Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ4Impact of Basalt Powder on the Physical, Fresh, Hardened and Microstructural Characteristics of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag-Based Alkali-Activated Mortars
Yön, Merve Şahin; Cemalgil, Selim
In this study, the workability, mechanical and physical aspects of alkali-activated mortar (AAM) containing basalt powder (BP) and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) were investigated. For the experimental study, alkali-activated mortars (AAM) containing BP at 8%, 16%, 24%, 32% and 40% substitution rates for GBFS were developed. Mortars were synthesized with a sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide ratio of 3.0 for the binder materials and a 0.45 alkali activator-to-binder ratio. The flow diameters of the fresh mortars prepared using 40x40x160 mm molds were determined according to the European Federation of Experts in Construction Chemicals and Concrete Systems (EFNARC) standard. The fresh AAMs were wrapped in stretch film to prevent evaporation and then kept in an oven at 60°C for 48 hours. The cured samples were evaluated for their mechanical strengths at 3 and 28 days, freeze-thaw effects after 33 and 100 cycles, and microstructures after 100 cycles. According to the results, using 40% BP instead of GBFS caused a decrease of approximately 15.08% in 28-day compressive strength compared to the reference sample (100% GBFS). G100 showed a minimum porosity of 15.81% and a water absorption rate of approximately 7.3%. The G60B40 mixture had the highest sorptivity capacity with 5.29x10-3 cm/s0.5, while the G100 mixture showed the lowest capacity with 3.88x10-3 cm/s0.5. After 100 freeze-thaw cycles, the G60B40 sample had the largest strength loss of 61.61%, while the G100 sample showed the lowest strength loss of 9.89%.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Enhancing the mechanical and durability properties of fly ash/GGBS-based geopolymer mortars using dunite and polypropylene fibers
Cemalgil, Selim; Gülmez, Nihan; Yön, Merve Şahin; Karataş, Mehmet
Polypropylene (PP) fiber-reinforced geopolymer mortar reduces the high brittleness of conventional geopolymer made with natural aggregates. However, the effects of different precursor materials on the performance of PP fiber-reinforced self-compacting geopolymer mortar (SCGM) remain unclear. This study investigates the feasibility of using dunite (D), a magnesium-rich ultramafic rock with consistent mineralogy and low processing energy demand that enhances thermal stability and durability, as an alternative precursor for fly ash (FA)/ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)-based geopolymers. The study examined the workability, flexural and compressive strengths, and sorptivity of mortars cured at 20 ± 2°C and 60 ± 5% relative humidity, as well as their durability under freeze–thaw cycles and high-temperature exposure. Interfacial interactions between aggregates and the geopolymer matrix, along with microstructural and morphological changes caused by fire, were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were also performed for detailed material characterization. The mix containing 30% dunite exhibited the highest flexural strength, reaching 5.70 MPa at 28 days, the highest among all mixes. Under fire exposure, the mix containing 10% dunite significantly reduced mechanical strength loss and retained about 33.3% higher residual flexural strength than the FA–slag control mix at 600°C.
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İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1Mechanical and durability properties of sustainable alkali-activated mortars with ceramic insulator waste and andesite powder as partial substitutes for GBFS
Cemalgil, Selim; Yön, Merve Şahin; Dener, Murat; Karataş, Mehmet
This study explores the use of andesite powder (AP) and ceramic waste powder (CWP), derived from discarded electrical insulators, as supplementary precursors to ground granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) in alkali-activated self-compacting mortars. The originality of the work lies in the combined utilization of these regionally sourced aluminosilicate wastes in binary and ternary binder systems, aiming to reduce GBFS dependency while ensuring adequate mechanical and durability performance. AP and CWP were used to replace GBFS at up to 50%, and the mixtures were evaluated for flowability, mechanical strength, density, porosity, water absorption, and capillary sorptivity. Durability was assessed through freeze–thaw cycling and high temperature exposure, and microstructural characteristics were examined using scanning electron microscope analysis. Results showed that while partial substitution with AP or CWP reduced compressive strength compared to the GBFS control, the incorporation of CWP in ternary systems partially compensated for the strength losses associated with AP. High temperature resistance improved markedly with increased CWP content; at 900°C, the 50% CWP mixture retained 44% of its original compressive strength, in contrast to 8% for the control. Although all mixtures containing waste exhibited reduced freeze–thaw resistance, mortars containing CWP exhibited superior performance compared to those with only AP. These findings highlight the potential of CWP, particularly in ternary systems, for developing sustainable alkali-activated mortars.
AtıfScopus16WoS14OpenAlex12İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Three-Dimensional (3D) Airport Runway Design Model for Tunceli Province
Cemalgil, Selim; Kaçmaz, Muhammed Nur
This research article addresses the design of an airport runway for the province of Tunceli, which is characterized by a geographically challenging topography. The study highlights the inadequacies of traditional two-dimensional (2D) analyses in complex terrains and proposes a decision support approach based on three-dimensional (3D) modelling. In this context, two alternative sites were evaluated. The first site, assessed using conventional 2D methods, was found unsuitable due to excessive natural slope and significant obstacle penetrations. The second site, analyzed through a 3D environment using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data in Blender, enabled the volumetric modelling of Obstacle Limitation Surfaces (OLS) and provided a more realistic representation of terrain-obstacle interactions. In this study, the Boeing 737-800 classified under ICAO Code 4C and widely used in Türkiye’s domestic flights, was selected as the reference aircraft for the airport runway design. Considering site-specific altitude and temperature conditions, the required runway length was calculated as 3200 m. The 3D analyses indicated full compliance with approach, takeoff-climb and inner horizontal surface criteria for the north-south orientation. Overall, the results demonstrate that 3D data-driven methods offer a more reliable and precise framework for airport planning in mountainous regions compared with traditional 2D approaches.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ4Using the Taguchi Method to Optimize the Compressive Strength of Concrete in Different Aggregates Typology; [Farklı Tipolojideki Doğal Agregalı Betonların Basınç Dayanımını Optimize Etmede Taguchi Metodunun Kullanımı]
Gönen, Tahir; Cemalgil, Selim
Concrete quality is affected by many factors such as mixing ratios, material quality, transporting, placing and curing. One of the crucial factors that changes the compressive strength of concrete is aggregate which makes up 75% of concrete during concrete production. Properties of aggregate are more unstable than other materials depending on various reasons. Granulometry, moisture or organic substance amount of the aggregates which have same origin may differ within time. This study investigates physical and mechanical properties of crushed limestone and crushed river aggregates. It is on optimum design of concrete with crushed limestone and crushed river aggregates. At first, physical and mechanical properties of the aggregates are measured, then Taguchi method is applied. Test variables are water-to-binder ratio, cement dosage, river sand ratio to limestone and air entrained agent. L16 orthogonal array as an experimental design method is applied to determine the optimum concrete design in terms of compressive strength and flexural strength. Furthermore, contribution of variables on compressive and flexure strength is determined statically by using ANOVA method. Among the 4 different aggregate ratios evaluated in the study, the best performance is from the combination of 70% stream and 30% limestone. The weakest performance is from the series that do not contain any stream material.
AtıfScopus2İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2023Scopus SJRQ2An Estimation Proposal for Engineering Properties of Modified Concrete by using Standalone and Hybrid GRELM
Cemalgil, Selim; Onat, Onur; Aruntaş, Hüseyin Yılmaz
The presented study pertains to an attempt to propose a novel prediction model to predict the flexural and compressive strengths of concrete modulated using steel fiber (SFb) and silica fume (SF). A completed experimental investigation is adopted for the current study, and a research plan is employed. Three different superplasticizers amount (SP), different SF replacement ratios, and a constant amount of SFb were used by the weight of cement to meet the C25 target strength. A sum of 16 distinct mixtures designed by changing SP and SF ratios were developed. Furthermore, SFb was added at a fixed rate of 65 kg/m3 to all planned concrete mixes. In addition, SFb was used to create a 16-mix design. Finally, a total of 32 distinct mix designs were created. Produced, hardened specimens were exposed to two different curing conditions. This research uses the mechanical characteristics of concrete treated with SF, SP, and SFb to estimate by conducting standalone and hybridized generalized extreme learning machine (GRELM) algorithms based on available experimental data in terms of the metaheuristic aspects of this work. With continuous input data, four separate data sets were constructed. Compressive strength and flexural strength were estimated separately. With the aid of the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms, binary and ternary hybrid approaches were developed and tested on the data. Four distinct estimation models were suggested. Two quality metrics were used to evaluate the estimation performance: Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and correlation of determination (R2). The estimation results showed that the hybridized GRELM-PSO-GWO estimation model that was built for prediction was relatively successful in all sets.
AtıfScopus4WoS3OpenAlex2İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ1A novel prediction model for durability properties of concrete modified with steel fiber and Silica Fume by using Hybridized GRELM
Cemalgil, Selim; Gül, Enes; Onat, Onur; Yılmaz Aruntaş, Hüseyin
The service life performance of conventional and modified concrete subjected to harsh climatic condition environment is directly related to durability properties of concrete like abrasion, freezing and thawing cycles. These properties are critical issues that should be predicted before performing experimental test. On this basis, the basic purpose of this paper is to predict the abrasion loss, freezing and thawing properties of concrete modified with silica fume (SF) and steel fiber (SFb) by using mix design and additional properties. From this point of view, a conducted experimental study was selected as a case study. In the control concrete (CC) mixtures, Portland cement, crushed stone aggregate, and superplasticizer (SP) were used in the selected experimental study. SP in concrete mixtures was used in the amounts of 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% by weight of cement, and so modified concrete was produced with and without SFb according to the target strength of C25. Furthermore, SF and SFb were used in different amounts to modify the concrete. The SF was replaced with cement in the amounts of 7.5%, 10.0%, and 15.0%. In total, 16 different mix designs were prepared with different SP and SF ratios. In addition, SFb was added to all mixtures of designed concrete at a constant amount of 65 kg/m3. Additionally, a 16-mix design was prepared with SFb. Cumulatively, 32 different mix designs were prepared for the experimental study. Tests on the fresh, hardened, and life-cycle performance properties of the concrete were conducted. As for the metaheuristic part of this study, on the basis of the available experimental data, life-cycle performance parameters of the concrete modified with SF and SFb are predicted by using single and hybrid generalized extreme learning machine methods. Eight different data sets were generated with gradually extended input data. Two different outputs were considered: abrasion resistance (AL) and freezing/thawing (FT). Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithms were used to produce binary and ternary hybrid methods. Four different models were proposed as listed: single use of Generalized Extreme Learning Machine (GRELM), binary use of GRELM-PSO, and GRELM-GWO. Finally, PSO and GWO were hybridized and integrated into GRELM. Two quality indicators, namely Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and correlation of determination (R2), were considered to see the performance of the prediction. The results showed that the proposed ternary prediction model composed of GRELM-PSO-GWO provided more accurate results in all sets from 74% to 91% by extending input parameters, even if complicated parameters are inserted in as an input to the data set.
AtıfScopus28WoS22OpenAlex25İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ3The Effect of Using Waste Tire as a Fine Aggregate on Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash-Substituted Self-Compacting Concrete
Cemalgil, Selim
Wasted tyres are commonly used in civil engineering applications for a variety of purposes, including as concrete ingredients. Wasted tires that are mechanically sheared into shreds ranging in size from 25 to 300 mm and intended for use in concrete are called " Waste Shreded Tyre Aggregate" to make a contribution to sustainable waste management. Currently, at this point, the basic philosophy of this study is to investigate the effects of Waste Tire Aggregate (WTA) on the mechanical and durability properties of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) to provide a contribution to reusing waste tires in the construction industry. WTAs with 5, 10, and 15% volume ratios are substituted for fine aggregate in SCC production. In addition, 15% mixtures with a binder quantity of 550 kg/m3, including 20 and 30% fly ash (FA) were substituted and prepared to be compared with the control concrete. To measure the rheological properties of SCCs, slump flow, V-funnel and L-box tests were performed. Then, the produced concrete samples of different sizes were cured under laboratory conditions for 28 days and then subjected to hardened concrete tests on the 28th, 56th and 90th days. The hardened concrete tests were composed of axial compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile, diagonal tensile, abrasion resistance, modulus of elasticity. Finally, a durability test was performed as chlorine penetration depth. The test results show that WTA positively affects the properties of fresh and hardened SCC. Only, the increase in the substitution rate of WTA in concrete mixtures decreased the hardened state strength of the SCC. However, the addition of WTA to up to 15% of the total fine aggregate volume indicates that it is possible to apply recycled WTA to SCC and successfully satisfy both fresh and hardened SCC specifications.
AtıfScopus4WoS5OpenAlex4İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ1Field reconnaissance and structural assessment of the October 30, 2020, Samos, Aegean Sea earthquake: an example of severe damage due to the basin effect
Onat, Onur; Yön, Burak; Öncü, Mehmet Emin; Varolgüneş, Sadık; Karaşin, Abdulhalim; Cemalgil, Selim
An earthquake with a magnitude ranging from Mw = 6.9 (KOERI) to Mw = 7.0 (USGS) struck Samos Island in the Aegean Sea on October 30, 2020, with an epicentre 70 kms from the İzmir city centre in Turkey. The earthquake took place at 14:51 local time (11:51 UTC). The peak ground acceleration (PGA) of this earthquake was recorded to be 0.179 g at the epicentre of the earthquake. This earthquake occurred at a depth of 17.26 km (AFAD (2020) İzmir Earthquake Report, (In Turkish)) and lasted 16 s. The main shock from the earthquake triggered a tsunami that hit the building stocks built near the coast. During the gradual deregulation of COVID-19 pandemic regulations, various events caused considerable damage to the building stock, particularly in the Izmir Seferihisar and Bayraklı regions and resulted in a massive disruption of daily habits. The main shock caused 117 deaths in both Turkey and Greece, and 1632 people were also injured in Turkey. Moreover, several injuries occurred in Greece. A total of 103 buildings collapsed, 700 were severely damaged, 814 buildings were moderately damaged, and 7889 were slightly damaged. The basic aim of this paper is to briefly present the past and present seismotectonic characteristics of the region, present building stock, and former structural conditions before the earthquake, assess structural performance and classify distinguished earthquake-induced failures and damage due to the basin effect.
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İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ1Effect of pumice powder and artificial lightweight fine aggregate on self-compacting mortar
Etli, Serkan; Cemalgil, Selim; Onat, Onur
An experimental program was conducted to investigate the fresh properties, mechanical properties and durability characteristics of the self-compacting mortars (SCM) produced with pumice powder and Artificial Lightweight Fine Aggregate (aLWFA). aLWFA was produced by using fly ash. A total of 16 different mixtures were designed with a constant water-binder ratio of 0.37, in which natural sands were partially replaced with aLWFA and pumice powder at different volume fractions of 5%, 10% and 15%. The artificial lightweight aggregates used in this study were manufactured through cold bonding pelletisation of 90% of class-F fly ash and 10% of Portland cement in a tilted pan with an ambient temperature and moisture content. Flowability tests were conducted on the fresh mortar mixtures beforehand, to determine the self-compacting characteristics on the basis of EFNARC. To determine the conformity of the fresh mortar characteristics with the standards, mini-slump and mini-V-funnel tests were carried out. Hardened state tests were conducted after 7, 28 and 56 days to determine the flexural strength and axial compressive strength respectively. Durability, sorptivity, permeability and density tests were conducted at the end of 28 days of curing time. The test results showed that the pumice powder replacement improved both the fresh state and the hardened state characteristics of the mortar and the optimum mixture ratio was determined as 15%, considering other studies in the literature. In the aLWFA mixtures used, the mechanical and durability characteristics of the modified compositions were very close to the control mixture. It is concluded in this study that mixtures with pumice powder replacement eliminated the negative effects of the aLWFA in the mortars and made a positive contribution.
AtıfScopus16WoS15OpenAlex17İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ1Effect of waste textile dye adsorbed almond shell on self compacting mortar
Cemalgil, Selim; Onat, Onur; Tanaydın, Mehmet Kayra; Etli, Serkan
The aim of the current experimental study is to investigate the effect of waste textile dye absorbed almond shell on fresh and mechanical characteristics of self-compacting mortar (SCMs). In this context, eight SCMs were designed by substituting Violet Dye Solution adsorbed Almond shell (VDSA) at the rate of 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%, 12.5%, 15.0% and 17.5% as a cement on weight basis including the control mix. To measure the rheological properties of SCMs, mini slump and V-Funnel tests were conducted. A total of 72 beams of 40x40x160 mm3 dimension specimens were casted and immersed in water curing at the end of the 7, 28 and 56 days to determine the mechanical parameters. 48 cubes of 50x50x50 mm3 dimensions were casted and kept in the curing tank to determine durability characteristics such as porosity, sorptivity and specific gravity. Quantitative analyses are also performed by using Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM), X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The experimental results indicated that as the content of VDSA enchases, a remarkable enhancement in flexural strength at early days age and 28 days age strength. Whereas, increasing the content of VDSA resulted in a considerable decrease in compressive strength higher than 5%.
AtıfScopus20WoS16OpenAlex26İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Barit Tozu Modifiyeli Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Harçların Mekanik Özellikleri
Cemalgil, Selim
Bu çalışmada, barit tozu ile üretilmiş Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Harçların (KYH), kendinden yerleşebilme vemekanik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Barit tozu, mineral katkı maddesi olarak ağırlıkça beyaz çimento ile ikameedilmiştir. Toplam çimento ağırlığının %5’i, %10’u, %20’si ve %30’u oranında barit tozundan oluşan karışımile kontrol karışımı içeren toplamda beş seri KYH tasarımı yapılmıştır. Su/bağlayıcı oranı 0.49 oranında sabittutulmuş olup, karışımdaki beyaz çimento oranı barit tozunun ikame oranına göre 350kg/cm3ile 500 kg/cm3arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. Karışımların KYH standartlarına ve reolojik özelliklere uygunluğunudeğerlendirmek için taze harç üzerinde mini V-hunisi, akış zamanı ve mini çökme/yayılma testleri yapılmıştır.Test gününe kadar 7, 28 ve 56 gün boyunca kür havuzunda bekletilen sertleşmiş numuneler üzerinde basınçve eğilme dayanımlarının belirlenmesi için toplam 45 adet 40x40x160 mm numune üretilmiş ve teste tabitutulmuştur. Kendinden yerleşebilme özellikleri ikame oranı artışıyla her ne kadar düşmüşse bile, EFNARCstandardının belirlediği sınırlar arasında kalmıştır. En iyi dayanım sonuçları, kontrol numunelerine kıyasla%10 oranında barit tozu ile beyaz çimentonun ikame edildiği numunelerden elde edilmiştir.
AtıfOpenAlex2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Numune Boyutunun Kauçukla Modifiye Edilmiş Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Betonun Basınç Dayanımı Üzerindeki Etkileri
Etli, Serkan; Cemalgil, Selim
Bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalarda, tane boyutu dağılımındaki atık araç lastiklerinin (WVT) agregaları ve farklı işlenebilirliğe, farklı mekanik ve fiziksel özelliklere sahip partiküller değiştirilerek kauçuk modifiyeli kendinden yerleşen betonlar (RMSCC) imal edilmiştir. Ancak eksenel basınç altında farklı narinlik oranı h/b ile üretilen RMSCC elemanlarının taşıma kapasitesindeki değişim daha önceki çalışmalarda araştırılmamıştı. Bu çalışma kapsamında farklı h/b oranları kullanılarak üretilen RMSCC elemanlarının fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerindeki değişim hem deneysel hem de teorik olarak incelenmiştir. Beton üretiminde kullanılan doğal kum ve WVT agregası tane boyutları aynı aralıkta olduğundan WVT agregası 4 farklı oranda doğal kum ile değiştirilmiştir. Bu oranlar doğal kum hacminin sırasıyla %5, %10, %15 ve %20'si olarak kullanılmıştır. Narinlik oranları, h/b değerleri1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 ve 3.5 olup, toplam 90 örnek için deneysel ve teorik araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçların doğrusal regresyon modelleri incelenmiş ve bu modellere göre h/b oranları ile denklemler üretilmiştir. Elde edilen denklemlerin sonuçları ve deneysel basınç dayanımı sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Kullanılan WVT agregası miktarı ve h/b oranındaki artışın yanı sıra, numunelerde farklı oranlardan kaynaklanan basınç dayanımı kayıpları olmuştur. WVT agrega oranının basınç dayanımı üzerindeki etkisi, kullanım oranının artmasıyla daha da belirgin hale gelmiştir. Ayrıca h/b oranının basınç dayanımına etkisini belirlemek için regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak elde edilen denklemlere ait R2 değerleri 0,95'in üzerinde bulunmuştur.
AtıfOpenAlex20TR Dizin5İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ2Curing effect on mortar properties produced with styrene-butadiene rubber
Cemalgil, Selim; Etli, Serkan; Onat, Onur
This paper presents an experimentally investigation pertinent to the mechanical properties of rubberized mortar (RM) with styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). The SBR were used with constant water-to-cement ratio of 0.485 and two different volume proportion of SBR particles were utilized as aggregates. One types of SBR particles with fineness modulus of 4.951 were utilized 0%, 10%, and 20% of aggregate volume. Effectiveness of SBR replacement ratio, curing and aging effect on the compressive strength, flexural strengths as well as load-displacement. Compressive and flexural strength of concrete were investigated at the end of 28-days and 56-days age. Obtained results demonstrated that utilization of SBR reduced the flexural strength of SBR mortar at the earlier curing age while SBR increased. Moreover, mechanical properties of mortar mentioned above were significantly affected by the water cure timing with an increasing proportion of the replacement level of SBR.
AtıfScopus11WoS11OpenAlex13İncele