Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- İpek, Yeliz(4)
- Ertekin, Özlem(2)
- Ipek, Yeliz(1)
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ3Cotton Fabric and Polypropylene Fabrics Treated with Synthesized Zinc Diborate
İpek, Yeliz; Ertekin, Özlem
Cotton fabrics and polypropylene fabrics are mostly used fabrics in many areas. Zn(B4O7) powder was synthesized with a sequential wet precipitation and sintering method. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) figures and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping results showed that zinc diborate was highly and homogeneously adsorbed on the surface of the treated fabrics. When differential thermal analysis (DTA) results were examined, heat release seemed to decrease by 0.71 kJ g−1, 0.61 kJ g−1, and 0.46 kJ g−1for cotton fabric treated with zinc diborate (C-117-ZB), polypropylene fabric (20 g m−2) treated with zinc diborate (PP-20-ZB), and polypropylene fabric (65 g m−2) treated with zinc diborate (PP-65-ZB), respectively. According to vertical burning test, burning rates of cotton fabric (C‒117), C‒117‒ZB, polypropylene fabric (PP‒65), PP‒65‒ZB, polypropylene fabric (PP‒20), and PP‒20‒ZB were calculated as 3.25 cm s−1, 1.93 cm s−1, 0.75 cm s−1, 0.36 cm s−1, 0.88 cm s−1, and 0.71 cm s−1, respectively. Heat releases and burning rate decreases were in good agreement for all treated fabrics. Also breaking strengths of both fabric types were improved. The washing test exhibited that the amount of zinc diborate powder on the cotton fabric sample was released by 25.49% while PP-65-ZB and PP-20-ZB fabrics released about 90% by weight of adsorbed powder. Although improvement was observed in the fire resistance of PP fabrics, antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus could not be achieved. However, antibacterial activity was provided only for the cotton fabric.
- MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ2Eco-Friendly, Thermal Resistant Cotton Fabric Enhanced with Nano Zinc Borate Powder
İpek, Yeliz
The easy burning of cotton fabrics, which have the widest usage area among natural fibers, is a serious problem. Thus, treatment with an environmental friend flame retardant material is essential for cotton fabrics. Zinc borates are multifunctional fire retardants. They can act as smoke suppressor, flame retardant and spark suppressor. Since they are non-toxic and environmental friend materials, they are ideal flame retardants for fabric treatment. In this study, nano-sized zinc borate (ZnO·3B2O3·7H2O) was synthesized and cotton fabric was treated with zinc borate powder with a novel method. Zinc borates are slightly soluble in water. They were dissolved with aid of ammonia as zinc ammonia borate complexes and were recrystalised on the cotton fabric fibers through the evaporation of ammonia. The burning resistance of treated cotton fabric was investigated. The hardness, hydrophobicity, smoke suppression and burning resistance of untreated and treated cotton fabrics were compared. Since zinc borates have smoke suppression feature, a more slight smoke was observed and a higher rate of carbonization occurred during combustion test of treated cotton fabric compared to the untreated cotton fabric. In addition, the burning rate was reduced from 2.26 cm/s to 1.26 cm/s.
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İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ2Developing Antibacterial Cotton Fabric with Zinc Borate Impregnation Process
İpek, Yeliz; Ertekin, Özlem
Cotton fabric is a commonly used textile because of its natural and healthy properties. The chemical structure of cotton consists cellulose with a ratio of over 90 %. Cellulose is a natural polymer and cotton fabric is a quiet useful textile because of its better moisture absorption, softness, and easy care properties. Moisture absorbtion property comes from the cellulosic structure of the fabric. However, its features such as being hydrophilic and inclinable to bacterial growth limits its application areas. Antibacterial cotton fabric may be used for hospital textiles such as hospital gowns, patient clothes, wound bandages; food packaging and storage textiles; home textiles like curtain, bed cover; clothing, etc. In this study, a novel environmentally friendly antibacterial cotton fabric was developed. Flame retardant zinc borate was used as antibacterial agent. For this purpose, zinc borate with a formula of ZnO·3B2O3·7H2O had been synthesized with wet chemical precipitation method and cotton fabric was treated with this material via sol-gel impregnation method. The impregnation method for cotton fabric provided a uniform distribution of zinc borate particles and processing the entire volume of the fiber. This method is also suitable for large quantity production processes. In the microbiological studies, Enterococcus which is commonly associated with the nosocomial infections and food spoilage was used. As a result, the antibacterial activity was observed in the fabrics treated with 0.1 mol·l−1 and 0.2 mol·l−1 concentration of zinc borate solutions.
AtıfScopus16WoS13OpenAlex14İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Influence of particle size, additive ratio and chemical structure of zinc borate on mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)
İpek, Yeliz
Zinc borate (ZB) is a flame retardant and smoke supressant compound of boron. It is widely used to achieve flame resistant polymer composites. Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) is one of the commercially important polymers that is mostly used for cable insulating, windows, doors, pipes, floorings and toys etc.. On the other hand, PVC releases toxic gases during fire as decomposition products. Zinc borate addition is thought to be a solution for this problem. However, this solution leads a new problem. Zinc borate effects the mechanical properties of the PVC. In the present study, to optimize the contribution of zinc borate, with different formulations (2ZnO·3B2 O3·3.5H2 O and 4ZnO·B2 O3·H2 O), with different additive ratios (1% and 5% by weight) and different particle sizes (nano-sized and micro-sized) were added to the PVC structure and the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of each composite were investigated. Mechanical properties of composites were determined by tensile test, impact test, hardness test while thermomechanical behaviours were detected with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). In the perspective of mechanical strength of PVC-ZB composite, additive ratio of ZB was more effective than particle size and chemical formulation of ZB. The additive ratio more than 5% by weight can negatively affect the mechanical strength and quality of the PVC-ZB composite.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ3Effect of surfactant types on particle size and morphology of flame-retardant zinc borate powder
Ipek, Yeliz
Zinc borate is a boron-containing chemical material that is used to increase the flame retardancy of polymeric materials, dyes, cables, fabrics, carpets, and the internal parts of automobiles and planes. Commercially used zinc borate, which has the formula of 2ZnO·3B2O3·7H2O, has a particle size between 10 and 20 μm. However, recent studies have shown that nanosized flame retardants have more superior flame retardancy and less negative effects on mechanical properties than microsized flame retardants. Nanosized flame retardants disperse more homogeneously and even low quantities are sufficient to provide high flame resistance. In this study, nano zinc borate powder was synthesized by a wet chemical method and the effects of nonionic, anionic, and cationic surfactants on the particle size and morphology of the zinc borate particles were investigated. Chemical purity and physical structures of the synthesized zinc borate powder were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, TG-DTA, TEM, and Zetasizer. The analysis results showed that the zinc borate powder had a chemical formula of 2ZnO·3B2O3·7H2O. TEM and Zetasizer results indicated that the nano zinc borate powder, which had nanoscale particle size distribution with needle- and flake-like structures, was synthesized using nonionic, anionic, and cationic surfactants.
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