of health for bread and tea were child > woman > man. Also, risk of health for dermal was woman > child > man. Non-carcinogenic risk was woman > child > man for dermal way. Non-carcinogenic risks were child > woman > man for dietary. Highest total hazard index (THI) was 6.33 for chromium (Cr), lowest THI was 0.22 for zinc (Zn). THIs were zinc < copper < cadmium < nickel < lead < manganese < chromium. The THIs were higher than 1 for chromium, manganese and lead. Total highest carcinogenic value was 1.73E−03 for Ni and minimum was 1.19 E−05 for lead. Carcinogenic risks for bread (cadmium, nickel and chromium) were high. As a result, it was determined that Cetraria islandica may cause cancer risk if consumed as additive in bread. It was determined that if Cetraria islandica was consumed as tea and cream, there would be no risk of cancer and could not adversely affect human health.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ2Potential human health risks of toxic/harmful elements by consumption of Pseudevernia furfuracea
Topal, Murat; Arslan Topal, E. Işıl; Öbek, Erdal; Aslan, Ali
The potential human health risks of some toxic/harmful elements related to the consumption of Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. were investigated. The toxic/harmful elements (cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn)) were determined in P. furfuracea. According to the analysis result, the maximum (max.) toxic/harmful element value was 62 ± 3.1 mg/kg for Mn and minimum (min.) value was 0.19 ± 0.01 mg/kg for Cd. The estimated daily exposure doses (EDEXDs) for men, women and children were dietary (bread) > dietary (tea) > dermal. For dietary (bread) and dietary (tea) non-carcinogenic (HQ) risk was children > women > men. For dermal, HQ risk was women > children > men. Hazard index (HI) value for men was >1 for Cr. HI value for men was 1.36 for Cr. HI value for women was >1 for Cr and Mn. HI values for women were 1.54 for Cr and 1.01 for Mn. Also, the HI value for children was >1 for Cr, Mn, and Pb. HI values for children were 3.44 for Cr, 2.24 for Mn, and 1.66 for Pb. This situation showed that there was a non-carcinogenic risk. Carcinogenic risk values were dietary (bread) > dietary (tea) > dermal. The total max. carcinogenic value was 1.97E-03 for Cr while the total min. carcinogenic value was 1.31E-05 for Pb. As a result, it has been determined that there may be a risk of cancer due to the consumption of lichen as bread and this situation may adversely affect human health.
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