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Koleksiyondaki öğeler
- BildiriYalnız künye2017Determination of optimum conditions of crystal violet dye adsorption on almond shells
Göksu, Ali; Tanaydin, Mehmet Kayra
Almond shells are considered as agricultural waste. In this study almond shells were chosen as effective adsorbents for removing Crystal Violet (CV) from dye solutions. The experimental data was analyzed via the Langmuir, Freudlich and Tempkin isotherm models to obtain isotherm model for the system and the data shows that the Langmuir isotherm model fitted best. Also, the thermodynamics parameters such as ΔH0, ΔG0 and ΔS0 were investigated. The results of the study show that almond shells are efficient and advantageous economically for removing CV from aqueous solutions. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 1.1375mg/g on almond shell. Adsorption kinetic studies indicate that the adsorption data can be represented by a pseudo second order model.
AtıfScopus4WoS4OpenAlex4
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2017Scopus SJRQ2The ability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium (ME446) on chemical oxygen demand remediation in submerged culture medium supplemented with malathion insecticide
Erguven, Gokhan Onder; Yildirim, Numan; Adar, Elanur
This present study aims to evaluating the efficiency of P. chrysosporium (P.c) to degrade the different concentrations of malathion (MLT) (50, 100 and 150 ppm) under agitated (130 rpm) submerged culture conditions via reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD). We have previously screening the growth of fungus in sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium for 6 days. We have also determined the laccase activity during degradation process for 15 days. According to our results the fungus has achieved 99.6, 98.8 and 98.7 % COD reduction at concentration of 50, 100 and 150 ppm respectively the end of the 15 days. The highest laccase activity (180 ± 5.69 U/L) was measured at concentration of 50 ppm the end of the 15 days and the lowest activity (36 ± 3.26) was determined at concentration of 150 ppm the end of the 15 days. The dried biomass of fungus was weighted at end of the 15 days and we have determined that malathion in culture medium reduced the biomass production compared the control group (SDB + P.c). Our results showed that, P. chrysosporium could be an effective bioremediation tool for treatment of malathion containing wastewater.
AtıfScopus11WoS11OpenAlex13İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2017Scopus SJRQ3Characterization of antioxidant activity, vitamins, and elemental composition of ciris (Asphodelus aestivus L.) from Tunceli, Turkey
Unal, Ilkay; Kaplan Ince, Olcay
Ciris (Asphodelus aestivus L.), which has been used for a wide range of medicinal purposes and is indigenous in Tunceli, Turkey, was collected from the eastern and western parts of the city. The goal of this study was to determine the vitamins, essential elements, and antioxidant activity of this natural product. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate radical scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, reducing power, total phenolics, and Vitamin A, Vitamin C, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, copper, manganese, and zinc concentrations were determined in ciris extracts. The concentrations of Vitamin A, Vitamin C, and Mn of ciris from west Tunceli were higher than samples from the east.
AtıfScopus7WoS7OpenAlex8İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020On Submanifolds of N(k)-Quasi Einstein Manifolds with a Type of Semi-Symmetric Metric Connection
Ünal, İnan
In this study, we consider the N(k)−quasi Einstein manifolds with respect to a type of semi-symmetric metric connection. We suppose that the generator of N(k)−quasi-Einstein manifolds is parallel with respect to semi-symmetric metric connection and we classify such manifolds. In addition, we consider the submanifolds of a N(k)−quasi Einstein manifold and we obtain some conditions on the totally geodesic and the totally umbilic submanifolds. Finally, we consider a para-Kenmotsu space form as an example of N(k)−quasi-Einstein manifolds.
AtıfScopus1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ3Survival of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Serogroups During Production and Storage of Yogurt
Celik1, G.; Dikici, A.; Koluman, A.
In this study, the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and non-O157 STEC serogroups of O26, O111, O103, and O145 were investigated during production and storage of yogurt. For this purpose, pathogens were individually inoculated into milk after pasteurization along with the starter culture (approximately 7.00±1.00 log10 cfu/g). After incubation at 44oC (about 180 min), yogurt samples were capped and stored at 4oC for 20 days. Pathogens were enumerated at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20th days of storage. Lactic acid content (%) and pH of the samples were also screened. Moreover, mesophilic Lactococcus spp. and mesophilic Lactobacillus spp. were enumerated during production of yogurt.After incubation, the number of E. coli O157, O26, O103, O145, O111were 6.76±0.45, 6.64±0.53, 7.12±0.43, 6.00±1.39, 5.89±1.37 log10 cfu/g, respectively. A significant decrease was determined in all groups during the storage of yogurt samples at 4oC (p<0.05). It was detected on the 20th day of storage that the number of E. coli O157:H7 and non-O157 STEC serogroups of O103 and O145 were under the detection limit. However, STEC O26 and O111 were viable around 1.51±0.98 and 1.18±0.62 log10 cfu/g respectively. Results of the study showed that Escherichia coli O157:H7 and non-O157 STEC serogroups might pose a potential health risk during production and storage of yogurt.
AtıfScopus4OpenAlex5İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ1Evaluation of the efficiency of chlorpyrifos-ethyl remediation by Methylobacterium radiotolerans and Microbacterium arthrosphaerae using response of some biochemical biomarkers
Onder Erguven, Gokhan; Tatar, Şule; Serdar, Osman; Yildirim, Nuran Cikcikoglu
This study reveals out detoxifying and antioxidant enzyme response of Gammarus pulex exposed/polluted to chlorpyrifos-ethyl insecticide before and after biodegradation/bioremediation by Methylobacterium radiotolerans and Microbacterium arthrosphaerae. Cytochrome P450 1A1, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities in G. pulex exposed to chlorpyrifos-ethyl before and after bioremediation/biodegradation by these two bacteria during 24 and 96 h tested by using commercial ELISA kits. The activity of catalase enzyme was decreased depending on chlorpyrifos-ethyl before and after bioremediation/biodegradation the enzyme activity was increased repeatedly. Superoxide dismutase activity level increased after chlorpyrifos-ethyl exposure in 96 h (p > 0.05). Following bioremediation, superoxide dismutase enzyme activity decreased again during 24 h (p > 0.05) and increased during 96 h (p < 0.05). Statistical differences were not found in cytochrome P450 1A1 enzyme activity before and after the process (p > 0.05). No significant differences were determined during the activity of glutathione S-transferase in 24 h (p > 0.05). The activities of glutathione S-transferase were increased after exposure of chlorpyrifos-ethyl during 96 h. After bioremediation; the activity of glutathione S-transferase increased even more (p < 0.05). The results determined that activities of G. pulex at superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase are common biomarkers for revealing out the efficiency of bioremediation of chlorpyrifos-ethyl with these two types of soil bacteria. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
AtıfScopus15WoS14OpenAlex16
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ1Numerical simulation and solutions of the two-component second order KdV evolutionarysystem
Yokus, Asif; Baskonus, Haci Mehmet; Sulaiman, Tukur Abdulkadir; Bulut, Hasan
In this study, with the aid of Wolfram Mathematica 11, the modified exp (−Ω(η)) -expansion function method is used in constructing some new analytical solutions with novel structure such as the trigonometric and hyperbolic function solutions to the well-known nonlinear evolutionary equation, namely; the two-component second order KdV evolutionary system. Second, the finite forward difference method is used in analyzing the numerical behavior of this equation. We consider equation (6.5) and (6.6) for the numerical analysis. We examine the stability of the two-component second order KdV evolutionary system with the finite forward difference method by using the Fourier-Von Neumann analysis. We check the accuracy of the finite forward difference method with the help of L2 and L∞ norm error. We present the comparison between the exact and numerical solutions of the two-component second order KdV evolutionary system obtained in this article which and support with graphics plot. We observed that the modified exp (−Ω(η)) -expansion function method is a powerful approach for finding abundant solutions to various nonlinear models and also finite forward difference method is efficient for examining numerical behavior of different nonlinear models.
AtıfScopus114WoS109OpenAlex139İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ3The effect of curcumin on lipid peroxidation and selected antioxidants in irradiated rats
Ozcelik, Mehtap; Erişir, Mine; Guler, Osman; Baykara, Murat; Kirman, Esra
The effect of irradiation on oxidants and antioxidants in selected tissues and a possible protective effect of curcumin on these indices were investigated. A total of 28 rats were divided into 3 groups; group 1 was control; group 2 was the irradiation group, saline was administered intraperiotenally (i.p.) for three days and then, 9 Gy gamma irradiation was applied; group 3 was the irradiation + curcumin group: curcumin was given i.p. for three days at 200 mg/ kg body weight and then the same dose of irradiation was applied. A significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) was detected in the liver, kidney, and brain tissues of the rats as a result of irradiation (P ˂ 0.01). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in all the tissues (except for kidneys) decreased (P ˂ 0.01), liver SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity decreased (P ˂ 0.05), and GSH (glutathione) levels in kidney and ovary tissues (P ˂ 0.001) significantly increased. While curcumin administration returned the increased MDA levels in the kidneys and brain in result of irradiation to normal (P ˂ 0.01), it did not return the increased MDA levels in the liver tissue to normal (P ˂ 0.001) despite significantly reducing them. While decreased GSH-Px and SOD activity in the liver in result of irradiation increased with the addition of curcumin (P ˂ 0.05), increased GSH levels in the kidneys and ovaries returned to control levels (P ˂ 0.001). When MDA values were examined, it was found that the addition of curcumin protected the liver, kidneys and brain from the oxidative damage caused by irradiation.
AtıfScopus8OpenAlex9İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ3Kinetic models for the extraction of copper by Acorga M5640 after leaching of malachite ore in perchloric acid solutions and the stripping of copper from loaded organic phase
Tanaydın, Mehmet Kayra; Demirkıran, Nizamettin
In the present work, the extraction kinetics of copper using the resulting actual leach solution obtained from the leaching of malachite ore in perchloric acid solutions and the stripping kinetics of copper from the loaded organic phase were examined. The organic phase was prepared by using Acorga M5640 and kerosene. In the extraction process, the effects of the initial pH of aqueous solution, initial concentration of copper, extractant concentration, temperature, and stirring speed on the extraction rate were investigated. In the stripping process, the effects of the concentration of perchloric acid, temperature, stirring speed, and extractant concentration on the stripping rate were examined. It was determined that the extraction rate increased with increasing the initial pH of aqueous solution, stirring speed, extractant concentration and temperature, and with decreasing the initial concentration of copper ions. In the stripping process, it was observed that the stripping rate increased with increasing the concentration of perchloric acid, temperature and stirring speed, and with decreasing the extractant concentration. It was determined that both the solvent extraction and stripping processes could be described by the first order pseudo homogenous reaction model. The activation energy for the extraction and stripping processes was calculated to be 50.04 kJ/mol and 32.42 kJ/mol, respectively.
AtıfScopus8WoS7OpenAlex10İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ3Regarding some novel exponential travelling wave solutions to the Wu–Zhang system arising in nonlinear water wave model
Yel, G.; Baskonus, H.M.; Bulut, H.
In this paper, our main aim is to find the new travelling wave solutions to the Wu–Zhang system which describes dispersive long waves. Some new and important travelling wave solutions with rational and exponential function structures are successfully constructed by using the improved Bernoulli subequation function method. All the obtained solutions in this study satisfy the Wu–Zhang system. The interesting three- and two-dimensional surfaces to all the obtained solutions are plotted. We carried out all the computations and the graphics plots in this paper with aid of the Wolfram Mathematica 9.
AtıfScopus13OpenAlex18İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ4Examining the biochemical effect of malathion pesticide on gammarus pulex (l., 1798)
Yukse, Fahrettin; Aydin, Rahmi; Serdar, Osman; Pala, Avsegul
This study determined the effect of a pesticide with malathion as active substance on Gammams pulex in terms of oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Firstly, 96-hours LC50 value of malathion on G. pulex was determined. Then, the organisms were exposed to determined sublethal concentrations (at the rate of 1/40, 1/20 and 1/10 LC50 value) of malathion for 24 and 96 hours. Thiobarbituric Acid Rcactive Substances (TBARS), rcduccd glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities in the control group and samples that were exposed to malathion for 24 and 96 hours were determined. The results showed that TBARS level significantly increased in G. pulex that was exposed to malathion for 24 and 96 hours compared to the control group (p <0.05). However, GSH level, SOD, CAT and GPx activities dccrcascd (p <0.05). Malathion exposure caused oxidative stress in G. pulex. These results revealed that MDA, GSH levels, SOD, CAT and CiPx activities can be used as effective biomarkcrs in G. pulex.
AtıfScopus1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ2On the soliton solutions to the Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov and the Drinfel’d-Sokolov systems
Cattani, Carlo; Sulaiman, Tukur Abdulkadir; Baskonus, Haci Mehmet; Bulut, Hasan
This study investigates the Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov and the Drinfel’d-Sokolov systems by using the extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion method. The Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov system is an isotropic Lax extension of the one-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries equation and the Drinfel’d-Sokolov system is a nonlinear model that possesses some special forms of Lax pairs. Topological kink-type, topological, non-topological, compound topological-non-topological bell-type and singular soliton solutions are successfully constructed. Under the choice of suitable values of parameters, the 2D, 3D and contour graphs to some of the obtained solutions are plotted.
AtıfScopus87WoS94OpenAlex101İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2019Scopus SJRQ1Lactose hydrolysis and protein fortification pose an increased risk for the formation of Maillard reaction products in UHT treated milk products
Aktağ, Işıl Gürsul; Hamzalıoğlu, Aytül; Gökmen, Vural
This study aimed to survey the content of Maillard reaction products in different UHT-treated milk products and to assess how formation of these products and lysine blockage is affected by the composition. For this purpose, different commercial UHT milks including milk (whole, semi-skimmed and skimmed), lactose-hydrolyzed, protein-fortified, lactose-hydrolyzed protein fortified and follow-on infant milks were analyzed. Among the Maillard reaction products, dicarbonyl compounds, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furosine, N-ε-carboxymethyllysine and N-ε-carboxyethyllysine were monitored. The results showed that fortification of UHT milks with protein and carbohydrates as well as hydrolysis of lactose promoted the Maillard reaction. Among the dicarbonyl compounds, 3-deoxyglucosone formation, which was the dominant dicarbonyl compound in milks, varied between 3.12–12.67 mg/L, 13.45–21.98 mg/L and 4.59–40.38 mg/L in lactose hydrolyzed, lactose-hydrolyzed protein-fortified and follow-on infant milks whereas it was 0.22-0.40 mg/L in milks, respectively. Similarly, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural could not be detected in milks, whereas mean 5-hydroxymethylfurfural concentration was found to be 56.3 mg/L and 31.5 mg/L in protein-fortified milks and lactose-hydrolyzed protein-fortified milks, respectively. Accordingly, % blocked lysine, furosine, N-ε-carboxymethyllysine and N-ε-carboxyethyllysine content of different UHT milks were found to be significantly higher than milks (p < 0.05). This is the first study reporting the Maillard reaction products in protein-fortified and infant milks.
AtıfScopus55WoS51OpenAlex54İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ3A new family of archimedean copula via trigonometric generator function
Susam, Selim Orhun
In this paper, new type of Archimedean copula based on cotangent generator function, and dependence characteristics are investigated. Also, the estimation procedure of the dependence parameter is given. A Monte Carlo study is performed to measure the performance of estimators. To demonstrate the goodness of fit performance of the new family, a real data analysis is performed.
AtıfScopus13WoS10OpenAlex11TR Dizin1
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ2Paenidigyamycin A, potent antiparasitic imidazole alkaloid from the ghanaian Paenibacillus sp. De2Sh
Osei, Enoch; Kwain, Samuel; Mawuli, Gilbert Tetevi; Anang, Abraham Kwabena; Owusu, Kofi Baffour-Awuah; Camas, Mustafa; Camas, Anil Sazak; Ohashi, Mitsuko; Alexandru-Crivac, Cristina-Nicoleta; Deng, Hai
A new alkaloid paenidigyamycin A (1) was obtained from the novel Ghanaian Paenibacillus sp. isolated from the mangrove rhizosphere soils of the Pterocarpus santalinoides tree growing in the wetlands of the Digya National Park, Ghana. Compound 1 was isolated on HPLC at tR = 37.0 min and its structure determined by MS, 1D, and 2D-NMR data. When tested against L. major, 1 (IC50 0.75 µM) was just as effective as amphotericin B (IC50 0.31 µM). Against L. donovani, 1 (IC50 7.02 µM) was twenty-two times less active than amphotericin B (IC50 0.32 µM), reinforcing the unique effectiveness of 1 against L. major. For T. brucei brucei, 1 (IC50 0.78 µM) was ten times more active than the laboratory standard Coptis japonica (IC50 8.20 µM). The IC50 of 9.08 µM for 1 against P. falciparum 3d7 compared to artesunate (IC50 36 nM) was not strong, but this result suggests the possibility of using the paenidigyamycin scaffold for the development of potent antimalarial drugs. Against cercariae, 1 showed high anticercaricidal activity compared to artesunate. The minimal lethal concentration (MLC) and minimal effective concentration (MEC) of the compound were 25 and 6.25 µM, respectively, while artesunate was needed in higher quantities to produce such results. However, 1 (IC50 > 100 µM) was not active against T. mobilensis.
AtıfScopus32OpenAlex32İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Evaluation of the gamma and neutron shielding properties of 64 TeO 2+ 15 ZnO + (20 - x) CdO + xBaO + 1 V 2O 5 glass system using Geant4 simulation and Phy-X database software
Aşkin, A.
In this study, fast neutron removal cross-section and γ-ray shielding capabilities in terms of mass attenuation coefficient (μm), transmission fractions (T), effective atomic numbers (Zeff), half-value layer (HVL) and exposure build-up factors (EBF) of the 64 TeO 2+ 15 ZnO + (20 - x) CdO + xBaO + 1 V 2O 5 (x= 0 , 5 , 10 , 15 , 20 mol%) glass system have been evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations carried out with Geant4 model of the high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector and Phy-X database software. The results of this study revealed that γ-ray shielding capability of the studied glass system increases with the increase of BaO content and decrease of CdO content in the chemical structure due to the high atomic number (Z) of Ba compared to Cd. The results also showed that increase of BaO fraction in the glass structure weakens the neutron shielding ability and by the use of low Z elements in the composites better shielding performance against neutrons can be obtained.
AtıfScopus7WoS6OpenAlex6İncele - Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2019Scopus SJRQ2TRAIL Mediated Signaling in Breast Cancer: Awakening Guardian Angel to Induce Apoptosis and Overcome Drug Resistance
Yin, Ning; Yi, Liu; Khalid, Sumbul; Ozbey, Ulku; Uteuliev, Yerzhan Sabitaliyevich; Farooqi, Ammad Ahmad
Sequencing technologies have allowed us to characterize highly heterogeneous molecular landscape of breast cancer with unprecedented details. Tremendous breakthroughs have been made in unraveling contributory role of signaling pathways in breast cancer development and progression. It is becoming progressively more understandable that deregulation of spatio-temporally controlled pathways underlie development of resistance against different drugs. TRAIL mediated signaling has attracted considerable appreciation because of its characteristically unique ability to target cancer cells while leaving normal cells intact. Discovery of TRAIL was considered as a paradigm shift in molecular oncology because of its conspicuous ability to selectively target cancer cells. There was an exponential growth in the number of high-quality reports which highlighted cancer targeting ability of TRAIL and scientists worked on the development of TRAIL-based therapeutics and death receptor targeting agonistic antibodies to treat cancer. However, later studies challenged simplistic view related to tumor targeting ability of TRAIL. Detailed mechanistic insights revealed that overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins, inactivation of pro-apoptotic proteins and downregulation of death receptors were instrumental in impairing apoptosis in cancer cells. Therefore researchers started to give attention to identification of methodologies and strategies to overcome the stumbling blocks associated with TRAIL-based therapeutics. Subsequent studies gave us a clear picture of signaling cascade of TRAIL and how deregulation of different proteins abrogated apoptosis. In this chapter we have attempted to provide an overview of the TRAIL induced signaling, list of proteins frequently deregulated and modern approaches to strategically restore apoptosis in TRAIL–resistant breast cancers.
AtıfScopus6WoS7OpenAlex7İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2Rheological behavior of sour cherry juices concentrated by ohmic and conventional evaporation processes under vacuum
Sabanci, Serdal; Icier, Filiz
In this study, sour cherry juice was evaporated up to 65% total soluble solid content (TSSC) under vacuum (25 kPa) by ohmic-assisted vacuum evaporation (OAVE) and vacuum evaporation (VE). The effects of voltage gradients (10–14 V/cm) on the rheological behavior of sour cherry concentrates having different TSCC (30%–65%) were determined, and compared with those of VE. In general, the shear stress increased as the shear rate increased for all concentrations. Since the statistical error values of Power Law and Newton models were similar (p >.05), the most appropriate model describing the rheological behavior was chosen as Newton model being more nominative and mathematically simpler. The viscosity of concentrates (30%–65%) varied in the range of 0.003–0.119 Pa.s. The increase in the viscosity values depending on TSSC during evaporation was similar for both processes. Thus, OAVE could be beneficial alternative method to VE for the purpose of producing fruit juice concentrates having similar rheological properties. Practical applications: It is an alternative evaporation method in the literature in recent years by integrating ohmic heating into the evaporation process. However, in order for the ohmic evaporation process to be an alternative, it is necessary to provide qualities of fruit juices similar to or better than the vacuum evaporation process. One of the most important features for the transportation of fruit juices in industrial transport lines is rheological properties. In this study, it is important to determine that the consistency of the product resulting from the use of ohmic heating support in evaporation does not differ from the conventional method. The data obtained in this publication will constitute an important data infrastructure for scaling OAVE operation to industrial systems as an alternative.
AtıfScopus10WoS6OpenAlex8İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ2New results on nondensely characterized integrodifferential equations with fractional order
Ravichandran, C.; Jothimani, K.; Baskonus, Haci Mehmet; Valliammal, N.
This study reports a novel approach which deals with the coupled classes of fractional integrodifferential equations for nondensely characterized linear operators in the Banach space. Using the noncompact measure theory, we investigate the existence of the results presented.
AtıfScopus69WoS65OpenAlex77İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2019Scopus SJRQ2The effect of a glyphosate-based herbicide on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status in freshwater amphipod: Gammarus pulex (Crustacean)
Pala, Ayşegül
This study had determined the effect of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status in Gammarus pulex. Firstly, the 96-h LC50 value of glyphosate on G. pulex was determined and calculated as 403 μg/L. Subsequently, the organisms were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (10, 20, and 40 μg/L) of the determined GHB for 24 and 96 h. The samples were taken from control and GBH-treated groups at 24 and 96 h of study and analysed to determine the malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, the AChE, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities. In the G. pulex exposed to GBH for 24 and 96 h, the MDA level increased significantly (p < 0.05). The GSH level, the AChE, the CAT, and the GPx activities decreased compared with the control group (p < 0.05). G. pulex exposure to GBH for 24 h showed a temporary reduction in the SOD. GBH exposure led to oxidative stress in the G. pulex as well as affected the cholinergic system of the organism. These results indicated that the parameters measured may be important indicators of herbicide contamination in G. pulex.
AtıfScopus33WoS31OpenAlex35İncele
