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- MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ3Bioactive compounds in mucus and shell microstructure of the European ear snail (Radix auricularia)
Kocabaş, Kutluyer; Kocabaş, M.; Kizak, V.; Korkmaz, B.
Radix auricularia is a non-native and invasive freshwater snail species and it may have destructive impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem structure. In recent years, snail mucus, as a sticky substance, has garnered significant attention in the medical and cosmetic industries due to its content of numerous bioactive compounds. Despite frequently being discarded as waste due to the build-up of calcium carbonate crystals through biomineralization, shells of freshwater snail serve multiple functions in aquatic environments and have potential industrial applications. Hence, this study aims to identify bioactive compounds in the mucus and analyze the shell microstructure and mineralogy of the European ear snail (Radix auricularia). Bioactive constituents of mucus were characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-FID-MS) analysis. We also conducted analyses on the organic matrix of shells from R. auricularia using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Our results indicated that ten compounds are characterized by Eicosane (34.16%), 9-Octadecen-1-ol, (Z)-(11.86%) and N,N-Dimetylpalmitamide (5.55%) as the main components of mucus. The antioxidant potential, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties of Eicosane was in notable quantity in the mucus. In addition, the elemental composition of shell powder comprised of carbon, aluminium, oxygen, calcium, iron, magnesium, silicium, manganese, sodium, sulphur and phosphorus. Aragonite emerged as the dominant mineralogy in the inorganic layer of their shells, as confirmed by XRD. Overall, individual compounds of mucus could be isolated and purified mucus compounds could have applications in pharmaceuticals and health sectors. The shells of R. auricularia offer potential for diverse applications and contribute to environmental sustainability as valuable biomaterials.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ3Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Mucus from Freshwater Snails Viviparus contectus and Planorbis rubrum
Kocabaş, Filiz Kutluyer; Kocabaş, Mehmet; Kızak, Volkan; Korkmaz, Büşra; Benzer, Fulya; Erişir, Mine
Abstract: As a viscous-elastic substance, snail mucus has a great attention in the medical and cosmetic industries in recent years due to contain many bioactive compounds. Freshwater snails are cosmopolite aquatic invertebrates and distribute nearly all types of inland aquatic bodies due to their adaptive abilities, rapid growth and short life cycles and, the compounds of mucus derived from freshwater snails has not been well documented. Hence, this study focused on identification bio-active ingredients and determination of protein content and antioxidant enzyme activities in freshwater snails Viviparus contectus and Planorbis rubrum mucus. Bioactive constituents of mucus in freshwater snails were characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-FID-MS) analysis. Antioxidants (GSH, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px) and protein content were assessed in freshwater snails. Our data revealed that thirteen compounds are characterized with nonadecanoic acid methyl ester (11.57%), nonadecane (5.01%) and heptadecanoic acid methyl ester (4.19%) as the main components of P. rubrum mucus while eleven compounds are characterized with farnesol (11.23%), 5-hydroxymethyl-1,1,4α-Trimethyl-6-methylene-decahydronphthalen-2-ol (9.73%), kaur-16-en-18-oic acid methyl ester (9.64%), tricosane (9.62%), and kaurene (8.44%) as the main components of V. contectus mucus. Nonadecanoic acid methyl ester and nonadecane, known as effective bioactive constituents having antimutagenic and antitumor capability, were determined with 11.57 and 5.01% of the total bio-active composition of P. rubrum mucus, respectively. As a major constituent, farnesol was detected with 11.23% of the total bio-active composition of V. contectus mucus. Moreover, the presence of kaurene, known as a potent bioactive compound for cancer treatment, in notably quantity in V. contectus mucus. In addition, GSH levels and SOD, CAT, and GPx activities was highest level in P. rubrum compared to V. contectus. Protein content was highest level in V. contectus than P. rubrum. Overall, individual compounds of V. contectus and P. rubrum mucus could be isolated and purified and used for the treatment of a variety of human ailments.
