Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

• 1
• 1

• MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/4620
  Morphometric constraints on tectonic activity and landscape evolution in the Uludağ Range, NW Türkiye

  Sançar, Taylan; Karabacak, Volkan

  The Uluda & gbreve; Range of northwest T & uuml;rkiye forms a key tectonic boundary between the North Anatolian Fault Zone and the Western Anatolia Extensional Region, where active deformation is expressed across a network of strike-slip and normal faults. To investigate how fault segmentation and kinematics control landscape evolution in this complex orogen, we integrate high-resolution morphometric analysis with paleoseismological data. We extracted key morphometric indices-including Delta-relief, Delta-elevation, Delta-gradient, Delta chi, hypsometric integral, channel concavity (m/n), normalized channel steepness (ksn), and knickpoint distribution-from 10-meter DEMs using open-source geomorphic toolkits. Our results demonstrate pronounced spatial variability in geomorphic signatures and tectonic activity across four divide segments (DS). DS01, associated with the right-lateral Ulubat Fault, exhibits exceptional morphometric stability and minimal disequilibrium, in line with long earthquake recurrence intervals and low Holocene slip rates. In contrast, DS02 and DS03-bounded by the Bursa and So & gbreve;ukpinar faults-display chi-based divide migration and subtle landscape adjustment. DS04, influenced by the & Idot;neg & ouml;l and Oylat faults, is characterized by elevated channel steepness, dense knickpoint clustering, and southward divide migration, collectively indicating ongoing uplift and transient drainage adjustment. The strong correspondence between morphometric disequilibrium and documented earthquake recurrence patterns highlights the critical value of integrating geomorphic and paleoseismological datasets. Our findings demonstrate that only through the convergence and cross-validation of multiple independent metrics can the segmented imprint of active deformation be reliably detected-particularly where landscape response is temporally offset from fault activity. The methodological framework developed here provides a robust template for quantifying active structures and their geomorphic consequences and can be widely applied to other tectonically complex mountain belts for seismic hazard assessment and landscape evolution studies.

  AtıfWoS2·OpenAlex2

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/munzur/4652
  Earthquake Hazard in Urban Areas of Bursa Province: Paleosismological Properties of the Ulubat, Bursa and İnegöl Active Faults

  Karabacak, Volkan; Sançar, Taylan

  This study provides a detailed mapping of active fault segments in Bursa and its surrounding regions, along with a comprehensive analysis of seismic behavior derived from paleoseismological data. As one of T & uuml;rkiyes' strategic economic centers with a dense population and industrial infrastructure, Bursa requires a holistic seismic risk assessment for effective disaster preparedness and mitigation. Paleoseismological analyses of the eastern segment of the Ulubat Fault indicate that it has been in a seismic quiescence period for approximately 1855 years. This prolonged period of inactivity highlights the potential for a large earthquake in the future around the Nil & uuml;fer Region of Bursa. Trench investigations conducted in Bursa city-centre reveal that the Bursa Fault has produced at least six surface ruptures over the past 12000 years, recurring approximately every 2000 years. Additionally, trench studies on the & Idot;neg & ouml;l Fault indicate that the & Idot;neg & ouml;l Fault has produced at least five surface ruptures over the last 12000 years, with the most recent major earthquake occurring more than 2500 years ago. Obtained results emphasize the potential for the Bursa and & Idot;neg & ouml;l faults to rupture simultaneously or in close succession, possibly triggering one another. Thus, the surface rupture caused by the 1855 Bursa earthquake is evaluated to have potentially triggered stress accumulation along the & Idot;neg & ouml;l Fault. This situation reveals a high probability of a surface-rupturing earthquake (M=6.2-6.9) occurring at any time on the & Idot;neg & ouml;l Fault, after 2500 years of seismic silence. Overall, these findings underscore the critical role of the faults in Bursa and its surroundings within the regional seismicity. In particular, the potential for sequential ruptures along the Bursa and & Idot;neg & ouml;l faults presents a significant earthquake hazard. This comprehensive analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the seismotectonic dynamics of the region, providing valuable insights for seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation efforts.

  • 
  AtıfWoS2·OpenAlex3

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1529
  Was the Formation of the North Anatolian Fault Influenced by the Aegean Extension?

  Uysal, I. Tonguç; Karabacak, Volkan; Aykut, Tunahan; Ring, Uwe; Liu, Entao; Sancar, Taylan; Leonard, Nicole; Tong, Kui; Todd, Andrew J.; Temel, Abidin

  The North Anatolian Fault (NAF), one of the most prominent plate boundary continental fault systems on Earth, facilitates the westward movement of the Anatolian microplate into the Aegean region. The temporal and spatial evolution of the NAF is important for understanding the mechanism of escape tectonics during plate interaction in active orogenic regions. The driving force(s) behind the movement of the NAF and the time period over which this occurred remain controversial. Our U–Pb and K–Ar dating of syntectonic minerals shows that a predecessor faulting initiated as early as ~40 Ma due to shortening along the Neo-Tethyan suture zone. Fault reactivations occurred at ~20 and 10 Ma synchronously in eastern and western Anatolia, suggesting that the NAF already existed by ~20 Ma. Our data also show that the westward motion of Anatolia was not only controlled by the Arabia–Eurasia collision in eastern Anatolia, but also by Aegean extension.

  AtıfScopus6·OpenAlex6

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/2727
  Paleoseismology of the Ganos segment; the western extend of the North Anatolian Fault (Turkey)

  Aksoy, Murat Ersen; Meghraoui, Mustapha; Ferry, Matthieu; Çakir, Ziyadin; Uçarkuş, Gülsen; Sançar, Taylan; Altin, Mehmet Uğur

  The Ganos fault that ruptured on 9 August 1912 (Mw: 7.4) is the westernmost inland segment of the North Anatolian fault (NAF). Here, the Ganos fault is bounded at its two tips with offshore faults segments, in the Sea of Marmara to the east and the Gulf of Saros to the west in the North Aegean Trough. Therefore, the paleoseismology of the 45-km-long inland fault is of importance to the seismic hazard analysis related to offshore active faults and in particular for the seismic gap in the Marmara Region. Earlier studies have established an earthquake chronology for the western and eastern inland tips of the Ganos fault. Here, we extend the paleoseismic studies toward the central segment. Three trenches at Yörgüç have revealed evidence for two faulting events, possibly post-1669 CE ±30 years, which can be correlated to the 1659 or 1766, and the 1912 historical earthquakes. At Yeniköy, we determined an offset of 46 ± 1 m and 47 ± 1 m on a stream channel and a ridge-crest, respectively. In two trenches we determined two faulting events for the last 1000 years and seven events for the last 3500 years. In trench T5, the base of the displaced stream channel provides a calibrated date of 829–591 BCE. Using the 46 ± 1 m right-lateral displacement, we calculate a slip rate of 16.9 ± 0.7 mm/year for the last 2732 ± 119 years. A combined analysis with earlier paleoseismic studies on the Ganos fault suggests that the historical earthquakes of 1912, 1766b or 1659, 1354 or 1343a, and 1063 ruptured the entire inland fault section. In such a case, the recurrence interval for this section of the NAF corresponds to 283 ± 81 years. Combining earlier estimations, we suggest an average slip rate of 17.1 ± 0.9 mm/year for the last 2700 years and observe a characteristic slip behavior of 4.5 to 5 m per event for this section of the North Anatolian plate boundary fault.

  AtıfScopus1·OpenAlex2

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/2408
  Internal deformation of continental blocks within converging plates: insights from the Ovacık Fault (Anatolia, Türkiye)

  Zabci, Cengiz; Sançar, Taylan; Tikhomirov, Dmitry; Ivy-Ochs, Susan; Vockenhuber, Christof; Friedrich, Anke M.; Yazici, Müge; Akçar, Naki

  The active tectonics of Anatolia is mostly characterized by its westward motion with respect to Eurasia between the Hellenic subduction in the west and Arabia-Eurasia continental collision in the east. Although most of the deformation is suggested to be confined along Anatolia’s boundary elements, viz. the North and East Anatolian shear zones, recent studies indicate a higher magnitude of internal strain accumulation, especially along the parallel/subparallel strike-slip faults of its central province. We present the first morphochronology-based slip rate estimate for one of these strike-slip structures, the Ovacık Fault, by using cosmogenic36Cl dating of offset fluvial deposits. At the Köseler Site (39.3643°N, 39.1688°E), two faulted risers, bounding the alluvial fan with its subplanar surface (NF1/NF1’) and the inset terrace tread (NF1/T2), are offset 19–24 and 15–22 m, respectively. The scattered surface ages and variability of 36 Cl concentrations in depth profiles suggest strong evidence for inheritance in alluvial fan and terrace deposits; thus, we used modelled depth-profile ages for both surfaces. The modelled ages 8–10 ka for NF1 and 6–8 ka for T2 yield slip-rate estimates 2.4 +0.5/–0.4 mm/a and 2.8 +0.7/–0.7 mm/a, respectively, for the upper-tread reconstruction of the NF1/NF1’and the lower-tread reconstruction of the NF1/T2. Our results together with previous slip-rate estimates for other structures show a significant internal deformation for Anatolia, especially along its subparallel strike-slip faults. These secondary faults slice Anatolia into several pieces giving rise to the formation of the Malatya-Erzincan, Cappadocian, and Central Anatolian slices, where the geometry is strongly controlled by the distribution of the Tethyan accretionary complexes.

  AtıfScopus3·OpenAlex3·TR Dizin1

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/2409
  When did the North Anatolian fault reach southern Marmara, Turkey?

  Karabacak, Volkan; Sançar, Taylan; Yildirim, Gökhan; Uysal, I. Tonguç

  We dated syntectonic calcites on fault planes from the southern branch of the western North Anatolian fault (NAF) in northern Turkey using U-Th geochronology. We selected strike-slip faults that are kinematically related to the current regional strain field. The isotopic ages cluster around different periods during the past ~700 k.y. The most prominent cluster peak of 510.5 ± 9.5 ka (1σ) is consistent with the maximum cumulative strike-slip offset data and tectonic plate motions measured by GPS data, highlighting the fact that the present configuration of the NAF in the southern Marmara region started at ca. 500 ka or earlier. These new isotopic ages, combined with previous considerations of regional tectonics, reveal that faulting along the western NAF initiated primarily in the southern Marmara region at least a few hundred thousand years earlier than the timing suggested for the northern branch of the western NAF. This study presents an innovative approach to constrain the timing of initiation of currently active fault segments along the NAF in southern Marmara. U-Th geochronology of fault-hosted calcite thus has a wide application in determining absolute ages of fault episodes in wider shear zones along plate boundaries

  AtıfScopus26·OpenAlex27

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/4852
  Morphometric investigations on the NW Bitlis-Zagros mountain range (SE Turkey): Implications for the internal deformation of the western Turkish-Iranian Plateau

  Sançar, Taylan

  Collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates has resulted in uplift of the Turkish-Iranian Plateau, where debate continues over how post-collisional convergence is being converted to strain. The internal deformation models of the plateau have taken into account the distribution of deformation in the NW-trending Bitlis-Zagros Mountain Range (BZMR), the southern boundary of the collision. The western end of the BZMR is marked by contrasting topographic relief resulting from the coupling of tectonic and erosional processes. This region providing an excellent record for undertaking quantitative analysis which can improve our understanding of its tectonic evolution. Mountain front analyses reveal that each fault segment located in front of the western BZMR falls within the limits of Class-1 that corresponds to an uplift rate of >0.5 mm yr(-1). Hypsometric and basin asymmetry analysis were analyzed for 93 drainage basins, indicating that weakly to moderately eroded basins can be moderately to strongly asymmetric but show no uniform tilting direction. Channel concavity, integral and knickpoint analyses suggest that, apart from the thrust fault that represents the margin of the collision zone, there is no pronounced single geological constraint that causes differential tectonic uplift and furthermore implies that the effect is distributed across multiple different structures. The findings of this study suggest that continuous lower rate horizontal displacement has occurred in this region since the onset of collision, but also indicates that the western end of the BZMR represents a zone of higher convergence, in which shortening is being converted to the vertical plane strain.

  AtıfWoS6·OpenAlex8

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/4698
  Palaeoseismic behaviour of strike-slip faults in slowly deforming regions: palaeoearthquakes and long-term slip history of the Ovacik Fault (eastern Turkey)

  Yazici, Muge; Zabci, Cengiz; Natal'in, Boris A.; Sançar, Taylan; Akyuz, H. Serdar

  The Ovacik Fault (OF) is one of the internal structures of the Anatolian Block, located close to its eastern boundary. Although it shows a very clear surface trace, there are no instrumentally recorded surface rupturing earthquakes on this fault. This study concludes results of the first palaeoseismological trench study on the OF with the evidence for three surface rupturing earthquakes for the last 6 kyr. Structural, stratigraphical and geochronological constraints show that the oldest event happened between 4700 and 3022 BCE, whereas the penultimate event was between 2262 and 1643 BCE. The youngest event happened after 56 BCE, which we could only delimit from below because of the absence of any dateable material from the upper layers of the relevant horizons. The derived mean interevent time of these three palaeoevents is 2400 +/- 765 years. We could not correlate any of these palaeoevents with historical earthquakes due to the absence of records in catalogues for the region of interest. Moreover, we used cumulative offsets of the major drainages to calculate the long-term slip rate of 2.7 mm/year since the Pliocene, which exceeds slip rates of other internal faults of Anatolia almost by the factor of two. Our results do not only show significant deformation for the internal parts of Anatolia but also point out a seismic potential of the OF.

  AtıfWoS5·OpenAlex5

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2021/r/munzur/5902
  The Relationship of the Hot and Mineral Springs in Munzur and Pülümür Valleys (Tunceli) with the Tectonic Structures of the Region and their Hydrogeochemical Properties

  Sançar, Taylan; Önal, Ayten Öztüfekçi

  The N-S flowing Munzur and Pülümür Rivers, which have the largest drainage areas in Tunceli Province, merge in the city center, and continue as a single river towards the south. In the southern area, there are smaller drainage areas such as Dinar and Rabat. In this study, the hydrogeochemical properties of the hot and mineral springs located in the mentioned drainage areas and the relationship of these springs with the faults in the region were investigated. The most important structural element controlling the reaching of hot and mineral springs to the surface is the primary and secondary deformation structures of the right lateral strike-slip Nazımiye Fault Zone. PermoCarboniferous aged impermeable schists form the basement rocks in the area hydrogeologically. Permian aged marble and crystallized limestones are the reservoir rocks of the hot and mineral waters which are outcropped in the drainage areas of Munzur and Pülümür Rivers. The presence of Eocene-Miocene aged semi-permeable flysch and permeable limestones cover rocks in this recharge area of the reservoir rocks indicates that the system is open. The pH and electrical conductivity of the hot and mineral waters in the system change between 5.96-6.80 and 2231-2930 μS/cm, respectively. Temperature of these waters varies between 35 to 20°C when they reach up to the surface. The total amount of dissolved solids ranges from 1300 to 1600 mg /L. The most abundant cation present in the waters is Ca+2; the most abundant anion is HCO3-. The Na-K-Mg geothermometer results of the hot and mineral waters correspond to the immature waters where the water-rock relationship is not an equilibrium. The pH and electrical conductivity of the cold waters are between 6.66 to 7.28 and 471 to 891 μS/cm, respectively. All waters examined here are of the Ca-Mg HCO3 type

  • 
  AtıfOpenAlex3

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2021/r/munzur/2709
  Paleoseismicity of the Ulubat Fault: Inferences on Seismic Behaviour of the Southern Branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, South Marmara; [Ulubat Fayı’nın Paleosismisitesi: Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu Güney Kolunun Deprem Davranışı Üzerine Çıkarımlar, Güney Marmara]

  Karabacak, Volkan; Sancar, Taylan; Selcuk, Azad Saglam; Buyukdeniz, Yusuf

  This article presents the results of the first paleoseismological studies conducted along the Ulubat Fault and their inferences on the earthquake behavior of the south branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). The Ulubat Fault is divided into 3 segments according to its geometric characteristics and paleoseismological behavior. Along the fault segments, at least 6 paleoearthquake event have been distinguished in the last 16 thousand years with paleoseismolgic fault excavations. The dating results correlated with the historical records show that the latest surface ruptures along the Ulubat Fault occurred with the earthquakes of <161/170 AD (I=IX), 1143 AD (M=6.0) and 1855 AD (M=7.3), respectively, and migrated to the west. Although it does not provide sufficient statistical evaluation opportunity, the paleoseismological data presented in this study proves that the segments of the NAFZ south branch do not present characteristic earthquake behavior in terms of recurrence period and this irregularity may be due to the multi-fragment geometry of the fault zone in the region.

  AtıfScopus6·OpenAlex6·TR Dizin4

  İncele