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- Doktora TeziAçık Erişim2022Modifiye atmosfer paketleme işleminin yöresel olarak tüketilen kunkor mantarı (Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae) ve Tunceli sarımsağı (Allium tuncelianum)'nın kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi
Hatice Pınar Yüksel
Günümüzde insanlar sağlıklı gıda tüketmek ve bu gıdalara kolaylıkla ulaşabilmek istemektedirler. Minimum işlenmiş gıdalar ise sağlıklı ve besin değeri yüksek gıda grubunun başında gelmektedir. Modifiye atmosfer paketleme minimum işlenmiş gıdaların raf ömrünü uzatmak ve gıda güvenliğini sağlamak için kullanılan bir gıda muhafa yöntemidir. Bu çalışma, buzdolabı koşullarında kunkor mantarı ve Tunceli sarımsağının gıda kalitesini ve gıda güvenliğini koruyabilmek için modifiye atmosfer paketlemenin uygulanabilirliğini araştırmak için yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu tez çalışmasında 2019 yılında Tunceli-Ovacık bölgesinden temin edilen Pleurotus familyasına ait olan kunkor mantarı (Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae) ve Alliaceae familyasına ait olan Tunceli sarımsağı (Allium tuncelianum ) örnekleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan örneklere %5 O2 - %5 CO2, %3 O2 - %8 CO2 ve %3 O2 - %5 CO2 içeren gaz karışımları ile üç farklı koşulda modifiye atmosfer paketleme yapılmıştır. MAP yapılan örnekler ve paketleme yapılmayan kontrol örnekleri; mantar için 4 oC'de 12 gün, sarımsak için 4 oC'de 12 hafta depolanmıştır. Depolanan mantar ve sarımsak örneklerinde depolamaya bağlı kalite değişimleri incelenmiştir. Depolama boyunca çalışmada kullanılan örneklerde; ağırlık kaybı, tekstür profil analizi, titrasyon asitliği, pH, su aktivitesi, toplam kuru madde miktarı, toplam kül miktarı, renk ve toplam fenolik madde miktarı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca örneklerin fenolik profilleri belirlenmiş ve mikrobiyolojik analizler de yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın başlangıcında taze mantarların su aktivitesi değeri 0,96, kuru madde içeriği %11,90, kül miktarı %1,51, titrasyon asitliği %0,28, pH değeri 6,35 ve toplam fenolik asit miktarı 541,83 mgGAE/kg yaş ağırlık olarak tespit edilmiştir. Renk değerleri ise L*, a* ve b* için sırasıyla 93,66, -0,39 ve 10,77 olarak belirlenmiştir. Tekstür analizi sonucu elde edilen değerler ise sertlik için 2222,22 g, elastikiyet 0,92, sakızımsılık 1646,13, çiğnenebilirlik 1441,83 şeklindedir. Depolamanın sonunda ağırlık kaybı %1,63 ile en fazla %5 O2-%5 CO2 içeren gaz ile paketlenen örneklerde görülmüştür. Mikrobiyolojik analizler sonucunda mantar örneklerinin başlangıç yükleri mezofilik aerobik bakteri sayısı, psikrofilik aerobik bakteri sayısı ve küf-maya sayısı için sırasıyla 6,40 log kob/g, 6,25 log kob/g ve 4,68 log kob/g olarak bulunmuştur. Depolamanın sonunda modifiye atmosfer paketleme yapılan örneklerde en düşük toplam mezofilik ve psikrofilik aerobik bakteri, maya ve küf sayısı %3 O2-%8 CO2 ile paketlenen örneklerde tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan bu tez çalışmasında %3 O2-%5 CO2 ile paketlenen mantar örneklerinin depolama sonunda başlangıç kalite özelliklerini, diğer gazlarla paketlenen örneklere göre daha iyi koruduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna rağmen, depolamanın sonunda mantarların meyve eti sertliğinin modifiye atmosfer ile paketlenen bütün gruplarda (%5 O2 - %5 CO2, %3 O2 - %8 CO2, %3 O2 - %5 CO2) azaldığı gözlenmiştir. Mantar örneklerinde tespit edilebilen fenolik bileşiklerden kateşinin 180,22 mg/kg ile en yüksek miktara sahip olduğu kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan taze sarımsak örneklerinin su aktivitesi değeri 0,93, kuru madde içeriği %44,45, kül miktarı %1,25, titrasyon asitliği %0,28, pH değeri 7,21 ve fenolik asit miktarı 327,84 mgGAE/kg olarak tespit edilmiştir. Renk değerleri ise L*, a* ve b* için sırasıyla 77,98, -2,11 ve 12,58 olarak belirlenmiştir. Tekstür analizi sonucu elde edilen değerler ise sertlik için 4483,35 g, elastikiyet 0,73, sakızımsılık 0,66, çiğnenebilirlik 2254,33 şeklindedir. Depolamanın sonunda en fazla ağırlık kaybı %8,08 değeri ile %5 O2-%5 CO2 içeren gaz ile paketlenen örneklerde görülmüştür. Sarımsak örneklerinde tespit edilebilen en yüksek fenolik bileşikler13,08 mg/kg ile kateşin ve 10,42 mg/kg ile vanilin olmuştur. Mikrobiyolojik analizler sonucunda sarimsak örneklerinin başlangıç yükleri mezofilik aerobik bakteri sayısı, psikrofilik aerobik bakteri sayısı ve küf-maya sayısı için sırasıyla 2,37l log kob/g, 2,35 log kob/g ve <2 log kob/g olarak bulunmuştur. Depolamanın sonunda modifiye atmosfer paketleme yapılan örneklerde en düşük toplam mezofilik ve psikrofilik aerobik bakteri sayısı %3 O2-%5 CO2 ile paketlenen örneklerde tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan bu çalışma sonucunda kunkor mantarı örnekleri için paketleme için kullanılan tüm gaz karışımlarında maksimum depolama süresi 9 gün olarak belirlenmiştir. Tunceli sarımsağı örnekleri için ise en uygun paketleme koşulu %5 O2 - %5 CO2 içeren gaz karışımı ve en uygun depolama süresi 6 hafta olarak tespit edilmiştir.
- MakaleYalnız künye2017Scopus SJRQ1Investigation of optimum conditions for efficient COD reduction in synthetic sulfamethazine solutions by Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae using response surface methodology
Yonten, Vahap; Alp, Hevidar; Yildirim, Numan; Yildirim, Nuran Cikcikoglu; Ogedey, Aysenur
This study aims to explore the optimum conditions for P. eryngii var. ferulae in adsorption of sulfamethazine (SM) from synthetic solutions via reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The optimum conditions were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) developed by the application of the quadratic model associated with the central composite design. For this aim, RSM was employed to determine the effects of some parameters on this adsorption process by fungal biomass as an effective and available adsorbent. The investigated parameters were initial concentration of sulfamethazine (70–235 mg L−1), solution pH (3–7), adsorbent dosage (0.3–1.5 g), and contact time (5–25 min). The significant factors on each experimental design response were identified from the analysis of variance. The results of RSM analyzes revealed that optimum conditions of initial SM concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time for maximum COD removal (82%) were achieved as 400 mg L−1, 11, 1.46 g, and 15.4 min, respectively. The results showed that dead biomass of P. eryngii var. ferulae were an appropriate adsorbent for the removal of COD in the SM medium from synthetic solutions.
AtıfScopus13WoS12OpenAlex15
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ2Optimization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye removal by novel biosorbent P. eryngii immobilized on Amberlite XAD-4 using response surface methodology
Yonten, Vahap; Tanyol, Mehtap; Yildirim, Numan; Yildirim, Nuran Cikcikoglu; Ince, Muharrem
This study investigates preparation of biosorbent Pleurotus eryngii immobilized on Amberlite XAD-4 and the optimal conditions for removal of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) reactive dye from synthetic aqueous solutions. The process was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) developed by the application of the quadratic model associated with the central composite design. For this purpose, RSM was employed to determine the effects of operational parameters on this material as effective and available adsorbent. The investigated variables were dye initial concentration (10-60 mg L-1), solution pH (2-9), adsorbent dosage (0.1-0.5 g), and temperature (20-45 degrees C). The significant factors on each experimental design response were identified from the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The RSM indicated that optimum conditions of initial dye concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, and temperature for maximum RBBR removal (98%) were achieved as 36.3 mg L-1, 2.0, 0.304 g, and 38.7 degrees C, respectively. The results showed that this biosorbent was an appropriate adsorbent for the removal of RBBR from aqueous solutions.
AtıfWoS17OpenAlex20İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ2Adsorption of bisphenol A from aqueous solutions by Pleurotus eryngii immobilized on Amberlite XAD-4 using as a new adsorbent
Yonten, Vahap; Ince, Muharrem; Tanyol, Mehtap; Yildirim, Numan
The adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) in a fixed-bed column was evaluated in this work. Fungus Pleurotus eryngii isolated from Tunceli (Turkey) immobilized on XAD-4 resin was used as an adsorbent for decontamination of BPA from aqueous solutions. The extent of BPA removal capacity was evaluated as a function of parameters such as pH, volume of the sample, and column bed height. Adsorption isotherms of BPA on immobilized P. eryngii were determined and correlated with common isotherm equations such as Langmuir and Freundlich models. The mechanism of adsorption of BPA was analyzed preadsorption (XAD-4+fungus) and postadsorption (XAD-4+fungus+BPA) using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that adsorption ability of BPA by immobilized P. eryngii is possible and this system yields the best degree of BPA removal (90%) at pH 11 for an initial load of 120mgL(-1). Therefore, this material can be used as a very effective adsorbent for BPA decontamination in aqueous solutions.
AtıfWoS17OpenAlex21İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2012Scopus SJRQ2ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOM PLEUROTUS ERYNGII COLLECTED FROM TUNCELI PROVINCE OF TURKEY
Yildirim, Nuran Cikcikoglu; Turkoglu, Semra; Yildirim, Numan; Ince, Olcay Kaplan
Antioxidants are our first line of defense against free radical damage, and are critical for maintaining health. The need for antioxidants becomes even more critical with increased exposure to free radicals. In the past few years there has been an increasing interest in determining relevant dietary sources of antioxidant phenolics. Mushrooms have been not only used as food materials with their unique flavor and texture, but also recognized as an important source of biologically active compound of medicinal value. In our study, to determine the antioxidant properties of the methanolic extracts of Pleurotus eryngii strains collected from different region of Tunceli, radical scavenging activity, total phenolic contents, reducing power, metal chelating activity and total antioxidant status (TAS) were analyzed. The analysis of phenolic compounds was performed by HPLC. In particular, the methanolic extract of P. eryngii collected from city center revealed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power, while the highest total phenolics and total antioxidant status was determined in P. eryngii collected from Pulumur. P. eryngii collected from Ovacik showed the highest chelating effects. Concentration of phenolic compounds found in three wild edible mushrooms. Kaempferol and catechin were not determined in musrooms species. The highest rutin levels were determined in ovacik. Resveratrol was determined only in Pulumur. The studied wild mushrooms might be beneficial to protect human body against oxidative damage.
AtıfWoS40İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2011Scopus SJRQ2The Effectiveness of Pleurotus eryngii Strains in Biodelignification of Cotton Stalk, Causing Environmental Hazard and Disposable Problem
Yildirim, Numan; Yildiz, Abdunnasir
Biodelignification of cotton stalk (CS) by Pleurotus eryngii collected from Tunceli and Elazig province of Turkey under solid state fermentation (SSF) was studied. The effect of the addition of varying concentration (5 & 10% w/w) of rice bran (RB) on lignin degradation and Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) ratio were investigated. Klason lignin (KL) degradation was followed for 140 day. While substrate initially contained 28.66% KL, maximum lignin loss (69.68+/-1.05%), occurred on CS +5% RB, C/N ratio of non-fermented cotton stalk initially was 34.13+/-4.98% and after incubation this ratio decreased to 18.60+/-0.36% on CS without RB. It was concluded that P. eryngii strain collected from Tunceli province is very effective in delignifying cotton stalk. (C) 2011 Friends Science Publishers
AtıfWoS2İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2010Scopus SJRQ3Agar-Plate Screening for Acid Dyes Decolourization by Three Strains of Pleurotus eryngii Isolated from Tunceli, Elazig and Hakkari Province of Turkey
Yildirim, N.; Yildiz, A.; Aydin, H.
Many synthetic dyes present in industrial wastewaters are resistant to degradation by conventional treatments. In this study, the ability to decolourize two textile dyes by Pleurotus eryngii strains collected from geographically different habitats of Turkey was evaluated on agar plates For all strains, growth and decolourization halos were determined on malt extract agar plates containing 0 1 and 0.2 g/L of acid red 183 or acid green 25. Each P eryngii strain showed certain decolourization capacities and was able to decolourize both acid red 183 and acid green 25 on the malt extract agar plates, but not to the same extent Both dyes at all concentrations were found to be toxic for P eryngii growth The presence of the dyes in plates reduced the mycelial growth of all strains in comparison with the control culture growing in the medium without dyes. A positive correlation was found between the mycelial growth rate and the decolourization ability
- MakaleYalnız künye2010Scopus SJRQ3Bioconversion Efficiencies of Lignocellulosic Soy Stalk by Pleurotus eryngii Strains
Yildirim, Numan; Yildiz, Abdunnasir
The bioconversion of soy stalk (SS) lignocellulose by three different starins of Pleurotus eryngii from various origins by solid state fermentation was studied during 40 days. The effect of rice bran ratio, 5% or 10% (w/w), on lignin degradation and laccase activity were measured througout the fermentations while, total crude protein and C/N ratio of the remaining substrate were determined at the end of the fermentations. The degradation of lignocellulose was found by the determination of acid soluble lignin (Klason lignin) content. All the strains degraded lignin with different extents. The amount of lignin degradation was decreased by the addition of the higher quantities of rice bran (SS+10% RB). The highest lignin degradation was obtained as 24.43% by P eryngii var. ferulae (E) and the highest protein level was found to be %13.32 by P eryngii (H). We determined that the laccase activity was generally decreased by the addition of the higher quantities of rice bran (10%). Maximum laccase activity (204.39 U/L) was obtained by P. eryngii (E) on SS + 5% RB at the end of the fermentation. This study showed that, after fungal treatment soy stalk can be used as a feed for ruminants with its higher feeding value.
AtıfWoS2OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2010Scopus SJRQ3EVALUATION OF THREE STRAINS OF Pleurotus eryngii ISOLATED FROM GEOGRAPHICALLY DIFFERENT REGIONS OF TURKEY FOR THEIR ABILITY TO DECOLORIZE METHYLENE BLUE AND CHRYSTAL VIOLET
Yildirim, Numan; Yildirim, Nuran Cikcikoglu; Yildiz, Abdunnasir
In this study, the ability to decolorize two chemically different synthetic dyes (methylene blue and crystal violet) by Pleurotus eryngii strains collected from geographically different regions of Turkey was evaluated on agar plates in static liquid cultures. For all strains, growth and decolorization halos were determined on malt extract agar plates containing 0.4 and 0.6 g/L of crystal violet (CV) or methylene blue (MB). Each P. eryngii strain showed certain decolorization capacities and was able to decolorize both MB and CV under static liquid culture conditions, but not to the same extent. The presence of the dyes in static liquid culture reduced the biomass production of all strains in comparison with control culture growing in the medium without dyes. In solid medium, a positive correlation was found between growth halo and decolorization halo.
AtıfWoS1İncele