Protective Effect of Propolis Against Oxidative Damage Caused by Cyfluthrin Insecticide on Gammarus pulex

This study aimed to investigate both the protective and therapeutic effects of propolis (PP) against pesticide-induced oxidative stress in aquatic environments. For this purpose, Gammarus pulex was exposed to 0.00 (control), 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 ppm concentrations of cyfluthrin (CYF) to determine its toxic effects. To evaluate the protective effect of PP, 5 ppm of PP was added to each pesticide concentration. Samples were collected from all experimental groups after 24 and 96 hours under appropriate conditions. SOD activity decreased under CYF exposure but increased significantly after PP supplementation. Although CAT activity did not show significant changes with CYF alone, it increased in the presence of PP. GPx activity remained statistically unchanged under CYF exposure but increased following PP treatment. CYF exposure led to decreased GSH levels; however, PP did not significantly alter GSH levels. TBARS levels increased due to CYF, and this increase was alleviated by PP application.