Impact of green innovation on environmental issues: Findings from BRICS-T countries based on spatial analysis

This study examines the impact of green innovations on environmental sustainability in BRICS-T countries between 2008 and 2021. Using indicators such as renewable energy consumption, R&D investments, industrial design activities, and carbon emissions, the analysis employs both conventional and spatial panel estimation techniques. The findings reveal that investments in renewable energy play a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions and positively contribute to environmental sustainability. However, the effectiveness of environmental innovation policies and R&D expenditures in mitigating emissions remains limited, particularly in the short term. Additionally, industrial design activities are identified as a significant contributor to rising emissions, highlighting the need for a transition toward more sustainable industrial practices. The study also uncovers spatial dependencies among countries, demonstrating that carbon emissions in one nation can influence those in neighboring countries, emphasizing the necessity of regional cooperation and coordinated environmental policies. Based on these findings, the study provides policy recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of green innovations, stressing the importance of increasing investments in renewable energy, aligning R&D expenditures with environmentally sustainable technologies, and promoting sustainable industrial practices across BRICS-T countries.