Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1420
  Biochemical effects and theoretical study of a metformin in the carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry

  İSPİR, Ünal; Tüzün, Burak; KIRICI, Muammer; Poustforoosh, Alireza; YONAR, Muhammet Enis; YONAR, Serpil MİŞE; ŞEKER, Engin

  Pharmaceutical chemicals are frequently detected in wastewater, and metformin, an oral hypoglycemic agent, is among the most common. In this study, the effects of metformin on biochemical (total protein, glycogen, lipid) and antioxidant (malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT)) parameters were investigated in carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) fry. Fish were exposed to 40 and 80 µg/L metformin for 96 h, 14 and 21 days. No mortalities occurred in any group. At 80 µg/L for 21 days, total protein activity and lipid levels significantly decreased. Glycogen activity showed no significant differences compared to controls. Antioxidant parameters measured spectrophotometrically revealed that MDA levels, CAT and GST activities decreased with time but increased with dose, while GSH levels rose with time yet decreased with dose. Overall, significant time- and dose-dependent effects ( p < 0.05) were observed. In silico analyses were also performed. The activity of metformin against antioxidant proteins was evaluated, and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed strong interactions with the most active protein. ADME/T analysis provided pharmacokinetic insights, and Gaussian-based quantum chemical calculations (EHOMO, ELUMO, ΔE, dipole, etc.) characterized electronic and structural properties. These combined results indicate that metformin alters key biochemical pathways in carp fry and has significant reactivity toward antioxidant proteins. Findings suggest potential ecotoxicological risks in aquatic systems and relevance to pharmacological profiling.

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  AtıfScopus1·OpenAlex1

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/1181
  Change of micronucleus frequencies, antioxidant parameters and in silico in carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry exposed to ibuprofen

  Kirici, Muammer; Tüzün, Burak; Yonar, Muhammet Enis; Poustforoosh, Alireza; Mişe Yonar, Serpil; Şeker, Engin; İspir, Ünal

  Ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been detected in the aquatic environment, but little is known about its effects on fish and other aquatic organisms. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ibuprofen on micronucleus levels in erythrocytes and whole-body antioxidant parameters of carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry. Fish were exposed to immersion in two different doses of ibuprofen concentrations (50 and 250 μg/L) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h and 14 days. No mortalities occurred in any group during the test. Abnormal behaviours such as irregular swimming, loss of balance and hanging vertically in the water were observed in some fish exposed to acute toxicity. In this study, a significant increase in the micronucleus number of red blood cells was observed throughout the study period (p < 0.05). Antioxidant parameters were measured spectrophotometrically. Results obtained showed that ibuprofen significantly increased (p < 0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activities, but decreased (p < 0.05) the glutathione (GSH) levels of whole-body carp fry in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, ibuprofen significantly increased MDA, GST and CAT levels, but increased the GSH levels of whole-body carp fry in a time-dependent manner. These results indicate that carp fry is sensible to human pharmaceutical agents in aquatic environments. The manner and the constructed interactions between ibuprofen and two protein targets (immunoglobin and haemoglobin) were investigated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The results indicated that ibuprofen could affect the haemoglobin activity. Finally, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity analysis was performed to examine the drug potential of the studied molecules.

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  AtıfScopus3·OpenAlex5

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ4/r/munzur/2200
  Effects of chlorpyrifos on the freshwater mussel Unio elongatulus eucirrus (Bourguignat, 1860), with a focus on neurotoxicity and oxidative stress responses; [Efectos del clorpirifos en el mejillón de agua dulce Unio elongatulus eucirrus (Bourguignat, 1860), con especial atención a la neurotoxicidad y las respuestas al estrés oxidativo]

  Zorlar, Faruk; Şeker, Engin; Pala, Ayşegül

  This study set out to investigate the effects of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) on certain biochemical parameters of the freshwater mussel Unio elongatulus eucirrus. Mussels were exposed to varying concentrations of CPF (10, 20, and 40 μg·L-1) for duration of 96 hours. Samples were collected from the mussels at the 24th and 96th hours of the experiment. The results indicated that exposure to CPF concentrations led to a decline in the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and, accompanied by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in mussels. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that CPF caused AChE inhibition, formation of oxidative stress, and negative effects on certain antioxidant parameters in the freshwater mussel U. elongatulus eucirrus.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/munzur/6250
  Farklı Esansiyel Yağlarla Hazırlanmış Balık (Luciobarbus esocinus (Heckel, 1843)) Köftelerinin Mikrobiyolojik ve Duyusal Kalitesi

  Kuzgun, Nermin Karaton; Şeker, Engin; Polat, Yunus

  Bu çalışmada, nane (Spearmint sp.) ve kekik (Origanum spp.) esansiyel yağları ilave edilmiş Luciobarbus esocinus’dan elde edilen kıyma ile üretimi yapılan balık köftelerinin soğuk muhafaza esnasında mikrobiyolojik ve duyusal kalitesi araştırıldı. Nane, kekik ve kontrol grubu olmak üzere üç farklı deneysel köfte örneği 4±1°C’de muhafaza altına alınmış ve muhafazanın belirli günlerinde analizleri yapılmıştır. Deneysel köfte örneklerinin mikrobiyolojik olarak Toplam mezofilik aerob bakteri sayısı (TMAB), toplam psikrofil aerob bakteri sayısı (TPAB), toplam maya-küf sayısı, laktik asit bakteri sayısı ve koliform bakteri sayıları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada hazırlanan ürünlerin duyusal olarak değerlendirmeleri yapılırken görünüş, renk, koku ve lezzet bakımından incelenmiştir. Deneysel örneklerin muhafazasının son aşamasında toplam mezofilik aerobik bakteri sayısı 7,33±0,94 log kob/g (10. günde) ile kontrol grubunda, 7,03±1,43 log kob/g (15. günde) ile kekik esansiyel yağı ekli grupta, 7,81±1,29 log kob/g (20. günde) ile nane esansiyel yağı ekli grupta belirlenmiştir. Psikrofil bakteri sayısı balık köftesi örneklerinin depolama başlangıcında 4,04±1,52-4,72±0,54 log kob/g arasında ve toplam laktik asit bakterisi sayısı depolama başında 4,04±1,52- 4,72±0,54 log kob/g arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Depolama başlangıcındaki maya- küf sayısı 4,60±1,22, 4,25±1,22 ve 4,73±0,99 log kob/g (Sırasıyla Kontrol, nane ve kekik esansiyel yağı eklenmiş gruplarda) olarak belirlenmiştir. Duyusal değerlendirme bakımından muhafazanın ilk gününde en çok lezzet değeri 9,00±0,00 ile hem Ke hem de Na grubunda olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fakat duyusal genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde en yüksek puanların nane ekli grupta olduğu belirlenmiştir.

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  AtıfOpenAlex1

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ4/r/munzur/2150
  Oxidative and physiological effects of carvedilol, a beta–blocker, in Daphnia magna; [Efectos oxidativos fisiológicos del carvedilol, un betabloqueante, en Daphnia magna]

  Seker, Engin

  Carvedilol is a beta–blocker. Beta–blockers affect the heart and circulation. carvedilol is used to treat heart failure and hypertension. Although this substance has effects in humans and some animals, its effect on the physiological and antioxidant status of daphnids is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of carvedilol doses (0, 0.125, 0.45 and 0.90 mg·L-1) on physiological activities (heart rate, postabdominal paw activity and thoracic limb movements) and oxidative stress. In Daphnia magna; malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S transferase (GST) markers were examined. The activity of physiological parameters in D. magna exposed to all carvedilol concentrations was found to be lower than in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Application of carvedilol to D. magna resulted in lower GSH content in all groups throughout the experimental period. MDA, SOD, CAT and GST activity were improved. These findings indicate that carvedilol causes physiological and biochemical changes in D. magna. Daphnia species have great potential to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of human medicine. More comprehensive research is needed on this subject.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ4/r/munzur/1687
  Effect of naproxen on oxidative stress biomarkers in Gammarus pulex; [Efecto del naproxeno sobre los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo en Gammarus pulex]

  Seker, Engin

  Non–steroidal anti–inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a widely prescribed medication class that is used in the treatment of numerous conditions worldwide. Of these drugs, naproxen is the most commonly used NSAID. Following administration, non–steroidal anti–inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as naproxen are eliminated from the body in either their original chemical form or as metabolites, ultimately entering the aquatic environment. The current study sought to show the impacts of naproxen on the oxidant/antioxidant status of Gammarus pulex, an aquatic invertebrate (Amphipoda). Gammarus pulex were exposed to sublethal concentrations of naproxen (3.44, 6.87 and 13.75 mg·L-1) for 96 hours (h). Whole body tissue samples were collected after 24, 48 and 96 h of exposure and analysed to determine the oxidant/antioxidant status by quantifying malondialdehyde (MDA) and total glutathione levels (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities of the G. pulex. The level of MDA exhibited a remarkable increase, while the endogenous GSH level showed a significant depletion in tested whole body tissues in a time–dependent manner after naproxen treatment of G. pulex. In G. pulex exposed to the highest dose of naproxen; decreases in GSH activity, SOD and CAT activities were observed.The SOD activity did not show a discernible rise in statistics after 24 and 48 h of exposure, however, a difference was observed after 96 h compared to the control group (P<0.05). The findings of this study demonstrated the capacity of naproxen to initiate oxidative stress and elevate MDA levels in G. pulex, even at remarkably low concentrations. This study emphasizes that it is essential to develop effective methodologies to impede naproxen entry into the aquatic environment.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/munzur/6430
  Karakaya Baraj Gölü’nde Yaşayan Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel, 1843) (Şabut) Populasyonunun Bazı Büyüme Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

  Ozcan, Ebru Ifakat; Şeker, Engin; Cengiz, Burhan

  Bu çalışmada; Karakaya Baraj Gölü’ndeki Arabibarbus grypus’un (Heckel, 1843) eşey dağılımı, boy ve ağırlık ilişkisi, yaş tayini, von Bertalanffy büyüme parametreleri ve kondisyon faktörü gibi bazı büyüme özellikleri araştırılmıştır. İncelenen 74 bireyin %37,84’ünün (28 adet) dişi, %62,16’sının (46 adet) erkek olduğu ve dişi/erkek oranının 1/0,6087 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Örneklerin total boy ve ağırlıkları dişilerde 32,0-62,2 cm ve 354,0-3046 g; erkeklerde 25,0-63,0 cm ve 200,0-3350 g arasında değişmektedir. İncelenen örneklerin yaş grupları II ile VI arasında değişmektedir. Boy-ağırlık ilişkisi dişilerde W = 0,0067L3,079, erkeklerde W = 0,011L2,962 ve tüm bireylerde W = 0,0096L2,993 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Karakaya Baraj Gölü’ndeki A. grypus’un izometrik bir büyüme gösterdiği saptanmıştır (p>0,05). von Bertalanffy büyüme parametreleri dişiler için Lt = 76,53 [1 – e–0,348 (t + 1,22)], erkekler için Lt = 89,83 [1 – e–0,212 (t + 2,08)] ve tüm bireyler için Lt = 92,40 [1 – e–0,200 (t + 2,21)] olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Büyüme performans endeksi (Ф') değeri dişi, erkek ve tüm bireyler için sırasıyla 3,309; 3,233 ve 3,232 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kondisyon faktörü dişi bireylerde 0,707-1,120 ve erkek bireylerde ise 0,702-1,356 arasında değişmektedir.

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  AtıfOpenAlex2·TR Dizin2

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/munzur/6401
  Tunceli (Pertek ve Çemişgezek) ile Elazığ (Keban ve Sivrice) İlçelerinde Balık Tüketim Alışkanlıklarının Araştırılması ve Karşılaştırılması

  Kuzgun, Nermin Karaton; Şeker, Engin; Kürşat, Muhammed

  Bu araştırma, Elazığ ili Keban ve Sivrice ilçeleri ile Tunceli ilinin Pertek ve Çemişgezek ilçelerinin balık tüketim alışkınlıklarını tespit etmek için yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma, anket uygulaması ile yapılmıştır. Anketler, 2021 yılının Nisan-Haziran aylarında yüz yüze görüşme ve online anket metoduyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, bu çalışmanın katılımcıları en çok Pertek ilçesinden, en az Çemişgezek, ilçesinde bulunan katılımcılardan oluşmuştur. Ankete katılan katılımcıların en çok kesimi kırmızı eti, en az kesimi balıketini tercih ettikleri tespit edilmiştir. En fazla balık tüketimi, Pertek ve Keban ilinde olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

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  AtıfOpenAlex2·TR Dizin2

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• MakaleYalnız künye2020/r/munzur/6741
  Investigation of Endohelmints in The Fishes Hunted in Keban Dam Lake Çemişgezek Region (4th Region)

  Şeker, Engin; Aktürk, Burcu; Pala, Ayşegül

  This study was carried out on 210 fish, which were 52 Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758), 49 Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843), 53 Lucio barbus mystaceus (Pallas, 1814) and 56 Lucio barbus esocinus (Heckel, 1843), which were hunted in the Keban Dam Lake Çemişgezek Region (4th Region) between July 2016 and December 2016. Three parasite species were encountered in 173 infested fish. After autopsy, two parasite types as Diplostomum sp. in the eyes fluid, Khawia sinensis in the intestine were identified in C. carpio. Two parasite species were identified in C. trutta, L. barbus esocinus and L. barbus mystaceus: Diplostomum sp. in eye fluids and Neoechinorhynchus rutili in their intestines. According to the results, it was determined that Diplostomum sp. was the most dominant parasite species with 73.33% prevalence and 8.97 density in 4 fish species examined. The prevalence rates of other identified parasite species N.rutili and K.sinensis were 40.95% and 15.38%, respectively, and densities were 7.11 and 2.25 respectively.

  AtıfTR Dizin1

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/3539
  Effect of Tunceli garlic on some immunological parameters in Cyprinus carpio exposed to chlorpyrifos

  Pala, Ayşegül; Şeker, Engin; Yonar, M. Enis

  In this study, the effect of Tunceli garlic (Allium tuncelianium) on hemoglobin (Hb) level, oxidative radical production of neutrophils (Nitoblue tetrazolium assay-NBT activity) and total immunoglobulin (TI) content in carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF) was investigated. The 96 hour LC50 value of CPF on C. carpio was calculated to as 0.230 mg/L. The fishes were exposed to sublethal concentration of chlorpyrifos (1/8 of LC50 value: 0.029 mg/L), and Tunceli garlic (20 and 40 g/kg diet) was simultaneously administered for 21 days. Blood samples were taken from the fishes at 7, 14 and 21 days and analysed to determine the Hb levels, the NBT activity and the TI content. There was a significant decrease in the Hb level, the NBT activity and the TI content of CPF-treated fish. However, Tunceli garlic reversed the Hb level, the NBT activity and the TI content. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CPF had a negative effect on the immunological values of the fish. The simultaneous administration of Tunceli garlic was neutralised CPF-induced toxicity.

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