Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Gul, Muhammet(102)
- Güler, Ömer(69)
- Akkurt, Nevzat(68)
- Tekin, H.O.(52)
- ALMisned, Ghada(49)
- Yucesan, Melih(49)
- Celik, Erkan(45)
- Zengin, Gokhan(40)
- Serdar, Osman(39)
- Kocabaş, Mehmet(37)
- Aslan, Naim(31)
- Baskonus, Haci Mehmet(31)
- Bulut, Hasan(31)
- Mete, Suleyman(31)
- Paksoy, Mehmet Yavuz(30)
- Kök, Mediha(27)
- Ince, Muharrem(26)
- Yildirim, Ozal(26)
- Özkul, İskender(26)
- Sulaiman, Tukur Abdulkadir(25)
- Topal, Murat(25)
- Guler, Omer(24)
- Serin, Faruk(23)
- Benzer, Fulya(22)
- Erten, Fusun(22)
- Alataş, Mevlüt(21)
- Güler, Seval Hale(21)
- Baykal, Duygu Sen(20)
- Taşgın, Yahya(20)
- Kutlu, Banu(19)
- Onat, Onur(19)
- Sahin, Kazim(19)
- Tanyol, Mehtap(19)
- Torğut, Gülben(19)
- Yildirim, Numan(19)
- Kahraman, Gökhan(18)
- Orhan, Cemal(18)
- Say, Yakup(18)
- Susam, Selim Orhun(18)
- Utku, Anıl(18)
Yayınlar
- Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2021Fine–kinney-based occupational risk assessment using interval type-2 fuzzy qualiflex
Gul, Muhammet; Mete, Suleyman; Serin, Faruk; Celik, Erkan
In this chapter, we improved Fine–Kinney occupational risk assessment approach with interval type-2 fuzzy QUALIFLEX (IT2FQUALIFLEX). QUALIFLEX is an outranking multi-attribute decision-making method proposed by an extension of the Paelinck’s (Pap Reg Sci Assoc 36:59–74,[1]), generalized Jacquet-Lagreze’s permutation method. Similar to other outranking solution-based approaches, it considers the solution which is a comparison of hazards. In this chapter, we adapted the interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs) into QUALIFLEX as it reflects the uncertainty well in decision-making. IT2FQUALIFLEX algorithm under the Fine–Kinney concept provides a useful and solid approach to the occupational health and safety risk assessment. In addition to proposing this new approach, a case study is performed in the chrome plating unit. A validation is also performed in this study. Finally, the proposed approach is implemented in Python.
AtıfScopus7OpenAlex7
İncele - Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2021Fine–kinney-based occupational risk assessment using interval type-2 fuzzy topsis
Gul, Muhammet; Mete, Suleyman; Serin, Faruk; Celik, Erkan
This chapter proposed an improved Fine–Kinney occupational risk assessment approach using a well-known MCDM method “TOPSIS” under interval type-2 fuzzy set concept. It is defined as a technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution by Hwang and Yoon [1]. It is based on separation from ideal and anti-ideal solution concept. Since the initial crisp data-based version is insufficient by time in reflecting the uncertainty in decision-maker’s opinions, fuzzy sets are integrated to the TOPSIS algorithm to provide a solid and comprehensive method. Interval type-2 fuzzy set is an improved version of the type-1 fuzzy set. It is also a special version of a general type-2 fuzzy set. Since general type-2 fuzzy systems contain complex computational operations, they cannot be easily applied to real-world problems such as occupational risk assessment. Interval type-2 fuzzy sets are the most frequently used type-2 fuzzy sets due to their ability in handling more uncertainty and producing more accurate and solid results. The Fine–Kinney concept is merged with the interval type-2 fuzzy set concept and TOPSIS for the first time through the literature. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach, a case study is carried out in a chrome plating unit of a gun factory. Some beneficial validation and sensitivity analysis are also performed. Finally, as a creative contribution of our book, the implementation of the proposed approach in Python is performed.
AtıfScopus2OpenAlex3İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ1Influence of partial sodium replacement on proximate composition, physical and sensory quality of marinated anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus)
Demirtas Erol, Nida; Erdem, Ömer Alper; Cakli, Sukran; Yavuz, Arzu Burcu
Several studies are conducted to reduce the salt and various strategies are being developed for this purpose. Consumption of processed meat products is often preferred and salt is used for purposes such as ripening, flavouring, and preservation during their production. Many studies have shown that the excessive salt consumption has negative health effects and so that reducing sodium is important. In this study, the physical and sensory quality of the marinated anchovy produced with potassium salt instead of sodium salt was investigated. Anchovy used in this study was purchased from a local fish market as filleted. Anchovy fillets were transported to the laboratory in ice. Anchovy marinades were produced on the same day. The study consisted of 5 groups and all groups were produced the same day. During the marination acid and salt amounts and pH were monitored. Proximate composition (protein, fat, ash, moisture, sodium, and potassium), physical (colour measurement, cooking loss, texture profile analyses), and sensory (appearance-colour, odour, taste, texture, overall acceptability) quality analyses were performed on day 0. As a result, the best partial sodium replacement was obtained with 50% potassium salt by preserving the physical and sensory quality as in marinates prepared with only 100% sodium salt.
AtıfScopus9WoS9OpenAlex9
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ1An insight into Verbascum bombyciferum extracts: Different extraction methodologies, biological abilities and chemical profiles
Angeloni, Simone; Zengin, Gokhan; Sinan, Kouadio Ibrahim; Ak, Gunes; Maggi, Filippo; Caprioli, Giovanni; Kaplan, Alevcan; Bahşi, Muammer; Çakılcıoğlu, Uğur; Bouyahya, Abdelhakim
The genus Verbascum, commonly known as "mullein", bears several species traditionally used to treat various infections, inflammations and wounds. In this study, extracts from V. bombyciferum, an endemic Verbascum species from Turkey, obtained by different solvents and extraction techniques, were investigated for their bioactive contents using spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and evaluated for their antioxidant, as well as enzyme inhibitory potentials. While spectrophotometric determination revealed the homogenizer assisted extraction/methanolic extract to yield the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (41.80 ± 0.70 mg GAE/g and 39.44 ± 0.30 mg RE/g, respectively), the most significant total bioactive compounds (polyphenols) in the amount of 272.862 mg kg−1, established by HPLC-MS/MS analysis, was noted for the maceration/methanolic extract. Overall, the extracts showed varied antioxidant potency, displaying free radical scavenging ability (DPPH assay: 1.04–51.33 mg TE/g; ABTS assay: 80.04–85.60 mg TE/g), reducing power (CUPRAC: 51.48–183.26 mg TE/g; FRAP: 36.33–90.04 mg TE/g; metal chelating activity (18.48–19.80 mg EDTAE/g) and total antioxidant capacity (phosphomolybdenum assay: 0.78–1.92 mmol TE/g). However, extract of homogenizer assisted extraction/methanol exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in most assays. Only the maceration/methanolic extract inhibited all the studied enzymes (acetylcholinetserase: 2.02 ± 0.20 mg GALAE/g; butyrylcholinesterase: 4.57 ± 0.09 mg GALAE/g; tyrosinase 21.44 ± 3.41 mg KAE/g and amylase: 0.46 ± 0.01 mmol ACAE/g). This study is the first attempt to highlight the potential industrial applications of the endemic plant V. bombyciferum, as a natural source of bioactive compounds that could be considered for future development of phytopharmaceuticals, targeting specific oxidative stress-linked diseases including diabetes, skin hyperpigmentation, and neurological disorders.
AtıfScopus20OpenAlex24İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ1The effect of ethnocentrism and moral sensitivity on intercultural sensitivity in nursing students, descriptive cross-sectional research study
Kaya, Yunus; Arslan, Sevda; Erbaş, Atiye; Yaşar, Beril Nisa; Küçükkelepçe, Gülhan Erkuş
Background: Factors affecting intercultural sensitivity and care are becoming an increasingly important issue due to ethnic diversity. Nurses play a crucial role in care and therefore should keep up with this trend and improve their intercultural sensitivity. Objective and design: This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the effects of ethnocentrism and moral sensitivity on intercultural sensitivity in nursing students. Methods and participants: Data were collected using a demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale, Generalized Ethnocentrism Scale, and Moral Sensitivity Scale. The sample consisted of 1343 nursing students. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine correlations between scale scores. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the effects of ethnocentrism, moral sensitivity, and demographic characteristics on intercultural sensitivity. Results: Intercultural sensitivity was found to be negatively correlated with ethnocentrism and positively correlated with moral sensitivity. Ethnocentrism predicted intercultural sensitivity more than moral sensitivity. Ethnocentrism and moral sensitivity explained 16.8% of the total variance of intercultural sensitivity. However, ethnocentrism affected intercultural sensitivity more than moral sensitivity did (beta = −0.406). Conclusion: Nursing education should adopt strategies to reduce ethnocentrism by helping students develop cultural competence and intercultural sensitivity. Such education can equip nurses to provide higher quality care to patients of different cultural backgrounds.
AtıfScopus48OpenAlex54
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ4Perceptions and experiences of older people regarding the covid-19 pandemic process: A phenomenological study
Akkuş, Yeliz; Parlak, Ayşe Gül; Karacan, Yasemin; Karatay, Gülnaz
Introduction: From the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in 2020 to the present, older people have been the worst affected among all age groups. This study was conducted to examine thoroughly the perceptions and experiences of older people regarding the COVID-19 outbreak. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using a semi-structured, in-depth interview method with 16 older people living in the east of Turkey. The interviews were conducted through the mobile application WhatsApp, as the older people were in the risk group for infection. The sample group was reached using the snowball method. When the data obtained from the participants reached the saturation level, two more interviews were conducted, and then the interviews were ended. After the recorded interviews were transcribed, they were subjected to conventional content analysis. Results: Four main themes emerged from the interviews in line with the purpose of this study. These themes are The Meaning of COVID-19, Outcomes of COVID-19, Need for Support and Resources, and Attitudes toward Vaccination. Conclusion: It was determined that the older people experienced fear during the COVID-19 pandemic; the social restrictions affected them psychologically, physiologically, and economically and they could not get enough support and felt lonely in this process; but nevertheless, they were hopeful about the vaccine. To address these findings, this study suggested support for home care of older people and the development of psychosocial and economic support programs for them.
AtıfScopus2WoS3OpenAlex4TR Dizin1
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ4A classification of para-kenmotsu space forms
Ünal, İnan; Sari, Ramazan
A para-Kenmotsu space form is a para-Kenmotsu manifold with constant φ− sectional curvature. In this study, we work on para-Kenmotsu space forms under some flatness conditions of generalized quasi-conformal curvature tensor which is a generalization of conformal, concircular, conharmonic, projective, M-projective and pseudo-projective curvature tensors. We examine GQC-flat and ξ−GQC flat p-Kenmotsu space forms.
AtıfScopus1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ1Identification of failure mechanisms in existing unreinforced masonry buildings in rural areas after April 4, 2019 earthquake in Turkey
Yön, Burak
Many unreinforced masonry buildings are completely destroyed after destructive earthquakes but, their failure mechanisms cannot be precisely determined. More specifically damage to such buildings is evinced during low or moderate magnitude earthquakes. The aim of this study is to identify the failure mechanisms of existing unreinforced masonry buildings and present a reconstruction strategy or offer strengthening procedures, in order to inhibit damage to masonry structures after destructive earthquakes. For this purpose, a moderate magnitude earthquake which occurred on April 4, 2019 near the township of Sivrice in Elazığ city, in the east of Turkey, was investigated. The magnitude of the studied seismic motion was expressed as Mw=5.2 by the Ministry of Interior Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency. Although this seismic effect was a moderate magnitude earthquake, significant failures occurred. Many masonry buildings and adobe dwellings in the villages of Sivrice were severely damaged by the earthquake. For field observations, ten villages located around the epicentre were visited 65 dwellings were observed and the damage patterns were assessed in detail. The observations showed that the main reasons for the damage to the dwellings were weak structural detailing of wall-to-wall and wall-to-roof connections, inhesion of earthen roofs, and a lack of bond beams in the structural walls. According to field observations, it is deduced that the performance of the undamaged masonry dwellings after earthquakes does not prove that they have adequate seismic safety. Therefore, reinforcing methods (shotcrete implementation, decreasing of space, corner reinforcing etc.) and innovative strengthening procedures (fibre reinforced polymer) are recommended for the undamaged existing unreinforced buildings at the end of the paper.
AtıfScopus53WoS48OpenAlex56İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ2Investigation of the potential human health risk of toxic mercury determined in the grapevine exposed to mine gallery waters
Topal, Murat
In the present study, mercury was selected because of its toxicity. It was detected in the grapevines exposed to mine gallery waters. The potential health risk of mercury in leaves of grapevine those are consumed by human worldwide was investigated. The grapevines were harvested and separated into organs of roots, stems, and leaves. The concentrations of mercury were determined in roots, stems, and leaves. The translocation and bioconcentration factors were calculated. Maximum concentrations of mercury were stem < root < leaf. The health risk potential of mercury on human health was calculated. The estimated daily exposure doses of mercury followed an order for children and adults: dietary > ingestion > inhalation > dermal. The HQ values calculated for exposure ways of dietary, ingestion and inhalation were male < female < children. As a result, it was determined that grapevine exposed to mine gallery waters that cause environmental contamination may cause non-carcinogenic risks on human health.
AtıfScopus1OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ1Assessment of potential health risk associated with the use of Cladophora fracta as mulch
Öbek, Erdal; Topal, E. Işıl Arslan; Topal, Murat
In this study, cadmium, copper, nickel, zinc, chromium, manganese and lead were determined in Cladophora fracta present in Lake Hazar (Turkey). The health risks (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) of heavy metals associated with the use of Cladophora fracta as mulch were also determined. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and metal pollution index (MPI) were calculated. When compared with reference value (1.5 mg/kg for Cr and 200 mg/kg for Mn), the highest accumulation by Cladophora fracta was seen in the month of June as 1442 ± 7.2% (23.13 mg/kg) for Cr and the lowest accumulation calculated in the month of July as 5 ± 0.2% (210 mg/kg) for Mn. In our study, the highest MPI value was 13.69 in September. The magnitude of MPI values of heavy metals determined during April to September appeared in the following order September > August > July > June > May > April. The HQing (hazard quotient due to ingestion) and HQinh (hazard quotient due to inhalation) in all months were chidren > female > male while the order of HQder (hazard quotient due to dermal) was determined as male > female > children. Non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) values in terms of ingestion, inhalation and dermal ways were lower than 1. Also, total HI values were < 1. As a result, there was not non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with usage of Cladophora fracta as mulch.
AtıfScopus4WoS4OpenAlex4İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ1A scaling procedure for straightforward computation of sorptivity
Lassabatere, Laurent; Peyneau, Pierre-Emmanuel; Yilmaz, Deniz; Pollacco, Joseph; Fernández-Gálvez, Jesús; Latorre, Borja; Moret-Fernández, David; Di Prima, Simone; Rahmati, Mehdi; Stewart, Ryan D.
Sorptivity is a parameter of primary importance in the study of unsaturated flow in soils. This hydraulic parameter is required to model water infiltration into vertical soil profiles. Sorptivity can be directly estimated from the soil hydraulic functions (water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves), using the integral formulation of . However, calculating sorptivity in this manner requires the prior determination of the soil hydraulic diffusivity and its numerical integration between initial and final saturation degrees, which may be difficult in some situations (e.g., coarse soil with diffusivity functions that are quasi-infinite close to saturation). In this paper, we present a procedure to compute sorptivity using a scaling parameter, cp, that corresponds to the sorptivity of a unit soil (i.e., unit values for all parameters and zero residual water content) that is utterly dry at the initial state and saturated at the final state. The cp parameter was computed numerically and analytically for five hydraulic models: Delta (i.e., Green and Ampt), Brooks and Corey, van Genuchten-Mualem, van Genuchten-Burdine, and Kosugi. Based on the results, we proposed brand new analytical expressions for some of the models and validated previous formulations for the other models. We also tabulated the output values so that they can easily be used to determine the actual sorptivity value for any case. At the same time, our numerical results showed that the relation between cp and the hydraulic shape parameters strongly depends on the chosen model. These results highlight the need for careful selection of the proper model for the description of the water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions when estimating sorptivity.
AtıfScopus14OpenAlex17İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ4Ricci semi-symmetric normal complex contact metric manifolds
Vanli, Aysel Turgut; Unal, Inan
In this paper, we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions a complex almost contact metric manifold to be normal. In addition, we give some new identities for the Riemann curvature and the Ricci curvatures of normal complex contact metric manifolds. Furthermore, we show that a Ricci semi-symmetric normal complex contact metric manifold is Einstein.
AtıfScopus5İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Metallic nanoparticles as X-Ray computed tomography (CT) contrast agents: A review
Aslan, Naim; Ceylan, Burhan; Koç, Mümin Mehmet; Findik, Fehim
X-ray computed tomography vastly used in both medical purposes and in the research of biological and non-biological materials/samples. Some of the medical applications performed in the clinics requires special protocols where contrast agents may be needed to enhance the contrast. Iodine based contrast agents are commonly used in such applications. Iodine based contrast agents were found hazardous to the environment and some patients has iodine in tolerance due to thyroid origin diseases. Scientists from different fields try to develop contrast agents which can be an alternative to iodine based contrast agents. Metallic nanoparticles have potential to be used as CT contrast agent since metals has high X-ray attenuation and high density. Metal nanoparticles considered as toxic to the living organisms. Covering nanoparticles with organic molecule often reduce toxicity and enhance the biocompatibility. Decoration of nanoparticles with function groups give them targeting properties where special organ and/or tissue can be targeted. Up to now, different studies illustrated the importance of the multipurpose properties of the metallic nanoparticles. In this report, we assessed the metal nanoparticles reported as X-ray computed tomography contrast agent. For the first time in the literature we listed in vivo contrast enhancement, targeted drug delivery and dual/multipurpose imaging properties of each metallic nanoparticles. Therapeutic effects of metallic nanoparticles such as photothermal therapy and magnetic hyperthermia were also addressed. A chart showing relative contrast enhancement properties of the nanoparticles were produced.
AtıfScopus127OpenAlex134İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ1Impact of mechanical properties of historical masonry bridges on fundamental vibration frequency
Onat, Onur
The fundamental frequency of a historical monument like a masonry bridge or any other structure provides a better and detailed seismic assessment of its demand to provide protection against unexpected seismic ground motion. On this basis, this paper aims to develop an empirical formulation to fit the ambient vibration frequency of historical masonry bridges using a nonlinear regression model. For this purpose, data series were collected from the literature especially focused on both ambient vibration measurement and finite element models of historical masonry bridges modeled on a full scale to get the first global natural frequency. The first approach is to forecast the natural vibration frequency by using only physical characteristics of the historical masonry bridges obtained from the literature-based experimental ambient vibration frequency data. The second approach consists of forecasting the first natural vibration frequency considering the unit weight and elasticity modulus of the dominant construction material based on the homogenization approach. In addition to mechanical characteristics, physical properties of historical masonry bridges were used, such as the length, height, width, and Main Arch Span (MAS) length of the masonry bridge, to predict the first natural vibration frequency. Among the proposed equations, a maximum accuracy of 58% was reached with the literature-based experimental approach. Moreover, an empirical formulation with 81% accuracy was proposed by using both physical characteristics and mechanical properties of the bridges on the basis of finite element model results. Also, this study highlights that this accuracy decreases to 35% if the modulus of elasticity and unit weight are ignored. In addition, the developed formulations are compared with other empirical formulations using the Mean Square Error (MSE), as a measure of the average of the squares of the errors. Consequently, the smallest MSE value of 1.95 was obtained with the proposed equation, whose accuracy was 81% in this study.
AtıfScopus17WoS19OpenAlex21İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ1A deep convolutional neural network model for automated identification of abnormal EEG signals
Yıldırım, Özal; Baloglu, Ulas Baran; Acharya, U. Rajendra
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is widely used to monitor the brain activities. The manual examination of these signals by experts is strenuous and time consuming. Hence, machine learning techniques can be used to improve the accuracy of detection. Nowadays, deep learning methodologies have been used in medical field to diagnose the health conditions precisely and aid the clinicians. In this study, a new deep one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) model is proposed for the automatic recognition of normal and abnormal EEG signals. The proposed model is a complete end-to-end structure which classifies the EEG signals without requiring any feature extraction. In this study, we have used the EEG signals from temporal to occipital (T5–O1) single channel obtained from Temple University Hospital EEG Abnormal Corpus (v2.0.0) EEG dataset to develop the 1D CNN model. Our developed model has yielded the classification error rate of 20.66% in classifying the normal and abnormal EEG signals.
AtıfScopus164OpenAlex211İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2New national and regional bryophyte records, 63
Ellis, L.T.; Afonina, O.M.; Czernyadjeva, I.V.; Konoreva, L.A.; Potemkin, A.D.; Kotkova, V.M.; Alataş, M.; Blom, H.H.; Boiko, M.; Cabral, R.A.
AtıfScopus21OpenAlex23İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Empirical modeling between degree days and optimum insulation thickness for external wall
Kallioğlu, Mehmet Ali; Ercan, Umut; Avcı, Ali Serkan; Fidan, Cihad; Karakaya, Hakan
Insulating is the most effective method that is used to save energy in buildings. Samples from cities from different climatic zones from TS 825 (Turkey) first. Optimum insulation thickness (xopt) analysis is based on two types of insulating and four different fuels (natural gas, coal, fuel oil and electric) of related cities. Cost accounts, payback period and CO2-SO2 emission calculations were performed based on these analyses. Second of all, the relationship between a number of degree day (NDD) and optimum insulation thickness (xopt) was developed by linear, quadratic and cubic correlations. Thirty different mathematical correlations based on different fuel types by using XPS and EPS insulating materials. Twenty-four of these models that were developed were generated peculiar to the fuel type; six of them were generated based on average insulation thickness. R2 values of related correlations are between 0.9989 most and 0.9952 at least as well as it is pretty close to (R ≤ 1) one value. The model among these models is the xopt xopt = a+b (NDD) + c(NDD)2+ d(NDD)3 cubic mathematical model that gives the best average value. a = 0.0036, b = 5E-05, c =–7E-09 and d = 6E-13 are the values for XPS material. Following values are for EPS material; a = 0.0028, b = 5E-13, c =–7E-09 and d = 4E-05. R2 determination coefficient of both two equations is pretty close to 0.9989 and 1; the models obtained are less-than-stellar. Optimum insulation thickness of the area can be known based on the type of material via the number of degree day without the need for long analyses. According to the R2 values, the use of all models is recommended for academic and industrial users.
AtıfScopus21WoS24OpenAlex22İncele - BildiriAçık Erişim2020Speed Control of DC Motor Using Single Phase Matrix Converter
Boydak, Merve; Orhan, Ahmet; Caliskan, Abuzer
This paper focuses on speed control of DC motor using new driver circuit of Single-Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC). Changing of modulation index has been provided with closed loop PI control. Thus, the voltage applied to the armature has been controlled and rotating of motor at the desired speed has been enabled. Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) are used to perform SPMC topology. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique is used to obtain switching signals. MATLAB / Simulink is used to implement simulation.
AtıfScopus3WoS3OpenAlex3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ3Modeling of Drying Processes of Dates (Phoenix, Arecaceae) with Oven or TGA and Microbiological Properties of Fresh and Dried Dates
Ertekin, Özlem; İpek, Yeliz
Drying method, which is one of the oldest preservation methods, is important for preserving fruits. Date palm fruit is an important food in human nutrition due to some vitamins, minerals, sugar, phenolic components, and high fiber content. In the literature, date palm drying was not studied sufficiently in the aspect of mathematical modeling and the effect of drying process on the microbiological properties. In this novel study, date palm drying process was applied with four different temperatures of 50°C, 70°C, 90°C, and 110°C with two different drying techniques; drying with oven and drying with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Chemical changes in the date palm structure after drying at different temperatures were investigated with FTIR analysis. Fibrous structure of palm fruit is also exhibited with SEM analysis. On the other hand, microbiological studies were applied both for fresh and dried date palm to observe the drying process effect on the growth of different types of microorganisms. Consequently, drying time decreased with increasing drying temperature while the color of the dried date palm fruit became darker with increasing temperature. However, the chemical structure was not affected. Drying time of oven drying technique was longer than drying with TGA technique. The mathematical model of the drying temperature depending on drying time is calculated as (Formula presented.) for TG-DTA drying experiments and (Formula presented.) for drying process with oven. In addition, the microbiological load has significantly decreased or disappeared with the drying process.
AtıfScopus6WoS6OpenAlex6İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Synthesis and modification of amine-terminated maleic anhydride‑butyl acrylate copolymer and investigation of adsorption properties for cadmium (II) ions (Cd2+)
Yilmaz, Ersen; Erenler, Fatih Mehmet; Boztuğ, Ali
In this study, a maleic anhydride‑butyl acrylate copolymer (MA-BA) was synthesized using maleic anhydride (MA) and butyl acrylate (BA) monomers. The synthesis was carried out in methyl ethyl ketone by benzoyl peroxide as the initiator at 70 °C. Secondly, the MA-BA copolymer was chemically modified with ethylenediamine and abbreviated as NH2MA-BA. The copolymer and its modified structure were analyzed spectroscopically by FT-IR, thermally by Thermo Gravimetry (TGA) and by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Solubility tests of both structures were performed. Then, the adsorption of cadmium ions (Cd2+) by the modified copolymer (NH2MA-BA) was studied. The copolymer and its modified structure were synthesized successfully, and this was proven by their FTIR spectra. The (MA-BA) copolymer is soluble in common organic solvents but (NH2MA-BA) is not due to cross-linking. The DSC and DTA results showed that chemical modification improved the structure thermally. It was shown that the Freundlich model was the best explanation for the adsorption type in correspondence with the experimental plots, and the modified copolymer is a good candidate for Cd2+ adsorption.
AtıfScopus8WoS7OpenAlex8İncele