A review of occupational health and safety risk assessment approaches based on multi-criteria decision-making methods and their fuzzy versions

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a multidisciplinary activity working under the tasks of protection of workers and worksites. Risk assessment, as a compulsory process in implementation of OHS, stands out as evaluating the risks arising from the hazards, taking into account the required control measures, and deciding whether or not the risks can be reduced to an acceptable level. The diversity in risk assessment approaches is such that there are many methods for any industry. Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM)-based approaches contribute to risk assessment knowledge with their ability on solving real-world problems with multiple, conflicting, and incommensurate criteria. This article conducts a critical state-of-the-art review of OHS risk assessment studies using MCDM-based approaches. Additionally, it includes fuzzy versions of MCDM approaches applied to OHS risk assessment. A total of 80 papers are classified in eight different application areas. The papers are reviewed by the points of publication trend, published journal, risk parameters/factors, and tools used. This critical review provides an insight for researchers and practitioners on MCDM-based OHS risk assessment approaches in terms of showing current state and potential areas for attempts to be focused in the future.