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- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Malathionun Gammarus pulex (Tatlı Su Amphipodu)’te Asetilkolinesteraz Aktivitesi Üzerine Akut Etkisi
Serdar, Osman; Pala, Ayşegül; Aydin, Rahmi
Bu çalışmada, organofosfat insektisit malathionun subletal konsantrasyonlarının Gammarus pulex'in AChE aktivitesi üzerine akut (24 ve 48 saat) etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, G. pulex'e malathionun iki farklı sublethal konsantrasyonu (0.1 ve 0.2 mg l-1 ) 24 ve 48 saat boyunca uygulandı. 24 ve 48 saat malathion maruziyetinin sonunda G. pulex örnekleri alındı. Alınan örneklerde AChE enzim aktivitesi ve protein düzeyi belirlenerek, spesifik AChE enzim aktivitesi hesaplandı. Malathionunun sublethal konsantrasyonları G. pulex'te AChE aktivitesininin zamana bağlı artan inhibisyonuna neden oldu. 0.1 mg l-1 malathion konsantrasyonuna maruz kalan grupta, AChE'nin inhibisyonu, kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında, 24 saatte %50 ve 48 saatte %74 olarak tespit edildi. Benzer şekilde, 0.2 mg l-1 malathion konsantrasyonuna maruz kalan grupta da kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında sırasıyla 24 ve 48 saatte % 60 ve % 68 AChE inhibisyonu gözlendi. Sonuç olarak, G. pulex'in malathiona 24 ve 48 saat boyunca maruz kalması AChE aktivitesinin yüksek oranda inhibe edilmesine neden olmuştur. Ayrıca, sonuçlar G.pulex'teki % 74'e kadar AChE inhibisyon seviyelerinin akut ölüme neden olmadığını ve G. pulex'teki AChE aktivitesinin ölçümünün akut malathion maruziyetinin ve etkilerinin biyobelirteci olacağını göstermektedir.
AtıfOpenAlex3TR Dizin1
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Çağdaş ingiliz tiyatrosu’nda başvurulan feminist stratejiler
Şentürk, Gamze
Erkek egemen dünyada kadınların başta toplumsal, kültürel, ekonomik ve politik alanlar olmak üzere pek çok alanda yaşadıkları her türlü eşitsizliğe karşı başlattıkları feminist hareket; yirminci yüzyılın son çeyreğinde etkisini bir hayli arttırmıştır. Erkeklerle eşit statüye ve eşit haklara sahip olmak isteyen ve bu haklı mücadelelerini dünyaya duyurmaya çalışan kadınlar, sadece politik mecralarda değil kültürel mecralarda da büyük bir mücadele vermişlerdir. Üç dalga halinde yayılan kadınların bu özgürlük hareketi, yazın ve tiyatro alanlarında özellikle 1960 sonrasında İkinci Dalga Feminizm hareketiyle kendini daha etkili bir şekilde göstermiştir. Bu dönemde İngiliz kadın oyun yazarları, ataerkil düzenin geri planda tuttuğu kadınların seslerini tiyatro çalışmalarında içeriğe, biçime ve uygulamaya dayalı birtakım feminist stratejilere başvurarak duyurmaya çalışmışlardır. Bu anlamda İngiliz tiyatrosunda uygulama alanı bulmuş feminist stratejiler bu çalışma dahilinde İngiliz feminist tiyatrosunun önde gelen oyun yazarlarından Pam Gems (1925-2011), Caryl Churchill (1938-) ve Timberlake Wertenbaker’ın (1951-) tiyatro oyunları üzerinden açığa çıkartılmaya çalışılacaktır.
AtıfTR Dizin1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Tarihsel süreçte “dersim meselesi”
Zengin, Ersoy
Tarih boyunca muhalif gruplara ev sahipliği yapmış olan Dersim, Osmanlı Devleti’nin son döneminden itibaren bir “mesele” olarakortaya çıkmıştır. Bahsedilen “mesele” bölgede yaşayan Kızılbaşlarınmerkezi otoriteye karşı uzlaşmaz tutumu olarak ifade edilebilir. Merkezi otoritenin modernleşme arzusu doğrultusunda ülkenin her tarafındaki topraklara egemen olma çabası Dersim’in feodal güçleri tarafındansonuçsuz bırakılmak istenmiştir. Aşiretler, zaman zaman kaza ve nahiye merkezlerindeki hükümet binalarını işgal edip, memurları bölgeden kovmuşlardır. Hükümetin bu duruma tepkisi ise isyan eden aşiretinüzerine askeri harekât yapmak olmuştur. Tarihi birçok hadisenin etkisiyle ortaya çıkan Dersim meselesini anlamak göründüğünden çok dahakarmaşıktır. Bu makalede tarihsel süreçte “Dersim meselesi” incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
AtıfTR Dizin3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Evaluation of a context-based problem by pre-service elementary school mathematic teachers by using benckert criteria
İlhan, Aziz; Akın, M Faysal
This research aims to study pre-service elementary school mathematics teachers’ evaluation of a problem suitable for context-based learning. In this regard, pre-service elementary school mathematics teachers evaluated a given problem according to the principles of Benckert (1997) and expressed their opinions accordingly. Therefore, the case study method, which includes quantitative and qualitative data, was used in the study. In the study, Context-Based Problem Evaluation Form (CBPEF) developed by the researchers was used as a data collection tool. Quantitative data of the research were evaluated by using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were evaluated by the content analysis method. The participants of the study are 24 (17 female, 7 male) students who study in the Elementary School Mathematics Teacher Education Department of Education Faculty of a medium-sized university located in Turkey's Southeast Anatolia during the 2017-2018 spring semester. As a result of the analysis of the research data, pre-service elementary mathematics teachers’ question sentences about the problem and the concepts that were accomplished in mathematics were determined. In addition, as a result of the answers given by pre-service elementary mathematics teachers, it has been concluded that the problem is in compliance with the context-based learning principles, and the candidates believe that the problem will contribute to teaching mathematics. Within the framework of the findings obtained in the study, it was proposed to explore the effects of context-based learning and non-context-based learning on variables such as success, encouragement, and motivation.
AtıfOpenAlex3TR Dizin3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Investigation of influence of concrete material models on cyclic inelastic response of a concrete filled composite plate shear wall
Polat, Erkan
A previously benchmarked finite element model of a previously tested compositeplate shear wall-concrete filled (C-PSW/CF) was used to investigate the influence ofthree concrete material models on in-plane cyclic inelastic wall response, using LSDyna. The concrete material models considered were the Winfrith, KCC and CSCM, allavailable in LS-Dyna. Wall moment hysteresis, using the three concrete materialmodels, were obtained and compared. Individual contribution of the steel and concrete to total base moment was investigated for each wall with the three concrete material models. The numerical results obtained using the KCC and CSCM were comparedagainst the benchmarked results obtained using the Winfrith concrete material model.Moment contribution of the steel web and the steel boundary on total base moment ofthe steel part of the wall and moment contribution of the concrete web and concreteboundary on total base moment of the concrete part of the wall were individuallyinvestigated. The wall models with the KCC and CSCM concrete models were observed to cannot capture wall pinching which was captured by the Winfrith concretemodel. The wall strength was overpredicted by the CSCM concrete model and predicted reasonably by the KCC concrete model. Average axial stress distribution of theinfill concrete was obtained to investigate wall neutral axis and the maximum attained concrete strength using the three concrete models. Concrete axial stress distribution showed some level of confinement for the concrete models considered.
AtıfOpenAlex1TR Dizin2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Hematopoetik Kök Hücre Alıcılarının Taburculuk Aşamasında Öğrenme Gereksinimleri
Ister, Emine Derya; Serin, Emine Kaplan; Bayir, Berna; Erkurt, Mehmet Ali
Bu araştırma, hematopoetik kök hücre nakli uygulanan hastaların taburculuk aşamasında öğrenme gereksinimlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Türkiye’de bir üniversite hastanesinin Kök Hücre Nakil Ünitesinde 2018 yılında nakil olan 100 hasta oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Hasta Bilgi Formu” ve “Hasta Öğrenme Gereksinimleri Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler hasta taburcu olamadan 2-48 saat önce toplanmıştır. Hastaların ölçek toplam puan ortalaması 212.93±29.37 olup, hastaların genel olarak öğrenme gereksinimleri yüksektir. Tedavi ve Komplikasyonlar alt boyut puan ortalaması 4.40±0.61 olup hastaların öğrenme gereksinimlerinin en yüksek olduğu boyuttur. Bunu sırasıyla yaşam kalitesi, ilaçlar, yaşam aktiviteleri, toplum ve izlem, cilt bakımı ve duruma ilişkin duygular izlemektedir. Ölçek toplam puan ortalamasını cinsiyet, medeni durum, çalışma durumu, mevcut kronik hastalık, eğitim düzeyi, nakil tipi etkilememektedir (p>0.05). Hematopoetik kök hücre nakli uygulanan her hastanın öğrenim gereksinimlerinin yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
AtıfOpenAlex3TR Dizin2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Investigation of midwifery and nursing students' attitudes towards evidence-based nursing
Serin, Emine Kaplan; Dal, Nursel Alp; İkde Öner, Özlem
The objective of this study is to explore the midwifery and nursing students’ attitudes towards evidence-based nursing. The sample of this descriptive and cross-sectional study included 626 undergraduate students studying midwifery/nursing at a state university in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The data were collected using the “Descriptive Form for Students” and the “Evidence-Based Nursing Attitude Questionnaire (EBNAQ).” The mean total score of the students in EBNAQ was 55.46±9.92, their mean score in the subscale “Beliefs and Expectations About Evidence-Based Nursing” was 27.24±5.87, their mean score in the subscale “Evidence-Based Practice Intention” was 13.83±3.00, and their mean score in the subscale “Sentiments on Evidence-Based Nursing” was 14.38±4.01. A significant relationship was determined between gender, academic year of study, liking the profession, doing research, duration of internet usage and duration of medical information acquisition and the mean total scores in EBNAQ (p<0.05). The results demonstrated that the students had highly positive attitudes toward evidence-based practices. Determination of the attitudes of students regarding evidence-based practices will help development of strategies towards increasing evidence-based midwifery and nursing practices through education.
AtıfTR Dizin1İncele - Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2020Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours, Quality of Life and Motivational Interviews in the Menopausal Period
Orhan, Ilksen; Yağmur, Yurdagül
Menopause, as one of the important turning points of women's life, is the permanent cessation of menstruation by the result of the loss of ovarial functions with the marked decrease in estrogen production in ovaries. It is known that, women in the menopausal period experience at least one of the symptoms caused by hormonal changes. Providing information about menopause to the women in the menopausal period by the healthcare professionals who have received special training, and providing health education and counseling to meet the basic needs of women will contribute in improving the healthy lifestyle behaviours of women and increasing their quality of life. Motivational interviews are an alternative communication technique that can be used to cope with menopausal complaints and to improve the quality of life by developing a healthy lifestyle for menopause. Nurses’ alternative communication technique usage by using their educational, counselor, researcher, practitioner and supportive roles is very important in solving the problems of women in the menopausal period. For this reason, in the review, the conceptual framework regarding motivational interviews in supporting healthy lifestyle behaviours and quality of life has been examined in line with the literature.
AtıfOpenAlex16TR Dizin1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020The Change of Mechanical Properties of Acorn Powder Reinforced Polystrene and Polyoxymethylene due to Gamma Radiation
Kismet, Yilmaz; Doğan, Akar
In the present study, the effects of gamma radiation on the mechanical properties of acorn powder reinforced polystyrene (PS) and polyoxymethylene (POM) were investigated. Different amounts of acorn powder reinforced PS and POM samples were produced by using a plastic injection machine and these samples were exposed to 45 kGry gamma irradiation. Subsequently, the test samples were examined for the changes in their tensile, three-point bending and Izod impact strengths and the effect of gamma irradiation on the samples was established through comparing the findings with the pre-radiation state. With the increasing amount of acorn powder, the tensile strength of acorn powder reinforced PS and POM materials decreased. In contrast to the tensile strength, the bending strength of the samples increased with the increasing amount of filler material. In addition, an increase in the mechanical properties such as tensile and bending strength of materials exposed to gamma radiation has occurred.
AtıfTR Dizin1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Humanitarian Logistics Management After A Disaster: An Earthquake Case
Kuvvetli, Yusuf; Göçmen, Elifcan
Post-disaster relief logistics includes logistics activities in the shortest time. Inventory routing problemshave decided routing decisions considering inventory levels during the planning horizon at minimumcost. In this study, an inventory routing problem for the distribution after the disaster has been proposed.The problem aims the distribution of the supplies needed considering available inventory levels atminimum time. Distribution amount and the routes under the constraints of routing and inventoryamounts for affected people have been decided. An integer programming approach to solve the problemhas been proposed and solved. The proposed model is solved for a case of Van earthquake whichoccurred at 2011 in Turkey. The results from the case study show us that determining the inventory androuting decisions simultaneously can provide less logistic activities. In addition to this, holding inventoryin the central depot can ensure to respond the emergency needs safely and quickly.
AtıfOpenAlex7TR Dizin1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Barit Tozu Modifiyeli Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Harçların Mekanik Özellikleri
Cemalgil, Selim
Bu çalışmada, barit tozu ile üretilmiş Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Harçların (KYH), kendinden yerleşebilme vemekanik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Barit tozu, mineral katkı maddesi olarak ağırlıkça beyaz çimento ile ikameedilmiştir. Toplam çimento ağırlığının %5’i, %10’u, %20’si ve %30’u oranında barit tozundan oluşan karışımile kontrol karışımı içeren toplamda beş seri KYH tasarımı yapılmıştır. Su/bağlayıcı oranı 0.49 oranında sabittutulmuş olup, karışımdaki beyaz çimento oranı barit tozunun ikame oranına göre 350kg/cm3ile 500 kg/cm3arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. Karışımların KYH standartlarına ve reolojik özelliklere uygunluğunudeğerlendirmek için taze harç üzerinde mini V-hunisi, akış zamanı ve mini çökme/yayılma testleri yapılmıştır.Test gününe kadar 7, 28 ve 56 gün boyunca kür havuzunda bekletilen sertleşmiş numuneler üzerinde basınçve eğilme dayanımlarının belirlenmesi için toplam 45 adet 40x40x160 mm numune üretilmiş ve teste tabitutulmuştur. Kendinden yerleşebilme özellikleri ikame oranı artışıyla her ne kadar düşmüşse bile, EFNARCstandardının belirlediği sınırlar arasında kalmıştır. En iyi dayanım sonuçları, kontrol numunelerine kıyasla%10 oranında barit tozu ile beyaz çimentonun ikame edildiği numunelerden elde edilmiştir.
AtıfOpenAlex2İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Holding of dam water levels at optimum with fuzzy linear programming when electricity is produced in serried dam lakes
Yucesan, Melih; Kahraman, Gökhan
In this study, the Euphrates river basin in a sequential manner established a scenario modeled after Turkey's three largest hydropower plant was established. In this scenario, according to the needs of the interconnected system, the lake levels of these three dams were kept at the highest possible level and energy was produced. In this way, the maximum level of water, which means energy, is kept and the turbine-generator units are operated at the highest possible efficiency and electricity is produced. The demand for electricity, the minimum and maximum water required in the dams, were handled as turbid. Then, for the determined scenario, the energy required by the interconnected system from these dams is determined from which dam and how many units will work for how long.
- MakaleYalnız künye202019. yüzyılda mekteb-i mülkiye mezunlarının devlet kademelerinde istihdam edilmeleri üzerine örnekler
Ela, Özkan
19. yüzyıl Osmanlı Devletinde Tanzimat Fermanı’nın ilan edilmesi batılılaşma yolunda atılan önemlibir adımdır. Bu süreçten en fazla etkilenen kişilerin başında devlet kademesinde görev alan idarecilerolmuştur. Nitekim idari kadrolarda artık iyi tahsilli ve yabancı dil bilgisi olan kişilere ihtiyaç duyulmayabaşlanmıştır. Bu kişilerin yetiştirilmesi aşamasındaki girişimlerden ilki II.Mahmut döneminde Mekteb-iMaârif-i Adliyye ve Mekteb-i Ulûm-i Edebiyye okullarının açılmasıyla başlamış, Abdülmecit zamanındaaçılan Mekteb-i Fünûn-ı Mülkiyye’nin kurulmasıyla da devam etmiştir. Amaç, okullarda donanımlı kişileryetiştirmek, bunun için de kişileri yetenekleri ölçüsünde belirli sınavlara tabi tutmaktır. II. Abdülhamitdöneminde ise Mekteb-i Fünün-u Mülkiyenin ismi ve içeriği değiştirilerek daha kapsamlı bir okul olanMekteb-i Mülkiye-i Şahane açılmıştır. Bu okul, hem ders içeriği hem de uygulamaları sayesinde 19. yüzyılOsmanlı Devletinde bilgi ve kültür seviyesi yüksek, görev alacağı işe hâkim idareciler yetiştirmeyiamaçlamıştır. Bu okuldan mezun olacak idareci adaylarının istihdamı ve görev alacakları süreçte yapmalarıgerekenler hususundaki düzenlemelere de oldukça önem verilmiş, bunun için görev alacakları yerlerdekivazifeleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Mektebi-i Mülkiyeden mezun olan kişilerin istihdamı hususundaözellikle idari alanda yöneticilik üzerine atamaların olduğu, ancak bunun dışında Hariciye Nezareti, MaarifKalemi ve Dâhiliye dairesi gibi pek çok kurumda görev aldıkları tespit edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Mekteb-iMülkiye’den mezun olan kişilerin hangi kurumlarda görev aldıkları ve göreve atanma sürecinde nasıl biruygulamaya tabi tutuldukları üzerine tespitler örneklerle açıklanacaktır.
AtıfTR Dizin2İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Cevap Yüzey Yöntemi Kullanılarak Poli(VPi–ko-MA) / Grafen Kompozitlerinin İletkenliğinin Optimizasyonu
Torgut, Gulben
Bu çalışmada, öncelikle poli(Vinil pivalat–ko-Maleik anhidrit) [poli(VPi-ko-MA)] kopolimeri serbest radikalikpolimerizasyon yöntemiyle 65 oC’de 24 saat süreyle sentezlenmiştir. FT-IR ile karakterize edilen kopolimerinkütlece farklı miktarlarda Grafen (GF) içeren kompozitleri çözelti döküm tekniği ile hazırlanmıştır. KompozitlerFT-IR ve SEM teknikleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Uygulanan voltaj, frekans ve GF içeriği arasında kantitatif birilişki elde etmek için cevap yüzey yöntemi (CYY) kullanılmıştır. Ölçülen cevap, kompozitlerin elektriksel (AC)iletkenliğidir. Modeldeki parametrelerin (frekans, voltaj ve GF miktarı) önemi, varyans analizi ile belirlenmiştir(ANOVA). Model, maksimum elektriksel iletkenliği, 1619 Hz frekansta, voltaj 15.56 V'da ve GF miktarı ağırlıkça% 9.99 için 6.93×10-8 S cm-1 olarak öngörmüştür.
AtıfTR Dizin1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Detection of Sediment Transport with Artificial Intelligence Models Formed by Using K-Means Clustering Algorithm
Acar, Ramazan; Saplioglu, Kemal
It isimportant to detect sediment load truly in the project process of water structures such as both dam and regulator to determine pollution level, to use and to supply potable water. In this work, methods such as Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interference Systems (ANFIS), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) are experienced for three Flow Observation Stations on Fırat Basin. K-Means Clustering Algorithm is used to select Clustering numbers of ANFIS Models being formed. Sediment (Qs), Precipitation (P), Flow rate (Q) and temperature (P) data from each station are used in this study. Sediment estimation model is developed for each station by using the data. The value of the day when precipitation occurs (P), the value of the day before precipitation occurs (P-1), flow and temperature rates are used as input factors; sediment concentration is used as output factors. The model being formed is compared for all of the stations with regard to regression coefficient (R2 ) and mean percentage error (MPE) in both education and test stages. As a consequence of the analysis, subset numbers of ANFIS model being formed by determining subset of K-Means Clustering Algorithm has more successful results instead of ANFIS Models being randomly formed. It is also observed that the Models of ANFIS and ANN methods have closer results to the values being observed when they are compared to MLR methods.
AtıfTR Dizin7İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020The Comparison of the EVA Based Resin with SBS Modification in Terms of Rheological Properties
Yalçın, Erkut; Furtana, Beyza; Kök, Baha Vural; Yılmaz, Mehmet
The wear layer, which is used in the top layer of flexible pavements and is subjected to the most stress, is produced mostly with modified binders due to increased traffic volume and loads. Modification of the wear layer with polymer type additives has become inevitable. Recently bitumen used in bituminous mixture is modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer. There are quite successful applications in this regard. However, demand for SBS makes it difficult to provide always and brings on the use of alternative additives. In this study, the effect of ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) based resin (EBR) on the rheological properties of bituminous binder was investigated and compared with SBS modification. As a result, it was found that 4% EBR modification in terms of rutting and cohesion properties showed similar performance with 3% SBS modification and in the case of the evaluation of low and high temperature properties together, 4.7% EBR modification had similar performance with 3% SBS modification.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Bebek peksimethanesi
Altı, Aziz; Başkutlu, Salih
Peksimet özelde deniz kuvvetleri genelde ise Osmanlı ordusu için vazgeçilmez bir iaşe kaynağıdır. 18.yüzyılın sonuna kadar taşeron mantığıyla özel sektöre yaptırılan peksimetler, H 1214 (M 1799 / 1800) yılında BebekPeksimethanesinin kurulmasıyla bizzat devlet tarafından üretilir olmuştur. Bebek bahçesi yakınlarında kurulanpeksimethane, genel olarak donanma personeli için peksimet pişirmiştir. Bebek Peksimethanesinin bünyesinde sadecefırın değil değirmen gibi farklı fonksiyonlara sahip yapılar da yer almıştır. Peksimethanedeki üretim bir nizamhâlinde devam edip üretilen peksimetler ülkenin dört bir köşesinde donanma mensuplarınca tüketilmiştir. BebekPeksimethanesi büyük bir üretim kapasitesine sahip olmasına rağmen zaman zaman talebi karşılamakta kifayetsizkalmıştır. Böyle durumlarda eski usul takip edilerek iş yükü İstanbul’daki özel fırınlara paylaştırılmıştır. Ele alınan buçalışmada Bebek Peksimethanesinin kuruluşu, idari yapısı, üretim kapasitesi, tamiri ve peksimethaneye hammaddetemini gibi temalar incelenmiştir
AtıfOpenAlex1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Experimental Determination of Optimal Improvement Depth in Homogeneous Sand Soils
Aksoy, Suha; Icen, Abdullah
In this study, the depth of the improvement which will be made under a foundation which lies on soft soil is investigated experimentally. If the characteristics of the soil on which a building will be constructed are not sufficient to bear the loads coming from that building, then the ground is improved. Jet grout It is one of the soil improvement methods and is frequently applied in our country. When stabilizing the soil, improvement should generally be made to the underlying stiff soil layer. However, in cases where the solid ground layer is deep, the depth to which the improvement is to be made depends solely on the assumptions made for the solids calculated from the elasticity theory. According to these theories, which consider the ground as elastic and incompressible, the stresses on the subsoil soils are effective up to a depth of 1,5-2,0 times the width (B) of the foundation. Since soil improvement is a costly process, engineers do not make improvements to these depths. In this study, the bearing capacity of the foundations which are improved at different depths was determined experimentally. In order to model the soft soils and foundations in terms of bearing capacity, a continuous steel model foundation resting on loose and medium-firm sandy ground was used. The improved soil under the continuous foundation was modeled by using concrete blocks and experimental results were obtained. It was determined that the superficial improvement to be made on loose soils with insufficient bearing capacity had no significant effect on bearing capacity. However, as the depth of improvement increases, the increase in bearing capacity increases to a
- MakaleYalnız künye2020The Effect of Propolis on Oxidative Damage Induced by Whole Body Irradiation in Rat
Baykara, Murat; Erisir, Mine; Özçelik, Mehtap; Güler, Osman
The antioxidant and radioprotective effects of propolis against ionizing radiation induced oxidativedamage were investigated. Twenty one rats were divided in to 3 groups; 1 st group was the controlgroup; 2nd group was the irradiation group, physiological saline (i.p.)/ 3 days + 9 Gy gammairradiation; 3rd group was irradiation + Propolis group, propolis (i.p. 100 mg / kg BW) / 3 days + 9Gy gamma irradiation. As a result of irradiation, a significant increase was determined inmalondialdehyde (MDA) levels of liver, kidney, and brain tissues of the rats (P<0.001). There was asignificant decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of all the tissues (P˂0.001) andsuperoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) level in the liver (P˂0.01). Also, GSHlevel increased significantly in the kidney (P˂0.001) and ovarium tissues (P˂0.05). The MDA levelsthat increased in the liver as a result of irradiation, decreased significantly due the addition ofpropolis (P˂0.001); whereas, the MDA levels that increased in kidney and brain did not change. Inthe spleen and ovarium tissues, MDA levels decreased significantly as a result of addition ofpropolis compared to the irradiation group (P˂0.05). It was determined that GSH levels, thatdecreased in the liver (P˂0.01), and increased in the kidney due to addition of propolis, and GSHlevels, that decreased in the liver as a result of irradiation (P˂0.01) and increased in the kidney(P˂0.001), approached to the normal level (P˂0.001) and the GSH levels in the spleen and brainincreased compared to both the control and irradiation groups (P˂0.05). The addition of propoliscaused a decrease in the GSH-Px activities of heart, spleen, brain, and ovarium tissues comparedto both the control and irradiation groups (P˂0.001). Also, a decrease in the SOD activity of hearttissue compared to the control group was found (P˂0.05).
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Tuncelı report of major ragıp gümüşpala (1936-1937)
Zengin, Ersoy
Ragıp Gümüşpala was born in Edirne in 1897. Ragıp Gümüşpala, who graduated from the Military Academy in 1916, fought on various war fronts during the First World War. Towards the end of the war, he was captured by the English. After living a life of captivity for a while in Egypt, he came to Turkey and joined the National Struggle. After the proclamation of the republic, he participated in the operations to suppress the rebellions of Sheikh Said (1925) and Koçuşağı (1926). After carrying out various duties, he became an intelligence officer of Tunceli governorate and command post between 1936 and 1938. He is known to have fallen captive to the rebels during operations to suppress the rebellion. After the 27 May 1960 coup, Ragıp Gümüşpala became the Chief of General Staff. He carried out this duty for a short period and retired in the same year. He founded Adalet Partisi (Justice Party) in 1961 and became a member of parliament of Izmir. Major Ragıp Gümüşpala recorded his observations and analyses on the people of Dersim as a report. Gümüşpala, who examines the people of Dersim in terms of their race, religion, sect and traditions, put forward some striking arguments. Gümüşpala reports that Tunceli Act went into effect in 1935 and the juridical and administrative staff took the office after Elaziz was established as the center of Tunceli Province. He expresses how the Republic’s government would make the region prosperous by road, bridge and school projects and what projects would be implemented in order to save the people of the region from poverty. Gümüşpala underlines the necessary precautions, presenting the elements distinguishing the Alawite and Sunni people. He manifested how the Qizilbashs moved away from the Sunni Turkish society; the sayyids and dedes misled the Qizilbashs; muftis and hodjas misled the Sunnis; how the religious authorities disconnected these two societies. He touched upon the influence of Christianity on the belief and culture of the Qizilbashs. He reports that the Armenians built church-like buildings in the regions deemed as sacred by the Qizilbashes and made them kiss a piece of bone that they put in the middle of a cross, claiming that it was the finger of His Holiness Ali. He reports that the pilgrim sites of the Qizilbashs were also used by the Armenians during the Ottoman period; and both of the races worshipped in the same location. Gümüşpala grounds the reason of the Qizilbash’s residence in Dersim, a geography where living conditions are hard, on the Sect Wars between Selim I and Ismail I in the 16th century. He states that the Qizilbashs found a space for living in Dersim having a rough terrain as a result of the politics of suppression inflicted on them by Selim I. Gümüşpala, who believed that the Qizilbash of Dersim had Turkish origins, tried to explain this argument through elements of language and culture. That the villages, clans, places and persons were referred with their Turkish names, that the sentence structures they used were compatible with Turkish syntax, that the tombstones were made of sculptures of ram, that their folk songs and tunes were the same as those of the Turks in the Central Anatolia were given as proofs of this thesis. He thinks that Turkish language of the region differs because the people of Dersim married Persian and Zaza people during their migration from Khorasan to Anatolia. He thinks that a distorted version of the Turkish language, that is a mixture of Turkish and Persian, took shape as a result of these marriages. He argues that the Qizilbashs of Dersim have sacred spaces in the mountains and in the forests because of the Shamanist tradition which the Turks had previously as belief. He claims that the name of Şamuşağı clan, located in Ovacık, was derived from Shaman/Shamo uşağı. Furthermore, that the dedes had the ability of prophecy is attributed to the Shaman belief. In his report, Gümüşpala argues that the influence and authority of the state can be realized in the region if the influence of sayyids and landlords decreases. Although certain parts of the report were previously published, the report which will be published contains much new information that can contribute to Turkey’s recent history.
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