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Koleksiyondaki öğeler
- MakaleYalnız künye2013Scopus SJRQ3Determination of lethal concentration (LC50) values of Cinnamomum zeylanicum hydrosol on carp fish
Gulec, Kucukgul A.; Altinterim, B.; Aksu, O.
In this study, lethal concentration (LC50) values of cinnamon hydrosol (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) on carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. In practice, experimental setup was constituted 30 fish (a total of 180 fish with 30 control fish) to be placed in three replicates. Hydrosol was added into aquariums at the doses of 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10% and determined mortality times of carp exposed to these concentrations. Percentage death of fish calculated in these concentrations. Mortality was observed at all treatments exception of dose of 0.5 %. The results indicate that the hydrosol had swimming changes, lethargy, lack of breath and leaning to the depth of the aquariums at all of the concentrations. The results of regression analysis indicated that the mortality rate (Y) is positively correlated the concentration (X) having a regression coefficient (R) close to one in each case. While the 1 h LC50 value (with 95% confidence limits) of the safe dose of C. zeylanicum hydrosol was estimated at LC50=4.39%, 2 h LC50 value=2.629%, and 12 h LC50 value= 1.027%.
AtıfWoS10
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2015Scopus SJRQ3EFFECTS OF SEMEN EXTENDER SUPPLEMENTED WITH L-METHIONINE AND PACKAGING METHODS (STRAWS AND PELLETS) ON POST-THAW GOLDFISH (Carassius auratus) SPERM QUALITY AND DNA DAMAGE
Kutluyer, Filiz; Ögretmen, Fatih; Inanan, Burak Evren
BACKGROUND: Amino acids protect spermatozoa against cell damage during cryopreservation due to have antioxidant property and found in seminal plasma at high concentration. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present work was to analyse the effect of extender supplementation with L-methionine on post-thawed sperm motility, duration and DNA damage and also it was tested the feasibility of using straws and pellets method for the cryopreservation of goldfish (Carassius auratus) sperm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extenders were supplemented with different L-methionine concentrations of 1 mM; 1.5 mM; 3 mM; 6 mM. Semen samples diluted at the ratio of 1:9 by the extenders were subjected to cryopreservation. After dilution the semen was aspirated into 0.25 ml straws and 0.1 ml pellets, the straws and pellets were placed on the tray, frozen in nitrogen vapor and plunged into liquid nitrogen. DNA damage was determined with comet assay after cryopreservation.. RESULTS: Our results indicated that an increase in the concentration of L-methionine caused a significant increase in the motility rate and duration of sperm in goldfish (C. auratus) (p<0.05). In addition, duration and percentage of motility in pellets were higher than in straws. Comparing all concentrations of L-methionine, the best concentration of L-methionine was 1.5 mM. Highest post-thaw motility (45.00 +/- 7.07%) and duration of motility (17.00 +/- 0.71s) were obtained with the extender at concentration 1.5 mM in pellets. Addition of the extender with L-methionine was reduced DNA damage compared to control group. CONCLUSION: Consequently, pellets could be use for goldfish sperm cryopreservation and the tested amino acid affected the motility parameters, and semen extenders could be supplement with L-methionine.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020SOME FLATNESS CONDITIONS ON NORMAL METRIC CONTACT PAIRS
Ünal, Inan
In this paper, the geometry of normal metric contact pair manifolds is studied under the circle divide atness of conformal, concircular and quasi-conformal curvature tensors. It is proved that a conformal flat normal metric contact pair manifold is an Einstein manifold with a positive scalar curvature and has positive sectional curvature. It is also shown that a concircular flat normal metric contact pair manifold is an Einstein manifold. Finally, it is obtained that a quasi-conformally flat normal metric contact pair manifold is an Einstein manifold with a positive scalar curvature and, is a space of constant curvature.
AtıfOpenAlex4TR Dizin3
İncele - BildiriYalnız künye2022Machine Learning-Based A Comparative Analysis for Air Quality Prediction
Utku, Anil; Can, Umit
Air pollution affects human life negatively, especially in terms of health, and causes the death of millions of people every year. Today, air pollution in many regions is still above the limits indicated by the World Health Organization. In this study, the prediction of the rate of PM2.5, which is an important air pollutant, in the Beijing region of China is emphasized. For this purpose, weather prediction models were created using Random Forest Algorithm, Support Vector Regression, XGBoost and K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm, which are popular machine learning algorithms, and the results were compared using various metrics. The best prediction result in all the metrics used was obtained with the Support Vector Regression method.
AtıfWoS2OpenAlex8İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2023Fear of Getting Pregnant Scale Development Study
Dal, Nursel Alp; Beydag, Kerime Derya
Objective: This study was carried out to develop a measurement tool that determines the factors that may be effective in women's fear of getting pregnant and to test its validity and reliability. Methods: The sample of the study, which was carried out with a methodological design, consisted of 240 sexually active women who presented to the obstetrics clinic of a hospital in the Anatolian side of Istanbul between February 1 and June 1, 2021. The draft of the Fear of Getting Pregnant Scale was created by the researchers. The item pool for the draft scale consisted of 22 items. After the validity and reliability analyses, the final form of the scale contained 18 items. The scale consisted of three dimensions: physical reasons (5 items), psychological reasons (6 items), and social reasons (7 items). After evaluating the content validity of the scale, its test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity were examined. Explanatory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Bartlett's test of sphericity, Cronbach's alpha test, and Shapiro-Wilk test were used in the development of the scale. Results: In the validity and reliability study of the Fear of Getting Pregnant Scale, the Content Validity Index (CVI) was found to be .83. The total Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was determined as .95, and the Cronbach's alpha values of the dimensions were .91 for physical reasons, .89 for psychological reasons, and .90 for social reasons. Conclusion: In line with these data, it was determined that the Fear of Getting Pregnant Scale is a valid and reliable scale.
AtıfWoS1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2010Scopus SJRQ3Comparison of Hatching Performances and Yolk Sac Absorptions of Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811), Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, 1814) and Their Hybrid
Basçinar, Nadir; Kocabas, Mehmet; Sahin, Sebnem Atasaral; Okumus, Ibrahim
The aims of this study were to determine hatching performance, body and yolk weight at hatching, the growth rate during the yolk absorption and yolk conversion efficiency of Black Sea trout, brook trout and their hybrid larvae, and to compare the relationships between length, total wet weight, dry yolk body weights of alevins and degree-days. The Black Sea trout egg has shorter incubation duration than brook trout and their hybrid. Survival from fertilization to swim-up of brook trout, Black Sea trout, and hybrid were 45.8%, 54.3% and 30.7%, respectively. Length, total wet weight, dry larva weights, and dry yolk weights of brook trout, Black Sea trout and hybrid exhibited a linear relationship with degree-days; dry yolk weight decreased, while length, total wet weight and dry body weight increased with degree-days. The linear regression parameters excluding length slope were significantly different. Length and weight increase as well as growth rates, daily yolk sac consumption and yolk sac efficiency values were calculated as 0.21 mm/day, 0.63 mg/day, 0.30 mg/day, and 0.61 for brook trout; 0.19 mm/day, 0.87 mg/day, 0.60 mg/day, and 0.76 for Black Sea trout, and 0.20 mm/day, 0.45 mg/day, 0.28 mg/day, and 0.46 for hybrid, respectively.
AtıfWoS5İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2013Scopus SJRQ4Occurrence and Assessment of Chemical Contaminants in Drinking Water in Tunceli, Turkey
Demir, Veysel; Ergin, Sezai
The objective of this study was to analyze drinking water samples from 21 sites in the city center and seven municipalities of Tunceli, Turkey, in order to determine the presence of nitrate, nitrite, fluoride, bromate, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), trihalomethanes (THMs), and some other chemicals. In all locations, the concentrations of chemicals investigated were below the permissible limits set by local and international organizations for drinking water. Low levels of nitrate (4.79 +/- 4.20 mg/L), fluoride (0.11 +/- 0.08 mg/L), and THMs (6.63 +/- 5.14 mu g/L) were detected in all locations. A low level of tetra, chloroethane, which is suspected to be a human carcinogen, was also detected in 8 locations in the range of 0.26-0.43 mu g/L. These contaminants may pose adverse health effects or minimum hazard due to long-term exposure. In all locations, bromate, benzene, total PAH, 1-2 dichloroethane, vinyl chloride, acrylamide, and epichloridine levels in drinking water samples were under detection limits.
AtıfWoS9OpenAlex11İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ1Performance and Aging Characteristics of Hot Mixture Asphalt with Crumb Rubber and Warm Mix Asphalt Additives
Akpolat, Mustafa; Kök, Baha Vural; Yilmaz, Mehmet
In this study, the mixes prepared using crumb rubber (CR) and binders with warm mix additives were aged through various aging methods (1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks at 60 degrees C in the laboratory; 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months under the environmental conditions; and AASHTO R30) and examined in terms of performance and aging index. The indirect tensile strength (ITS), indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM), and fatigue tests were applied to the pure and the CR,CR+Sasobit, andCR+Evothermmodified aged and nonaged mixes, and the aging indexes were determined according to the results obtained. According to the test results,CR+Sasobitwas found to be the best mix in terms of mechanical properties. Using the warm asphalt additives in the CR modification was determined to decrease the aging indexes and retarded the aging. Also determined was that a high correlation exists between the aging at 60 degrees C in the laboratory and the aging under the environmental conditions. Based on the fatigue test results, AASHTO R30 short-term aging (4 h at 135 degrees C) was determined to cause structural deterioration in the mixes and yielded low load repetition relative to the pure mixes. Therefore, using this method for the short-term aging of the CR modified mixes would not be appropriate. When the tests applied were evaluated in terms of the aging indexes, the fatigue test was found to be the most sensitive method for detecting aging in the pure mixes and mixes with additives. (C) 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
AtıfWoS17OpenAlex15İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021On Metric Contact Pairs with Certain Semi-Symmetry Conditions
Ünal, Inan
Blair et al. [7] introduced the notion of bicontact manifold in the context of Hermitian geometry. Bande and Hadjar [1] studied on this notion under the name of contact pairs. These type of structures have important properties and their geometry is some different from classical contact structures. In this paper, we study on some semi-symmetry properties of the normal contact pair manifolds. We prove that a Ricci semi-symmetric (or concircularly Ricci semi-symmetric) normal metric contact pair manifold is a generalized quasi-Einstein manifold. Also, we classify normal metric contact pair manifolds as a generalized quasi-Einstein manifold with certain semi-symmetry conditions L (X, Z).R = 0, R(X, Z).L = 0 and L (X, Z).L = 0 for the concircular curvature tensor L, the Riemannian curvature tensor R, and an arbitrary vector field X.
- MakaleYalnız künye2010Scopus SJRQ3Biochemical Flavour Parameters of Milk in Early Lactation
Bayril, T.; Cimen, M.; Tekelioglu, O.
This research was aimed to investigate the biochemical flavour-parameters of milk by machine milking in early lactation period. In the experiment, milk samples from 50 Holstein cows were used. Cows were fed high-energy concentrate diet (140 g crude protein and 10.3 metabolizable energy MJ/d). The data was collected from DIMES Company during July month. The milk fat rates were lower (p < 0.05) for cows in first and second weeks than last week. Cows were shown to be more sensitive to milk fat syndrome for first and second weeks. A decrease in milk fat percentage for summer period (2.3-2.6 %) can directly lead to taste loss. There were statistically no significant differences between the weeks for milk acidity (sH and pH) values during July. The milk acidity values (sH and pH) during July were tolerable for desired taste and favourable for consumer preference.
AtıfWoS2İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2011Scopus SJRQ3Some Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) in Munzur River, Tunceli, Turkey
Gulec, A. K.; Yildirim, N. C.; Danabas, D.; Yildirim, N.
Haematological parameters are indicators of the response of the animal to the environment and used as reliable indicators of fish health status to detect physiological changes following different stress conditions. This study was carried out to evaluate some haematological and biochemical parameters of Cyprinus carpio caught in Munzur River, Tunceli, Turkey. The values of total red blood cell count (RBC), haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cellular haemoglobin content (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), platelet distribution width (PDW) were measured. Levels of amylase, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), cholesterol (CHOL), albumin (ALB), total protein (T-PROT), direct bilirubin (D-BIL), total bilirubin (T-BIL), gamma glutamyle tranferas (GGT), urea, creatinine, glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TRIG), uric acid (Uric-A), sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron, chlorine were determined as 1.02 10(12)/L, 17.90 %, 11.72 g/L, 198.00 fL, 166.82 pg, 89.50 g/dL, 112.80 10(9)/L, 8.06 fL, 0.055 %, 17.59 fL, 87.20 U/L, 220.24 mg/dL, 767.40 mg/dL, 1.60 g/dL, 4.68 g/dL, 1.83 mg/dL, 3.046 mg/dL, 12.00 U/L, 9.20 mg/dL, 0.72 mg/dL. 504.40 mg/dL, 381.00 mg/dL, 2.76 mg/dL, 134.20 mmol/L, 1.90 mmol/L, 13.78 mg/dL, 17.96 mg/dL, 262.60 g/dL, 81.80 mmol/L, respectively. We assume that variation in values of blood indices may be a defensive mechanism against pollution.
AtıfWoS8İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2011Scopus SJRQ3Proximate Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Mineral Content of Wild Brown Trout (Salmo trutta sp.) From Munzur River in Tunceli, Turkey
Kayim, Murathan; Öksüz, Abdullah; Özyilmaz, Ayse; Kocabas, Mehmet; Can, Erkan; Kizak, Volkan; Ates, Mehmet
In present study, the proximate composition, fatty acid profile and mineral content of wild brown trout living in Munzur river (Tunceli/Turkey) were investigated. The average level of protein, lipid, moisture and ash content of muscle of the wild brown trout was calculated to be 17.48, 2.3, 77.8 and 1.5 %, respectively. Thirty fatty acids were identified in this study. Identification of the fatty acid was carried out with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUPA) were found the highest fatty acid followed by that of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3), linolenic acid (LNA, C18:3n3) and linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n6) were found to be predominant fatty acids in PUFAs with the percentages of 11.25, 6.82, 6.30 and 4.88, respectively. The ratio of n3/n6 and DHA /EPA was calculated to be 4.55 and 1.65, respectively. Twelve elements were determined in this study. Determination of elements was performed with ICP-AES. P and K were the predominant element among the minerals analyzed and calculated to be 1305.56-2967.06 and 1908.68-1220.10 mg kg(-1) in muscle-skin of the wild brown trout, respectively.
AtıfWoS8İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2014Scopus SJRQ4Production of Lipase by P. fluorescens (NRLL B-2641) under Submerged Fermentation Conditions
Tanyol, Mehtap; Uslu, Gulsad
Lipases are industrially important enzymes produced by a great variety of microorganisms. In this study, the production of extracellular lipase by Pseudomonas fluorescens (NRLL B-2641) using submerged fermentation was studied: The effects of. initial pH, carbon source, nitrogen source and metal ion addition on lipase activity were investigated using batch experiments. The highest enzyme activity and biomass production obtained were 2.50 U mL(-1) and 2.95 g cell dry wt. L-1, respectively, using a fermentation medium with 1% corn oil as the carbon source, 0.4% peptone as the nitrogen source and an initial pH of 6.0. The addition of calcium increased the enzyme activity to 3.30 U mL(-1). Thus, initial lipase activity, which was 0.92 U mL(-1), increased 356%. Partial characterization of crude lipase was performed to determine the optimum pH and temperature. The crude lipase displayed high activities at pH 6.0-8.5 and 35-65 degrees C, with maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 50 degrees C.
- MakaleYalnız künye2016Scopus SJRQ1New acoustic wave behaviors to the Davey-Stewartson equation with power-law nonlinearity arising in fluid dynamics
Baskonus, Haci Mehmet
This manuscript investigates the new acoustic wave behaviors of the Davey-Stewartson equation with power-law nonlinearity with the help of sine-Gordon expansion method. This technique yields many new acoustic wave behaviors such as hyperbolic, exponential and complex function structures to the problem considered. Wolfram Mathematica 9 has been used throughout the paper for mathematical calculations along with obtaining two-and three-dimensional surfaces of results.
AtıfWoS142OpenAlex156İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2023Does Tourism Reduce Regional Inequality? Spatial Appearance of Tourism Development in Turkey
Kervankiran, Ismail; Sert Eteman, Fatma
Interregional development disparities have emerged as one of the most controversial issues in contemporary discourse. Across the globe, disparities in various facets, including social, cultural, tourism, and economic dimensions, are strikingly evident. Turkey, a nation renowned for its importance in the global tourism landscape, is no exception to this phenomenon. The spatial distribution of tourism development in Turkey reveals an inequality. This study aims to examine the variations in interregional tourism development by establishing a comprehensive tourism development index for Turkish cities and subsequently categorizing them based on their distinctive levels of development. To achieve this, a dataset consisting of 18 variables from various public institutions in the year 2017 was compiled. With this data set, Principal Component Analysis was employed to compute the tourism development index for each city, and the Hierarchical Cluster Method was used to categorize cities into distinct development categories. In conclusion, the research underscores the influence of both policy interventions, planning, and the intrinsic characteristics of cities in shaping the spatial disparities in tourism development within Turkey. The implementation of neoliberal policies has notably concentrated capital, investments, and the tourism market in the Mediterranean and Aegean coastal regions, exacerbating spatial inequality in tourism. The implications of this study hold the potential to guide policymakers in narrowing the gaps in interregional tourism development within Turkey, thereby fostering a more equitable and sustainable future.
AtıfWoS4İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2024Geochemical and petrological features of Carboniferous granites from the Güneydere (Bayburt) area
Gücer, Mehmet Ali; Delimehmet, Zeynep; Çimen, Okay
Middle-Late Carboniferousgranitic rocks are widely observed in larger outcrops in the Eastern Pontide orogenic belt of the Eastern Sakarya Zone. This tectonic belt is an important part of the Anatolian plate in terms of containing igneous rocks with a wide age and composition range. This study presents new petrochemical-petrological data on Carboniferous granites in the G & uuml;neydere and surrounding area of Bayburt (NE Turkey). The granitic rocks, which include an area of approximately 5 km, represent the pre-Jurassic basement in the study area. Besides, they are unconformably overlain by Early- Middle Jurassic volcano-clastics units and Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous limestones. They mainly consist ofgranite, granite porphyry and aplite, to a lesser extent granodiorite and quartz monzonite. Rocks have high SiO2 contents (60.43-75.51%) and high K calc-alkali to shoshonitic affinities and have been derived from an I-type source. The granitic rocks are metalumine-peralumine in character and are similar to postcollisional volcanic arc granitoids. Whole-rocks major and trace element trends show that plagioclase, hornblende, biotite, apatite, and Fe-Ti oxide mineral fractionations play an important role in the formation of the rocks. It has been revealed that fractional crystallization and assimilation+magma mixing processes play a role in the development of granites. Also, the saturation temperatures calculated from the whole-rock zircon values reflect lower initial magma temperatures. All results obtained indicate that parental magma of studied granitic rocks have evolved from lower/middle crust- derived melts as a result of partial melting and differentiated and emplaced in the continental magma chamber.
AtıfOpenAlex1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2011Scopus SJRQ1Geometric network simulation of high porosity foods
Gueven, A.; Hicsasmaz, Z.
Solid foods are formed of a network of air cells distributed within a solid matrix. Size of air cells and how they are interconnected influence moisture sorption, thermal conductivity, aroma retention and texture of cellular foods. Available geometric pore structure models widely used in petroleum reservoir engineering, soil science, and catalysis are for low porosity (<= 0.4) materials. However, food materials generally have higher porosities (0.5-0.9). Microstructure of cookie (porosity = 0.54) and bread (porosity = 0.90) samples were simulated using the one-dimensional (1-D) corrugated pore model. Model parameters were: Unit cell dimensions; number of capillary segments, number of diameter sub-ranges, geometric placement of capillary segments in the unit cell; capillary segment length, and the seed number in random number generation. Accurate simulation of porosity depended on number of corrugated pores, and thus the number of diameter sub-ranges in the unit cell. For the cookie sample, a cubic unit cell that was able to accommodate more than a single capillary segment in a unit square and 3 diameter sub-ranges gave realistic results. Simulation of the bread crumb required a similar cubic unit cell arrangement with 12 diameter sub-ranges. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
AtıfWoS3OpenAlex4İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2014Scopus SJRQ3EXPLORING THE OPTIMUM CONDITIONS FOR MAXIMIZING THE MICROBIAL GROWTH OF Candida intermedia BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Yönten, Vahap; Aktas, Nahit
Exploring optimum and cost-efficient medium composition for microbial growth of Candida intermedia Y-1981 yeast culture growing on whey was studied by applying a multistep response surface methodology. In the first step, Plackett-Burman (PB) design was utilized to determine the most significant fermentation medium factors on microbial growth. The medium temperature, sodium chloride and lactose concentrations were determined as the most important factors. Subsequently, the optimum combinations of the selected factors were explored by steepest ascent (SA) and central composite design (CCD). The optimum values for lactose and sodium chloride concentrations and medium temperature were found to be 18.4g/L, 0.161g/L, and 32.4 degrees C, respectively. Experiments carried out at the optimum conditions revealed a maximum specific growth rate of 0.090 1/hr; 42% of total lactose removal was achieved in 24h of fermentation time. The obtained results were finally verified with batch reactor experiments carried out under the optimum conditions evaluated.
AtıfWoS14OpenAlex16İncele - BildiriYalnız künye2015Fault Location on Series Compensated Power Transmission Lines Using Transient Spectrum
Akmaz, Duzgun; Mamis, Mehmet Salih; Arkan, Muslum; Tagluk, M. Emin
Nowadays sustainability and quality of energy have gained more importance. Power outages due to failures particularly cause interruption of production at industrial facilities may lead to loss of manpower and resources. One of the major causes of power outages in the power system is the short-circuit faults occurring in transmission lines. The most important requirement to clear the fault in a short time is to estimate the fault location quickly and accurately. In this study, fault location is determined in series compensated power transmission lines utilizing transient frequency spectrum. It has been shown that the method is suitable for series compensated lines.
AtıfWoS4İncele - MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2010Scopus SJRQ3The Effects of Different Feeds under the Same Salinity Conditions on the Growth and Survival Rate of Artemia
Kayim, Murathan; Ates, Mehmet; Elekon, Hasan Alper
This study reports effects of 4 different feeds under same salinity conditions on feeding of anemia in terms of growth and survival rate. The feeds comprised of four groups (Group A: -16% Selco + 80% Headstart + 4% Molasses mixture feed; Group B: -85% Chlorella + 15% Molasses mixture feed; Group C: 50% Chlorella + 50% Headstart mixture feed and Group D: -100% Chlorella feed). Through stabilizing temperature, oxygen, pH and salinity values as general water parameters and replacing 10% sea water from the tank on daily basis, the survival rate and the growth in length of the anemia were analysed as well as the changes in nitrite content in the water. The results showed that the highest increase of 1400 mu in anemia with average pre-test length of 450 mu was observed on feed C. The highest rate of 58.33% survival was recorded on feed D. Similarly, the highest nitrite of 1.50 mg L-1 was measured in trial tank containing artemia fed on feed A and least nitrite generation of 0.45 mg L-1 was noted in trial tank containing anemia fed on feed C.
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