Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
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- DüzeltmeAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Correction to: Influence of Plastic Deformation and Hydroxyapatite Coating on Structure, Mechanical, Corrosion, Antibacterial and Cell Viability Properties of Zinc Based Biodegradable Alloys (Metals and Materials International, (2024), 30, 12, (3320-3337), 10.1007/s12540-024-01710-z)
Aksakal, B.; Isın, Ege; Aslan, N.; Cihangir, S.; Sezek, S.; Yilmazer, Yasemin
In the original version of this article, co-author ‘Yasemin Yilmazer’ name was missed to add in the author group. The correct order of author names should read as ‘B. Aksakal · Ege Isın · N. Aslan · S. Cihangir · S. Sezek, Y. Yilmazer’. The affiliation details of Yasemin Yilmazer are ‘Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey yaseminyilmazer14@gmail.com’. The original article has been corrected.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ2The influence of cold rolling and hydroxyapatite coating on the mechanostructure, corrosion resistance, cell viability, and antibacterial activity of ZnCu biodegradable implants
Aksakal, B.; Karadogan, S.A.; Aslan, N.; Fidan, F.; Yilmazer, Y.; Sezek, S.
Zinc (Zn) and its alloys exhibit great potential for utilization in biodegradable bone implants. Zn-1Cu biodegradable alloy was produced and were cold rolled at two different deformation rates of 47 and 61%. The samples have been bioceramic coated with the sol–gel method and microstructure-mechanical property changes, corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of the samples were investigated. They were characterized by Optical, SEM, XRD and wettability analysis. The rolled samples showed a significant increase in hardness when compared to the non-rolled samples. The unrolled and 47% rolled samples showed better corrosion resistance compared to 61% rolled samples. Antibacterial effects of the base and sol–gel-coated groups showed higher cell viability ratios than the uncoated groups. Cell viability increased significantly in 47% of the rolled samples after 24, 48, and 72 h, however decreased by up to 70% in 61% of the rolled samples. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.).
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Influence of Plastic Deformation and Hydroxyapatite Coating on Structure, Mechanical, Corrosion, Antibacterial and Cell Viability Properties of Zinc Based Biodegradable Alloys
Aksakal, B.; Isın, Ege; Aslan, N.; Cihangir, S.; Sezek, S.; Yilmazer, Yasemin
Zinc (Zn)-based biodegradable alloys have been at the forefront of absorbable biomaterial research in recent years due to their high biocompatibility and corrosion rates. The arc melting process was used to produce the Zn–1Cu–1Ag biodegradable alloy. The influence of different plastic deformation rates on the microstructure of the material was examined after the cold rolling at deformation rates of 47% and 61%. The undeformed and deformed alloys have been hydroxyapatite-coated using the electrophoretic deposition process to improve its surface, corrosion, and bioactivity properties. Optical, XRD, SEM, and EDS examinations were used to analyze the samples’ uncoated, coated, and rolled-unrolled forms. The nucleation of the (Ag, Cu)Zn4 secondary phase was formed during the rolling process. Hardness and compression tests were used to determine the mechanical properties of cast and rolled alloys, and in vitro corrosion tests were carried out in simulated body fluid. Antimicrobial and cell viability tests are executed to demonstrate the biocompatibility of the deformed and HA-coated Zn–1Cu–1Ag alloy. The mechanical properties were improved after the rolling process, with the highest results found in 47% of the rolled samples exhibiting a compressive strength of 412.65 ± 0.5 MPa and 61% of the rolled samples exhibiting a hardness value of 88.1 ± 0.5 HV. The samples that were rolled (61%) and coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) exhibited the highest level of corrosion resistance. The antimicrobial tests revealed that the rolled and HA coated Zn1Cu1Ag groups exhibited greater inhibition rates (47 and 61%) compared to the other groups when tested against E. coli. The HA-coated groups exhibited good cell viability ratios, with the maximum viability seen in the rolled and HA-coated group at 47%.
AtıfScopus4WoS5OpenAlex4İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ2Fabrication of hydroxyapatite-based nano-gold and nano-silver-doped bioceramic bone grafts: Enhanced mechanostructure, cell viability, and nuclear abnormality properties
Demirel, M.; Aslan, N.; Aksakal, B.; Arslan, M.E.
In this study, nano-gold (nAu) and nano-silver (nAg) were doped at the molar ratios of Molar5–Molar30 to the Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based bioceramic bone graft synthesized by the sol–gel method. The effects of nAu and nAg on structural, mechanical, cell viability, and nuclear abnormality of the synthesized bioceramic grafts were evaluated. The chemical and morphological properties of the bone grafts after production were examined through XRD and SEM–EDX analyses and mechanical tests. To determine the biocompatibility of the bone grafts, cell viability tests were performed using human fibroblast cells. In the cytotoxicity analyses, only HAp and HAp-nAu5 grafts did not show toxicological properties at any concentration, while HAp-nAg5 among the nAg-containing grafts gave the best results at the 200–100 μg/mL concentrations and showed significant cytotoxicity in human fibroblast cells. The other nAu-containing grafts showed toxicological properties in the concentration range of 200–50 μg/mL and nAg-containing grafts in the concentration range of 200–100 μg/mL against the negative control. The micronucleus (MN) analyses showed that the lowest total MN and L (lobbed) amounts, while the lowest total N (notched) amount, was obtained from the only HAp graft. It was found that the nAg-doped bone grafts gave higher total MN, L, and N amounts compared to the nAu-doped bone grafts. Furthermore, while the mean nuclear abnormality (NA) values of all grafts gave close results, the highest values were again obtained from the nAg-doped bone grafts.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ1Graphene reinforced hybrid-bioceramic coatings on porous-Ti6Al4V for biomedical applications: morphology, corrosion resistance, and cell viability
Aslan, N.; Aksakal, B.; Dikici, B.; Sinirlioglu, Z.A.
The effect of Hydroxyapatite (HA)-based coatings reinforced with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on porous-Ti6Al4V (P-Ti6Al4V) alloys in terms of electrochemical corrosion and cell viability for potential biomedical applications was investigated in this study. The scaffold-porous surfaces of P-Ti6Al4V were coated by the biocomposite structure of HA and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) at various porosity rates (40, 50, and 60%) by using the sol–gel dip-coating method. The results of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt% rGO-HA coatings were compared to coatings that contained only HA (free-rGO). Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscopy were used for structural and morphological characterizations. The coatings in vitro corrosion susceptibilities were tested in simulated body fluid at 37 °C. Compared to free-rGO coatings, the results showed that rGO reinforcements phases reduced the corrosion rate of the scaffolds. The corrosion rate increased as the porosity content of the scaffolds increased. In vitro cell viability tests revealed that samples of 0.5 and 1.0 wt% rGO-HA coating groups performed better than the control and 1.5 wt% rGO-HA samples. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
AtıfScopus8WoS7OpenAlex6İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ2Effects of silver/selenium/chitosan doped hydroxyapatite coatings on REX-734 alloy: Morphology, antibacterial activity, and cell viability
Aksakal, B.; Say, Y.; Sinirlioglu, Z.A.
The goal of this study was to improve the antibacterial activity and cell viability of the Rex-734 alloy in biomedical applications. Various biocomposite coatings, such as single-layer hydroxyapatite (HAp), HAp/silver(Ag), and HAp/selenium(Se)/chitosan(Chit), were applied to Rex-734 alloy at various film thicknesses. The surface coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, SEM, EDX, XRD and coating thickness and hardness of surface coatings were measured. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the coated and uncoated substrates were tested against Esherichia coli JM 103 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29293. In vitro cell–material interactions using Saos-2 osteoblast cells were characterized by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)− 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for cell viability. The post-coating sintering parameters were shown to have a significant effect on the surface morphology. When compared to single HAp and HAp/Ag coatings, Se and Chit additions to HAp powders revealed good crack-free coating surfaces. Crack-free coating morphologies were achieved with a sintering speed of 3 °C/min. While single-HA coatings had an antimicrobial efficiency of 83% against E. coli, this value increased to 94% with Ag additive and to 85% with Se additive. Similarly, Ag and Se additives improved HAp's antimicrobial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus. Cell viability decreased in the HAp/Ag coating at 86.5% and 90.93%, but increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the HA/Se-Chit coating at 137,43% and 158.23% at the end of the first and seventh days of incubation, respectively. The addition of Ag/Se/Chit to HAp increased the viability of the Rex-734 cells. Furthermore, it was revealed that the HAp-doped Se/Chit duplex biocomposite coating groups increased bone cell viability at much higher rates than the single-layer HAp coatings.
AtıfScopus12WoS8OpenAlex8İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ3Boron-incorporated biocomposite coatings on 316L and NiTi alloys: Enhanced structural, antibacterial activity, and cell viability performances
Aslan, N.; Aksakal, B.; Aksoy, M.E.
Boron doped (5 %, 10%, and 15 wt.%) Hydroxyapatite (B-HA) biocomposites were syntesized and coated on 316L SS and NiTi (Ni-45Ti) metallic substrates by using the electrophoretic deposition process (EPD). The morphological and structural characterization of the coatings was executed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction devices (XRD). Antibacterial tests were conducted using Escherichia coli (E. coli, JM103) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, ATCC29293) microorganisms. The mitochondrial activity assay (MTT)-[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] was used to examine cell viability and cytotoxicity in Saos-2 osteoblast cells. HA and boron peaks, as well as B-TCP and metallic components, were detected in XRD examinations. Porous morphologies were generated on the surface with boron doped B-HA coatings, as revealed by SEM views. Antibacterial activity studies revealed that both metallic coating groups, notably with boron doping, demonstrated antibacterial activity against gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus. The antibacterial activity of the 316L group was shown to be better than that of the NiTi group in comparisonal testing. The syntesized boron-doped biocomposite coatings did not have any detrimental effects on living cells, according to cell viability studies. The cell viability rate was found to be greater in NiTi coatings than in 316 SS coatings, and the impact was amplified by the addition of boron.
AtıfScopus6WoS4OpenAlex7İncele - DüzeltmeAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ2Correction to: Boron-Doped Hydroxyapatite Coatings on NiTi Alloys Using the Electrophoretic Deposition Method: Enhanced Corrosion and Adhesion Performances (Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, (2021), 30, 10, (7365-7375), 10.1007/s11665-021-05968-x)
Aksoy, M.E.; Aksakal, B.; Aslan, N.; Dikici, B.
The following acknowledgment was inadvertently omitted from the originally published article: This work was supported by Yildiz Technical University, C¸ AP (Grant No. FCD-2019-3511).
AtıfScopus1WoS1OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ2Effect of graphene reinforcement on hybrid bioceramic coating deposited on the produced porous Ti64 alloys
Aslan, N.; Aksakal, B.
Porous-Ti64 alloys (P-Ti64), produced at various porosities by hot-pressing technique with the help of Mg spacer, were coated by hybrid-Graphene Oxide (rGO) reinforced-hydroxyapatite (HAp), using the sol–gel method. The synthesized rGO powder was used in reinforcing HAp by the Modified Hummers method having 30 µm particle size and nano (nm) scale layer thickness. Hybrid coatings were executed on Ti64 substrates in four different groups as single-HAp, HAp reinforced with 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt% and 1.5 wt% rGO for three different porosities (41, 52, and 64%) were characterized by FT-IR, Raman, XRD and SEM. The average 21 µm coating film thicknesses were obtained and desirably, the only superficial pores of the substrates were closed by coating material rather than the inner connected open pores. It was also shown that 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% rGO reinforcements into HAp prevented crack formation on the Ti64 surfaces, whereas 1.5 wt% rGo reinforcement and single-HAp coatings caused. The highest adhesion strength values were achieved at low porosities (41–52%) and of 0.5–1.0 wt% rGO reinforcements through the adhesion tests.
AtıfScopus14WoS12OpenAlex20İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ2Fabrication of porous-Ti6Al4V alloy by using hot pressing technique and Mg space holder for hard-tissue biomedical applications
Aslan, N.; Aksakal, B.; Findik, F.
Porous-Ti6Al4V (P-Ti6Al4V) alloys were produced using the hot pressing and spacer methods for hard tissue biomedical applications and in particular, the effects of porosity on the mechanical and morphological properties of the structures were investigated. P-Ti6Al4V structures having the homogeneously distributed porosities at 41.08, 52.37 and 64.10% were fabricated by adding 40, 50 and 60% spherical magnesium (Mg) powder with 350 μm particle sizes in average as spacers and evaporating magnesium via the atmosphere-controlled sintering. The obtained porous structures were characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. Furthermore, the strength and elastic modulus were evaluated by performing compression tests. Elastic modulus and densities were found to be 40–171 MPa, 2–5 GPa and 1.59–2.61, respectively and these values have been shown to decrease with an increase in porosity. The achieved density and mechanical property values, in particular, elastic modulus are close to human bone and within acceptable ranges for with biomedical application purposes. In addition, it was also found out from the analysis of produced P-Ti6Al4V that macropores were responsible for mechanical anisotropy contributed to formation of homogeneous and inter-connected open pores. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
AtıfScopus40WoS37OpenAlex39İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ3Enhanced Adhesion and Corrosion Properties of Boron Doped Bioceramic Coated 316L Implants
Aksoy, M.E.; Aksakal, B.; Aslan, N.; Dikici, B.
Abstract: In order to provide an effective prevention to 316L implants, a synthesized bioceramic was coated by using electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The effect of boron addition into hydroxyapatite (HA) on surface morphology, adhesion and corrosion resistance of the implant has been examined. Boron doped HA (B–HA) was synthesized by a simple chemical acid-base method with 5, 10, and 15 wt % boron additions to coat on 316L implants. The synthesized B-HA was coated on the substrates and the coated surfaces with and without B additions. Sintering took place at different temperatures and sintering rates. The coatings were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, adhesion and in vitro corrosion tests were conducted. The influence of boron additons on adhesion and corrosion resistance of 316L have been revealed for the coated substrates at different B additions. It was shown that boron addition increased the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the bioceramic coatings. Furthermore, the sintering effect on adhesion was also evaluated and the highest adhesion as 25.8 MPa has been reached at 750°C for 90 s and 5°C min–1 sintering conditions. It was found that using iodine as EPD dispersant has increased the charging ability of the B–HA powders in the suspension and hence eased deposition rate. The study revealed that boron-containing hydroxyapatite coatings can provide crack-free surfaces that providing high adhesion and hence increase the corrosion resistance of metallic implants. Through the results, it was also shown that the network between powders was improved and hence adhesion was increased with increasing B addition.
AtıfScopus10WoS9OpenAlex12İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ2Boron-Doped Hydroxyapatite Coatings on NiTi Alloys Using the Electrophoretic Deposition Method: Enhanced Corrosion and Adhesion Performances
Aksoy, M.E.; Aksakal, B.; Aslan, N.; Dikici, B.
Metallic implants are functionalized with coatings due to the need to protect against biological corrosion in the body. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has desirable biocompatibility and structural properties, but poor mechanical properties limit its use as a standalone coating. In this study, boron-doped hydroxyapatite (B-HAp) biocomposites containing 5, 10, and 15% boron by weight were synthesized by the sol-gel method and applied as a coating to NiTi using electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The deposition was carried out for 60, 90, and 120 s, and sintering at 750 °C for 75 minutes under vacuum. The coated substrates were then characterized by XRD, SEM, and FT-IR, and their adhesion strengths and in-vitro corrosion behaviors in simulated body fluid were compared with uncoated samples. The results showed that the microporous powders formed well-bonded structures, which positively affect adhesion strength. The highest adhesion strength (30 MPa) and corrosion resistance were achieved with 15 wt.% B-HAP coating at 120 s deposition time and 76.5 μm coating thickness.
AtıfScopus18WoS16OpenAlex19İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ1Enhanced corrosion properties of biological NiTi alloy by hydroxyapatite and bioglass based biocomposite coatings
Say, Y.; Aksakal, B.
Enhanced corrosion resistance is always an obligatory property in biomedical applications. For this purpose, the surfaces of NiTi alloy were duplex coated both by Hydroxyapatite (HA)/Silver (Ag) and BioGlass (BG)/Silver (Ag) using the sol-gel method. The surface morphologies, and corrosion behaviours of the coatings were examined via SEM, EDS, XRD, and mechanically, by means of hardness as well as adhesion and corrosion tests. SEM analyses showed that the homogenous and crack-free structures were obtained in the biocomposite coatings. Spherical-like structures in the coatings were observed and pitting type of corrosion was formed in the biocomposite coated NiTi surfaces. After the corrosion tests, enhanced corrosion resistance was observed in both HA- and BG- based coatings. However, HA-based HA/Ag coatings on NiTi alloys were obtained to have higher adhesion strength as well as higher corrosion resistance compared to the BG-based biocomposite coatings. The findings in the present study can help the design of future implants with higher corrosion resistance.
AtıfScopus38WoS37OpenAlex42İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2019Scopus SJRQ2Silver/Selenium/Chitosan-doped Hydroxyapatite coatings on biological NiTi alloy: In vitro biodegradation analysis
Say, Y.; Aksakal, B.
Abstract: Nitinol (NiTi) substrates were bioceramic coated by single layer Hydroxyapatite (HA), double layer HA/Silver (Ag) and double-layered HA/Selenium (Se)–Chitosan (Cht) substitutions by sol–gel method. Surface morphologies and adhesion strengths of the obtained coatings were characterized by means of SEM, EDX, XRD, and adhesion tests. Crack-free coatings were obtained in single layer-HA (S1), double layer HA/Ag (S2), and double-layered HA/Selenium–Cht (S3) coatings on NiTi alloys executed via the sol–gel method. Degradation behavior was analyzed in via simulated body fluid (SBF) environment by means of weight loss (%) and ion release rates for 1–4 weeks of immersion periods. The degraded coating particles were measured and metallic ions were detected quantitatively by an inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer (ICP–MS). The results show that such coatings could minimize and/or prevent the degradation of metallic ions and weight loss (%) from the coated substrates. From the overall results, HA/Ag double layer biocomposite (S2)-coated NiTi substrates revealed the highest adhesion strength and lowest weight loss and degradation. It was also shown in all groups that the Ni ion release from the NiTi substrates was prevented by the coatings. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
AtıfScopus10WoS9OpenAlex11İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ3Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite/TiO2 Coatings on the β-Type Titanium Alloys with Different Sintering Parameters using Sol-Gel Method
Dikici, B.; Niinomi, M.; Topuz, M.; Say, Y.; Aksakal, B.; Yilmazer, H.; Nakai, M.
In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) based composite films were successfully syntheses on the β-type Ti29Nb13Ta4.6Zr (TNTZ). The solutionized TNTZ substrates coated with HA and HA/Titania (TiO2) bioactive composite coatings by sol-gel method under various sintering parameters related to sintering temperatures and heating ramp rates. Microstructural observations of the coatings revealed that apatite was formed on the substrates. The hardness values of the coatings increase with increasing both the sintering temperature and the TiO2 concentration in the coatings layer. However, it was found that the heating ramp rate of the sintering was not affecting the hardness values so much. Also, the hardness values of the HA/TiO2 composite coatings at all sintering temperatures were higher than only HA coated TNTZ samples due to the existence TiO2 phases in the HA matrix. Results indicating that the doping of HA with TiO2, improve the physical consistency between the coating layer and the substrates and provide a better inter-particle bonding due to the existence TiO2 phases in the HA.
AtıfScopus42OpenAlex43İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2017Scopus SJRQ3Synthesis and characterization of Bioglass-based bone grafts with Gelatine substitution for biomedical applications
Aksakal, B.; Demirel, M.
Background: Syntesizing alternative bone graft materials are important in biomedical applications. Their morphology, mechanical properties and cell viability plays an important role in tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: Bioglass (B) based bone grafts with Gelatin (G) substitution were syntesized via the sol-gel method and were compared with various Gelatin and Bioglass concentrations (wt%). METHODS: Syntesized bone grafts were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to show the structural and morphological changes of the fabricated B-based bone grafts. RESULTS: It was demonstrated that the concentration of pore size increased with increasing amounts of Gelatin in wt%. The biograft-B40G20 produced the highest flexture strength and hardness. Increasing the pore size caused a decrease in hardness and flexture stress of B-based biografts. CONCLUSIONS: Cell viability tests were conducted on the fabricated biografts and it was shown that the cell viability increased in fabricated B-based bone grafts.
AtıfScopus1WoS1OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2017Scopus SJRQ1Biodegradation of hydroxyapatite coated Rex-734 alloy with silver and selenium/chitosan substitutions: In vitro analysis
Aksakal, B.; Say, Y.; Buyukpinar, Ç.; Bakirdere, S.
Hydroxyapatite (HA) based bioceramic coatings; such as single-HA, double layered with Silver-Ag, Selenium-Se and Chitosan substitutions on Rex-734 alloy were executed by using the sol-gel method. Surface morphologies and adhesion strengths of the obtained coatings were investigated and coating material weight losses and metal ion releases from the substrates were determined in SBF (Simulated Body Fluid) environment. The coatings were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD and adhesion strengths between the substrate and bioceramic coatings were measured with adhesion tests. SEM analyses revealed that crack-free surface morphologies were obtained in all bioceramic coatings. The coatings were kept in SBF for immersion periods from one to four weeks and the weight loss (%) in coatings and changes in ion release rates were determined. HA/Ag double layered coatings applied on the Rex-734 alloy increased the adhesion strength and accordingly reduced the weight losses (%) of coating materials in SBF. Se/Chitosan double layered coatings were found to decrease the adhesion strength and increase the weight losses (%) in SBF. Additionally, all bioceramic coatings were observed to prevent the elemental ion release by physical barrier effect for the release of metal ions during the four weeks immersion period in SBF.
AtıfScopus12WoS11OpenAlex12İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2016Scopus SJRQ2Effects of hydroxyapatite/Zr and bioglass/Zr coatings on morphology and corrosion behaviour of Rex-734 alloy
Say, Y.; Aksakal, B.
To improve corrosion resistance of metallic implant surfaces, Rex-734 alloy was coated with two different bio-ceramics; single-Hydroxyapatite (HA), double-HA/Zirconia(Zr) and double-Bioglass (BG)/Zr by using sol-gel method. Porous surface morphologies at low crack density were obtained after coating and sintering processes. Corrosion characteristics of coatings were determined by Open circuit potential and Potentiodynamic polarization measurements during corrosion tests. Hardness and adhesion strength of coating layers were measured and their surface morphologies before and after corrosion were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), XRD and EDX. Through the SEM analysis, it was observed that corrosion caused degradation and sphere-like formations appeared with dimples on the coated surfaces. The coated substrates that exhibit high crack density, the corrosion was more effective by disturbing and transmitting through the coating layer, produced CrO3 and Cr3O8 oxide formation. It was found that the addition of Zr provided an increase in adhesion strength and corrosion resistance of the coatings. However, BG/Zr coatings had lower adhesion strength than the HA/Zr coatings, but showed higher corrosion resistance.
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