Heavy metal and arsenic concentrations in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farmed in a dam reservoir on the Firat (Euphrates) River: Risk-based consumption advisories

The concentrations of ten metals in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farmed in the Karakaya Dam Reservoir (Turkey) on the Firat River were determined. The metal concentrations in rainbow trout did not exceed the maximum permissible levels. Biomagnification factors (BMF) of ten metals were < 1, indicating that these metals were not biomagnified. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of each metal was much lower than the respective tolerable daily intake (TDI). The target hazard quotient (THQ) for individual metal and total THQ for combined metals were lower than 1, indicating no health risk for consumers due to the intake of either individual metal or combined metals. The cancer risk (CR) value for toxic inorganic As was below 10–6, indicating no carcinogenic risk. According to the calculated maximum allowable consumption rates (CRmm), an adult may safely consume 28 meals of rainbow trout from the dam reservoir per month with no adverse carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects. According to these results, the consumption of rainbow trout farmed in this dam reservoir is completely safe for human health.