Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/1356
  Changes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) sperm quality and membrane lipid composition related to cryopreservation by Tribulus terrestris; [Alterações na qualidade do esperma e na composição lipídica da membrana da carpa comum (Cyprinus carpio) relacionadas à criopreservação por Tribulus terrestris]

  Ölçülü, Abdullatif; Özçiçek, Esin; Kocabaş, Filiz Kutluyer; Kocabaş, Mehmet; Kızak, Volkan; Yilmaz, Ökkeş

  Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was the major polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the sperm plasma membrane, and the levels of PUFAs decreased in treated groups during the cryopreservation process. The supplementation of TT (Tribulus terrestris) to Cyprinus carpio sperm at 200 µg∙L-1 positively affected the maintenance of motility parameters and FAs levels after the freeze-thaw cycle, and TT can be used as an herbal medicine instead of synthetic pharmaceuticals to improve the productive performance in aquaculture.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/1203
  Characteristics of the growth rate, fatty acid profile, and shell content of the freshwater snail Viviparus contectus (Millet, 1813)

  Kocabaş, Filiz Kutluyer; Kizak, Volkan; Özçiçek, Esin; Kocabaş, Mehmet; Yilmaz, Ökkeş

  Freshwater snails are a nutritious food source, providing vital amino acids, minerals, and protein with low lipid levels. Hence, the adaptation ability, growth rate, fatty acid (FA) profile, and shell content of Viviparus contectus were determined. Biometric measurements were recorded for 6 months. Over the 6-month cultivation period, specific growth rates were recorded as 0.32% · day-1 for shell length and 0.92% · day-1 for body weight. The FA profile of the freshwater snail included a total of 32 compounds with saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FAs represented by 13, 10, and 9 types, respectively. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) exhibited the highest concentration, followed by saturated fatty acids (SFAs) s at 35.14% and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at 14.57%. Stearic acid (C18:0), erucic acid (C22:1 n-9), and arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) were determined as the most abundant FAs within the saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FAs classes, respectively. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectra analysis revealed that the shell powder composition consisted of the elements, such as carbon, oxygen, calcium, iron, manganese, and silicium. Overall, V. contectus showed a clear increase in growth over the cultivation period, and future studies are needed to obtain the best culture conditions and intensive production of the species.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/1184
  Bioactive compounds in mucus and shell microstructure of the European ear snail (Radix auricularia)

  Kocabaş, Kutluyer; Kocabaş, M.; Kizak, V.; Korkmaz, B.

  Radix auricularia is a non-native and invasive freshwater snail species and it may have destructive impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem structure. In recent years, snail mucus, as a sticky substance, has garnered significant attention in the medical and cosmetic industries due to its content of numerous bioactive compounds. Despite frequently being discarded as waste due to the build-up of calcium carbonate crystals through biomineralization, shells of freshwater snail serve multiple functions in aquatic environments and have potential industrial applications. Hence, this study aims to identify bioactive compounds in the mucus and analyze the shell microstructure and mineralogy of the European ear snail (Radix auricularia). Bioactive constituents of mucus were characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-FID-MS) analysis. We also conducted analyses on the organic matrix of shells from R. auricularia using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Our results indicated that ten compounds are characterized by Eicosane (34.16%), 9-Octadecen-1-ol, (Z)-(11.86%) and N,N-Dimetylpalmitamide (5.55%) as the main components of mucus. The antioxidant potential, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties of Eicosane was in notable quantity in the mucus. In addition, the elemental composition of shell powder comprised of carbon, aluminium, oxygen, calcium, iron, magnesium, silicium, manganese, sodium, sulphur and phosphorus. Aragonite emerged as the dominant mineralogy in the inorganic layer of their shells, as confirmed by XRD. Overall, individual compounds of mucus could be isolated and purified mucus compounds could have applications in pharmaceuticals and health sectors. The shells of R. auricularia offer potential for diverse applications and contribute to environmental sustainability as valuable biomaterials.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/1120
  Relative Efficiencies of Live, Dry and Mixed Food Diets for Larval Rearing of Tigris Scraper (Capoeta umbla) and the Influence of Stocking Density on Fry Growth Characteristics

  Gün, Abdulselam; Kızak, Volkan; Gündüz, Fatih

  In this research, larval growth features by applying different diets and growth characteristics of fry at different stocking densities were studied under controlled conditions for the Tigris scraper (Capoeta umbla). In the first experiment, the growth and survival rates of Tigris scraper postlarvae were evaluated under three different diet regimes over 21 days. The highest mean total length was 24.04±0.27 mm in the group L1 fed solely Artemia nauplii, and the lowest mean total length was 17.89±0.16 mm in the group L2 fed only dry feed. The highest mean specific growth rate was in the L1, and the lowest mean specific growth rate was in the L2. In the second experiment in which the growth characteristics of fry were investigated at different stocking densities for 98 days, the highest mean live weight was found in S1 with 2.819±0.157 g and the lowest mean live weight was determined as 0.859±0.073 g in S5. The highest mean specific growth rate was in S1, while the lowest rate was in S5. High stocking densities were found to be disadvantageous for growth of C. umbla fry. The findings suggest that successful rearing of Tigris scraper postlarvae and fry is feasible under controlled conditions.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ4/r/munzur/774
  INTEGRATED BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT AND ELECTROCOAGULATION FOR SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER: A NOVEL APPROACH USING FRESHWATER SNAILS (Viviparus contactus, Planorbis rubrum, Melanoides tuberculata)

  Öğedey, Ayşenur; Kocabaş, Filiz Kutluyer; Kizak, Volkan; Kocabaş, Mehmet; Benzer, Fulya; Erişir, Mine; Öğedey, Hayrullah

  As a potential pollution source, slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) with development of the meat production and processing sector is a threat in the world. Therefore, the determination of economical, favourable, cost-effective and proper treatment method is crucial for sustainable environmental protection. This study focused on the performance and efficiency of a two-stage process combining biological treatment (BT) with freshwater snails and electrocoagulation (EC) of SWW. Viviparus contectus, Planorbis rubrum, Melanoides tuberculata were used in primary treatment while secondary treatment was realized with EC process. The EC of SWW was performed for reducing both turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration to levels compliant with direct-discharge regulations. In addition, the stirring speed, current density, initial pH and reaction time were assessed for evaluation the optimum EC condition. Oxidative stress biomarkers and some antioxidants were assessed in freshwater snails exposed to SWW after 24 and 96 h. The best removal efficiencies of COD (91.43%) and turbidity (92.42%) were obtained at pH 5 and 20 min of operational time by P. rubrum. Notably, MDA (Malondialdehyde) was highest level in M. tuberculata compared to V. contectus and P. rubrum. Overall, removing organic and inorganic pollutants from SWW could be provided with the hybrid process BT/EC as a combining approach.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/munzur/6134
  Kafur (Cinnamomum camphora) Esansiyel Yağının Farklı Su Sıcaklıklarında Japon Balıkları Üzerindeki Anestezik Etkinliği

  Kizak, Volkan; Akyüz, Nurettin

  Bu çalışmada, Japon balıklarında kafur esansiyel yağının farklı su sıcaklıklarında anestezik etkilerinin incelenmesi ve anestezik konsantrasyonu ile su sıcaklığının süre üzerine birleşik etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bütün su sıcaklıklarında derin anestezi bakımından en etkili konsantrasyon 300 µl/lt olurken, tam iyileşme dikkate alındığında en optimal konsantrasyon 250 µl/lt olmuştur. Anestezik madde kon-santrasyonu arttıkça derin anestezi süreleri kısalmış, tam iyileşme süreleri ise uzamıştır. Yüksek su sıcaklıklarına kıyasla düşük su sıcaklıklarında anestezi ve iyileşme süreleri uzun kaydedilmiştir. Derin anestezi ve tam iyileşme süreleri arasında 14°C su sıcaklığında zayıf negatif ilişki, 18°C su sıcaklığında kuvvetli negatif ilişki ve 22°C su sıcaklığında negatif ilişki bulunmuştur. Derin anestezi sü-releri ve kon-santrasyonlar arasında tüm su sıcaklıklarında kuvvetli negatif bir ilişki saptanırken, tam iyileşme süreleri ve konsantrasyonlar arasında kuvvetli pozitif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Konsantrasyon ve su sıcaklığının süre üzerine birleşik etkisinin de olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, kafur esansiyel yağı Japon balıklarında üç farklı su sıcaklığında etkili bir anestezik maddedir.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1475
  Effect of Ferula sp. on sperm cryotolerance, quality, and fatty acid composition in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

  Ölçülü, Abdullatif; Özçiçek, Esin; Kutluyer Kocabaş, Filiz; Kızak, Volkan; Kocabaş, Mehmet; Yılmaz, Ökkeş

  Ferula sp. is a perennial herbaceous plant and is used in traditional medicine owing to their antimicrobial, antiviral, aphrodisiac and spermatogenic activities in the world. Hence, Ferula sp. was used in the present study for cryopreservation protocol as a herbal supplement. The impact of different concentrations [0 mM (Control), 30 µg L−1, 60 µg L−1, 90 µg L−1] of Ferula sp. extract on the quality and fatty acid (FAs) composition was assessed in fresh and cryopreserved sperm of Cyprinus carpio. Optimal supplementation of Ferula sp. at a concentration of 60 µg L−1 in the freezing extender significantly improved post-thawed sperm quality of C. carpio. Sperm motility parameters were assessed using the sperm class analyzer system. The fatty acid (FAs) content in sperm was analyzed using gas chromatography. The results revealed that the increases in motility rate (80.0 ± 3.54%) at 60 µg L−1 were increased significantly (p < 0.05). Significant differences in sperm parameters [(VCL: curvilinear velocity, VSL: straight line velocity, VAP: average path velocity, and BCF: beat cross frequency)] were observed between the different treatments (p < 0.05). The Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) showed a slight increase in comparison to fresh spermatozoa during cryopreservation. DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), LA (Linoleic acid) and ARA (Arachidonic acid) were identified as the major PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acid) in the sperm plasma membrane, and however the total PUFAs reduced all treated compared to fresh sperm samples after post-thawing. Overall, the supplementation with Ferula sp. to extender at a concentration of 60 µg L−1 positively influenced the motility parameters and FAs levels during cryopreservation and, Ferula sp. may act as a promising protective substance for the conservation of valuable fish genetic resources.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/1385
  Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Mucus from Freshwater Snails Viviparus contectus and Planorbis rubrum

  Kocabaş, Filiz Kutluyer; Kocabaş, Mehmet; Kızak, Volkan; Korkmaz, Büşra; Benzer, Fulya; Erişir, Mine

  Abstract: As a viscous-elastic substance, snail mucus has a great attention in the medical and cosmetic industries in recent years due to contain many bioactive compounds. Freshwater snails are cosmopolite aquatic invertebrates and distribute nearly all types of inland aquatic bodies due to their adaptive abilities, rapid growth and short life cycles and, the compounds of mucus derived from freshwater snails has not been well documented. Hence, this study focused on identification bio-active ingredients and determination of protein content and antioxidant enzyme activities in freshwater snails Viviparus contectus and Planorbis rubrum mucus. Bioactive constituents of mucus in freshwater snails were characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-FID-MS) analysis. Antioxidants (GSH, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px) and protein content were assessed in freshwater snails. Our data revealed that thirteen compounds are characterized with nonadecanoic acid methyl ester (11.57%), nonadecane (5.01%) and heptadecanoic acid methyl ester (4.19%) as the main components of P. rubrum mucus while eleven compounds are characterized with farnesol (11.23%), 5-hydroxymethyl-1,1,4α-Trimethyl-6-methylene-decahydronphthalen-2-ol (9.73%), kaur-16-en-18-oic acid methyl ester (9.64%), tricosane (9.62%), and kaurene (8.44%) as the main components of V. contectus mucus. Nonadecanoic acid methyl ester and nonadecane, known as effective bioactive constituents having antimutagenic and antitumor capability, were determined with 11.57 and 5.01% of the total bio-active composition of P. rubrum mucus, respectively. As a major constituent, farnesol was detected with 11.23% of the total bio-active composition of V. contectus mucus. Moreover, the presence of kaurene, known as a potent bioactive compound for cancer treatment, in notably quantity in V. contectus mucus. In addition, GSH levels and SOD, CAT, and GPx activities was highest level in P. rubrum compared to V. contectus. Protein content was highest level in V. contectus than P. rubrum. Overall, individual compounds of V. contectus and P. rubrum mucus could be isolated and purified and used for the treatment of a variety of human ailments.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2025Scopus SJRQ4/r/munzur/855
  First Record of Black Sea Trout (Salmo labrax) and Its Potential Hybrids with Endemic Munzur Trout (Salmo munzuricus) in Uzunçayır Dam Lake, Tunceli

  Ölçülü, Abdullatif; Düzgüneş, Zehra Duygu; Kocabaş, Filiz Kutluyer; Kızak, Volkan; Kocabaş, Mehmet

  The depletion of unique genetic resources and increased risk of extinction may result from hybridization between native and introduced species. In the present study, morphological and molecular analysis were performed on two putative natural interspecific hybrids of the genus Salmo and their parent species, Salmo labrax and Salmo munzuricus, collected from Uzunçayır Dam Lake, which is fed by Munzur and Pülümür streams. Molecular analyses revealed the presence of S. labrax in Uzunçayır Dam Lake for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis using the cytochrome b (Cytb) gene of mitochondrial DNA to determine the maternal origin revealed that hybrid individuals belonged to the same clades as S. labrax or S. munzuricus. Recombination activating gene 1 (Rag1) sequence of nuclear DNA was analyzed for paternal analysis and it was determined that hybrid individuals carried similar single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to S. labrax or S. munzuricus. These findings support that individuals derive from different parental species. Therefore, evidence from trout samples assumed to be natural hybrids in this study suggests interspecific hybridization between S. labrax and S. munzuricus, but further studies are required. Rag1 Phenotype

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/munzur/5678
  Anaesthetic Effects of Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora) Essential Oil and 2-phenoxyethanol on Goldfish (Carassius auratus) at Different Water Temperatures

  Şahin, Barış; Kizak, Volkan

  In this study, it was aimed to investigate the anesthetic effects of rosewood essential oil and 2- phenoxyethanol in goldfish at different water temperatures. Anesthetic trials were carried out at water temperatures of 14°C and 20°C. Concentrations of 250, 300 and 350 μl·L-1 for rosewood essential oil and 600, 700 and 800 μl·L-1 for 2-phenoxyethanol were tested. The ideal rosewood essential oil concentration was determined as 300 μl·L-1 at 14°C and 250 μl·L-1 at 20°C. The ideal concentration for 2-phenoxyethanol was determined to be 800 μl·L-1 at both water temperatures. Higher concentrations of rosewood essential oil and 2-phenoxyethanol caused shorter induction times and prolonged recovery times. Concentrations of anesthetic agents were negatively correlated with induction times and positively correlated with recovery times. A weak negative relationship was found between deep anesthesia and full recovery durations at 14ºC and a negative relationship at 20ºC for rosewood essential oil. A negative relationship was detected between deep anesthesia and full recovery times in 2-phenoxyethanol at 14ºC and 20ºC. There is a strong negative relationship between rosewood essential oil deep anesthesia times and rosewood essential oil concentrations at 14ºC and 20ºC, and a similar relationship was found for 2-phenoxyethanol. However, a strong positive relationship was detected between full recovery times and concentrations of both anesthetic agents at different water temperatures. As a result of increasing water temperature, anesthesia and recovery times were observed to be shortened for both anesthetic substances. The interaction of water temperature and anesthetic concentration was found to be important in the induction and recovery durations for rosewood essential oil and 2-phenoxyethanol.

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