Munzur ÜniversitesiMunzur ÜniversitesiAçık Erişim Arşivi · RDL Open

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2
    Engineering Superior Soft Magnetic Properties Through FeCo/Cr and FeCo/Fe Nanocrystalline Architectures

    Yüzüak, Gizem Durak

    Soft magnetic materials are integral to various technologies, including high-frequency transformers, spintronic devices, and magnetic sensors, because of their low coercivity (HC) and high magnetization. This study investigates nanocrystalline Fe70Co30(100 nm)/Cr(2-10 nm) and Fe70Co30(100 nm)/Fe(2-10 nm) thin films, deposited via magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that Fe70Co30 films without buffer layers crystallize in a body-centered cubic phase. The Cr and Fe buffer layers enhance it by minimizing lattice mismatch and promoting a uniform crystalline growth of the Fe70Co30 layer. The most significant particle size variations observed were approximately 24% for the Cr buffer and 31% for the Fe buffer. Microstructural characterization using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy identified nanograins with an average size of 30–80 nm. Magnetic characterization with a vibrating sample magnetometer showed a marked reduction in HC. Additionally, the remanence-to-saturation magnetization ratio remains nearly constant at 0.95 across all Fe-buffered films, whereas it increases from 0.80 to 0.92 in Cr-buffered films as the Cr thickness increases. The results highlight the importance of buffer layer engineering in enhancing the microstructural and magnetic properties of FeCo thin films, thereby increasing their suitability for advanced magnetic technologies.

    ScopusWeb of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1
    Biogenic amine profiling of fruit wines by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after OPA derivatisation: effect of fruit type

    Tok, Fırat; Çetin, Burcu; Karaca Sanyürek, Nesrin

    This study aimed to characterise the biogenic amine (BA) profiles of fruit wines produced from different raw materials and to investigate their association with pH and fruit type. Ten commercially available fruit wines, including pomegranate, black mulberry, sour cherry, strawberry, melon, blackberry, and blueberry, were analysed using HPLC with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) following pre-column derivatisation with o-phthalaldehyde. Putrescine, tyramine (TYR), and histamine were identified as the predominant amines, with total BA concentrations ranging from 11.62 to 53.96 mg/L depending on the fruit type. The pH values of the wines (3.28-3.60) were inversely related to acidity and showed a strong positive correlation with total BA content (r = 0.97, p < .001). Among the detected compounds, TYR exhibited the highest sensitivity to pH variation. Multivariate analysis using principal component analysis clearly differentiated the samples into two distinct groups: low pH-low BA wines (pomegranate and blueberry) and high pH-high BA wines (blackberry and strawberry). The HPLC-FLD method demonstrated excellent analytical performance, with high chromatographic stability (retention time RSD < 1%) and reliable compound identification. Overall, the results indicate that BA formation in fruit wines is closely associated with both pH and fruit type, reflecting the combined effects of raw material composition and fermentation conditions. These findings provide valuable insights into the biochemical characterisation, quality assessment, and safety evaluation of fruit wines in oenological applications.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    ScopusWeb of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1
    Exogenous methyl jasmonate delays quality loss and maintains bioactive compounds in quince during long-term storage

    Hanci, Mehmet Utku; Ozturk, Ahmet; Aglar, Erdal; Olcer, Mehmet Ali; Ozturk, Burhan

    Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) is a climacteric fruit species that, despite its high nutritional value and rich phenolic composition, is prone to quality changes during postharvest handling. However, under appropriate storage conditions it can be maintained at acceptable quality for several months. This study aimed to assess the effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments on quality attributes, and phenolic metabolism of quince fruit during cold storage. Fruits were treated with 0 (control), 0.5, and 1.0 mM MeJA and stored at 0 ± 1 °C with 90 ± 5% relative humidity for 120 days. Analyses were conducted at 30-day intervals, including physiological, phytochemical, and antioxidant activity, as well as individual phenolic compounds. During cold storage, fruits treated with 1.0 mM methyl jasmonate (MeJA) exhibited lower weight loss and respiration rate. Higher fruit firmness was also observed in MeJA-treated fruits. At the end of storage, MeJA-treated fruits showed higher vitamin C content and titratable acidity, but lower soluble solids content than the control fruits. Similarly, at 60 and 90 days of storage, fruits treated with 1.0 mM MeJA were found to contain higher levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Among the phenolic acids identified in quince fruit, chlorogenic acid and 4-aminobenzoic acid were present at higher concentrations compared to the other phenolic compounds. At the end of the storage, MeJA-treated fruits generally exhibited a slower decline in phenolic acids compared to the control, indicating a protective effect of the treatment on phenolic stability. As a result, methyl jasmonate applications were identified as an effective strategy for reducing post-harvest quality losses and preserving bioactive compounds in quince fruit. Specifically, the 1.0 mM MeJA application showed the strongest protective effect on quality parameters. These findings indicate that MeJA is a commercially viable method for extending shelf life and preserving quality in quince fruit.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    ScopusWeb of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1
    FedMedIDS: A non-IID-resilient federated DCNN framework for securing IoMT and IoHT devices

    Gencer, Burak; Dogan, Gurkan

    The diversity of devices in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and Internet of Health Things (IoHT) networks creates significant security vulnerabilities against cyberattacks. Traditional centralized machine learning approaches, however, are not always suitable for these environments due to data privacy regulations. In this study, a new Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) architecture is proposed for attack detection in IoMT/IoHT networks. The proposed architecture integrates the Residual Squeeze-and-Excitation (RSE) Block, the Squeeze-and-Excitation attention mechanism (SEM), and a one-dimensional multi-pooling approach. The model was evaluated within a federated learning (FL) framework called Federated Medical Intrusion Detection System (FedMedIDS), which preserves data privacy and demonstrates robustness in heterogeneous client scenarios. Four different training strategies—Centralized, FedAvg, FedProx, and Local-Only—were adopted for the evaluations. The proposed model and existing models were tested on the Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity – Internet of Medical Things 2024 (CICIoMT2024) and Edith Cowan University – Internet of Health Things (ECU-IoHT) datasets and compared with current deep learning models. The DCNN proposed for the CICIoMT2024 dataset and a Dirichlet distribution with α = 1.0 achieved F1 scores of up to 99.92% under FedAvg and 94.64% under FedProx with α = 0.5. At α = 0.05, the highest level of heterogeneity, it outperformed the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) by as much as 27%. On the ECU-IoHT dataset, F1 scores of up to 89.57% under FedAvg and 89.50% under FedProx were achieved at α = 1.0. This represents an improvement of up to 37% over LSTM at the same level of heterogeneity.

    ScopusWeb of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1
    Optimization of scours downstream of conduit aerators

    Arici, Erdinc; Tuna, M. Cihat; Aytac, Ayca; Acar, Ramazan; Tunc, Mustafa

    Dams, wastewater treatment plants, and aquaculture areas often require aeration, making it crucial for hydraulic engineers to predict the physical properties of scour holes occurring on the downstream side of conduits. Conduit systems that provide high aeration performance necessitate multiple optimization studies to simultaneously maximize the scour parameters and the system’s physical properties. In this study, the physical parameters of conduit systems and downstream scour parameters were optimized using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The optimum system parameters were identified based on the experimental results through ANN-based optimization. Additionally, the real and optimal effects of the parameters on aeration performance and scour were determined. The results of the study demonstrated that ANN can be effectively used in studies aimed at optimizing the aeration performance and scour values of conduits. This study is the first to apply ANN for the simultaneous optimization of both aeration efficiency (Qa/Qw) and scour characteristics (dmax and δ) in a conduit-based hydraulic system. Previous studies have typically focused on either scour or aeration individually; this study integrates both through a multi-objective ANN model. The findings provide novel insights for the design and retrofitting of energy-dissipating conduit structures in high-head dam applications. Unlike traditional empirical or regression-based approaches, the ANN model captures complex, nonlinear relationships among multiple interacting hydraulic variables. It identified optimal parameter combinations — such as 70% gate opening, 1.30–1.50 m conduit length, and 9 mm air hole diameter — that improve both aeration and scour behavior. These outcomes offer direct applicability for real-world hydraulic system optimization.

    • SDG 6 · Temiz Su ve Sanitasyon
    AtıfOpenAlex1
    ScopusWeb of SciencePubMedİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ3
    An Artificial Neural Network Modeling of Solar Drying of Mint: Energy, Exergy, and Drying Kinetics

    Gülçimen, Fevzi; Karakaya, Hakan; Durmuş, Aydın

    Abstract: Solar drying is an environmentally friendly method for preserving agricultural products; however, limited studies have jointly examined energy–exergy performance and data-driven prediction methods under varying airflow conditions, which restricts performance optimization. This study aims to investigate the effects of inlet airflow rate on energy utilization ratio, energy generation, exergy loss, exergy efficiency, and drying kinetics of mint leaves, and to evaluate the predictive capability of artificial neural network modeling. Thin-layer drying experiments were conducted in a forced convective solar dryer equipped with a newly designed solar air collector at different air mass flow rates. Energy and exergy analyses were conducted using experimental thermodynamic data, and energy utilization and exergy loss were modeled with a feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network. The energy utilization ratio ranged from 7.45 to 87.1% and increased with decreasing airflow rate. The average exergy losses for air mass flow rates of 0.012, 0.026, and 0.033 kg s–1 were 16.2, 8.2, and 6.88 W, respectively. Both experimental and artificial neural network results showed that increasing airflow rate reduced energy utilization ratio and exergy loss. The artificial neural network predictions exhibited very close agreement with experimental data. The results show that artificial neural networks can accurately predict energy utilization ratio and exergy loss in a forced convective solar dryer. Airflow rate is a key parameter for thermodynamic performance, and the integrated experimental–ANN approach offers a robust tool for optimizing and designing solar drying systems.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    • SDG 7 · Erişilebilir ve Temiz Enerji
    AtıfOpenAlex1
    Scopusİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ2
    Lithium Recovery from Boron Processing Wastes via Mechanical Activation-Assisted Water Leaching: Application of Planetary Milling

    Boylu, F.; Obuz Teker, Gülsen; Ersever Angur, Gafure; Ozdemir, O.; Çelik, M.S.

    In this study, a more sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly approach for selective lithium extraction via water leach assisted by planetary mill mechanical activation was applied on clayey wastes of the Kırka Boron Plant. A detailed systematic study on wastes was performed to optimize both mechanical activation and leaching conditions and to characterize the active powders by XRD, FTIR and EDS/EDX. The results show that lithium can be recovered at relatively low leach temperatures of 50–60°C and short leach times of 3–5 min, achieving leach recoveries of 44.71 (without salt addition) and 57.71% (with 20% salt addition, w/w) without the need for pre-concentration of the waste. Despite relatively low lithium recoveries, water leaching of activated powder produced remarkably low concentrations of co-leached ionic impurities less than 10 ppm Mg, 20 ppm Ca, and 250 ppm K, compared to significantly higher concentrations observed during 1 M acid leaching (9422 ppm Mg, 564.5 Ca, and 72.5 ppm K, upon 1 M acid leaching, respectively). The presence of Mg ions, in particular, is known to be highly detrimental competing ion in metal recovery processes. Therefore, the proposed method offers both economic and environmental advantages by enabling higher purity lithium recovery under much milder conditions.

    • SDG 6 · Temiz Su ve Sanitasyon
    • SDG 12 · Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim
    AtıfScopus1OpenAlex1
    ScopusWeb of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1
    Influence of apple pomace and asparaginase on acrylamide levels in cookies and behavior during simulated gastric digestion: risk assessment perspectives

    Sevim, Sumeyra; Macit, Arife; Farıa, Miguel A.; Viegas, Olga; Cunha, Sara C.; Kizil, Mevlude; Ferreira, Isabel M.P.L.V.O.

    Cookies are widely consumed baked products; however, their contribution to dietary acrylamide (ACR) intake raises increasing health concerns. This study investigated the effects of apple pomace addition and asparaginase treatment on ACR levels in cookies, the fate of ACR during simulated gastric digestion using the INFOGEST semi-dynamic model, and the associated health risks of ACR exposure from cookie consumption. Risk assessment was conducted for adults (18–65 years) and children (3–10 years) using Monte Carlo simulation. Three formulations were evaluated: a control cookie, a cookie in which wheat flour was partially replaced with apple pomace, and a cookie containing asparaginase. Cookies formulated with apple pomace contained significantly lower ACR levels than the control (132 ± 8 μg/kg vs. 215 ± 11 μg/kg; p < 0.05), although the reduction was less pronounced than in cookies containing asparaginase (65 ± 14 μg/kg). During gastric digestion, ACR exhibited formulation-dependent release kinetics. Nevertheless, the total ACR released at the end of digestion was similar for control and pomace cookies, likely due to additional ACR formation in the stomach, despite differences in release patterns throughout digestion. Margin of Exposure (MOE) values for children remained well below 10,000, indicating a potential carcinogenic risk, although reductions of up to 59% were observed for control and pomace cookies after digestion. Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) values showed a slight increase after digestion in both age groups but remained below 1, suggesting no concern for chronic toxicity. Control cookies indicated a potential carcinogenic risk for children (ILCR = 1.56 × 10−4), whereas pomace and asparaginase formulations reduced this risk (ILCR = 9.59 × 10−5 and 4.72 × 10−5, respectively). However, simulated gastric digestion increased ILCR values for both control and pomace cookies (2.24 × 10−4 and 2.33 × 10−4, respectively). These findings indicate that dietary exposure to ACR cannot be assessed solely based on its concentration in food, and that digestive kinetics should be incorporated into health risk assessment.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    ScopusWeb of SciencePubMedİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1
    Computational fluid dynamics analysis of battery pack with cooling channel integrated with innovative thermoelectric cooling stations

    Yardımcı, Uğurcan; Tuğan, Volkan

    In this study, a novel liquid cooled battery thermal management system integrated with a thermoelectric assisted cooling channel has been designed. To prevent battery cells from operating at high temperatures and to ensure a uniform temperature distribution among the cells, multiple thermoelectric stations were placed at various positions along the cooling channel. The performance of four different models created with various temperature combinations, as well as a conventional model without thermoelectrics, was investigated through Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. In the analyses, five different thermoelectric temperatures (293.15–298.15 K), two different mass flow rates (0.0013 and 0.0018 kg/s), and two different initial temperatures (298.15 and 303.15 K) were examined. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the performance of the battery thermal management system with the use of the thermoelectric assisted cooling channel. It was determined that lowering the initial temperature from 303.15 K to 298.15 K and increasing the mass flow rate from 0.0013 kg/s to 0.0018 kg/s resulted in better cooling performance and more uniform distribution for the thermoelectric assisted system. Under the conditions of a 0.0013 kg/s mass flow rate and an initial temperature of 303.15 K, the highest reduction in maximum battery temperature, compared to the non-thermoelectric design, was achieved in Model B with 9.207 K. Under the same conditions, the most significant reduction in maximum temperature difference was observed in Model D with 4.758 K. Furthermore, the Root Mean Square Spread analysis results revealed that Model B provided the best performance in terms of temperature distribution.

    • SDG 7 · Erişilebilir ve Temiz Enerji
    AtıfScopus7WoS7OpenAlex10
    ScopusWeb of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1
    Structural and radiation shielding properties of high-entropy rare-earth oxide-doped borosilicate glass

    Güler, Ömer; Yılmaz, Demet; Kanca, Muhammed Sait; Kök, Mediha; Taşgın, Yahya

    In this study, the incorporation of a high-entropy rare-earth oxide, (GdLaEuPrDyY)2O3 (RE-HEO), into a borosilicate glass matrix was investigated with the aim of improving radiation shielding performance while preserving the structural integrity of the glass. The RE-HEO was first synthesized by high-energy mechanical alloying and then introduced into the glass system at concentrations ranging from 0 to 8 wt% using a conventional melt-quenching process. The structural and microstructural properties of the prepared samples were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). The analyses confirmed that the amorphous nature of the borosilicate glass was maintained and that the rare-earth elements were homogeneously distributed within the matrix. The radiation shielding performance was evaluated experimentally using Am-241, Ba-133, and Ra-226 gamma sources, and supported by theoretical calculations of key parameters including mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), exposure buildup factor (EBF), and fast neutron removal cross-section (ΣR). The results showed that increasing RE-HEO content leads to a noticeable improvement in gamma-ray attenuation. In particular, the sample containing 8 wt% RE-HEO exhibited a MAC value of 0.131 cm2/g and an HVL of 2.03 cm at 356 keV, indicating shielding performance comparable to that of conventional lead-containing glasses. In addition, irradiation tests performed using a Co-60 gamma source revealed that the amorphous structure remains stable after exposure. Overall, the findings suggest that RE-HEO-doped borosilicate glass can be considered a promising lead-free alternative for radiation shielding applications.

    AtıfScopus1WoS1OpenAlex1
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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2
    Radiation shielding performance of CeO2-reinforced ternary nanocomposites based on biodegradable polymers and waste-derived polystyrene

    Pekdemir, Mustafa Ersin; Yilmaz, Demet; Selçuk Pekdemir, Sibel; Gülhan, Aleyna; Yalçin Kuzu, Serpil; Altun, Sedanur; Taşgin, Yahya

    The development of sustainable polymer-based materials for radiation shielding has attracted increasing interest, particularly for lightweight and flexible applications. In this study, ternary nanocomposites based on poly (hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA), poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and polystyrene (PS) were prepared and reinforced with cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (5–15 wt%) to enhance radiation shielding performance. Structural characterization confirmed the preservation of polymer chemical structures and the successful incorporation of crystalline CeO2, while SEM observations revealed a relatively homogeneous nanoparticle dispersion within the ternary matrix, particularly at intermediate filler loadings. Thermal analysis demonstrated enhanced thermal stability with increasing CeO2 content, as evidenced by an increase in residual mass from 0.42% for the neat blend to 11.21% for the nanocomposite containing 15 wt% CeO2, along with a shift of degradation onset temperatures toward higher values. Photon shielding performance was experimentally evaluated in the energy range of 13.37–59.54 keV. The incorporation of 15 wt% CeO2 increased the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) from 1.277 to 12.366 cm2 g−1 at 13.37 keV, corresponding to an approximately ninefold enhancement, while significantly reducing the half-value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP). Neutron shielding analysis showed a slight decrease in thermal neutron attenuation due to hydrogen dilution within the polymer matrix, whereas fast neutron attenuation and neutron removal cross sections exhibited only minor variations; the fast neutron removal cross section increased modestly from 0.1014 to 0.1047 cm−1 with 15 wt% CeO2 addition. Overall, the results highlight clear structure–property–performance relationships in CeO2-reinforced PHA/PCL/PS nanocomposites, demonstrating their potential as lightweight radiation shielding materials for low energy protection with improved thermal stability and shielding efficiency.

    • SDG 12 · Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim
    AtıfScopus2OpenAlex1
    ScopusWeb of SciencePubMedİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ2
    Comprehensive Characterization of Nano-Eu2O3 Reinforced Borotellurite Glasses: Synthesis, Physical, Structural, and Gamma and Neutron Attenuation Properties

    Durmus, Hasan; Kilic, Gökhan; Ilik, E.; Kavaz, Erkan; Güler, Ömer; Birdoğan, Selcuk; Almisned, Ghada; Tekin, Hüseyin Ozan

    This study presents a systematic investigation of lithium borotellurite glasses reinforced with nano-Eu2O3, with the aim to enhance the structural stability and radiation shielding performance. Glasses were synthesized with Eu2O3 concentrations from 0 to 10 mol % and characterized through density, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the density increased steadily from 4.030 to 4.734 g/cm3 with the Eu addition, while the molar volume also expanded, indicating that the incorporation of larger Eu3+ ions induced network expansion alongside densification. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed amorphous structures for all the compositions except Eu(n)2, which exhibited local crystallinity, later suppressed at higher Eu levels. The transmission electron microscopy pictures and energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping showed homogeneous nanoparticle distribution without clustering. Gamma-ray attenuation studies demonstrated clear improvements with Eu doping: the linear attenuation coefficient increased from 8.33 cm−1 (Eu(n)0) to 12.42 cm−1 (Eu(n)10) at 81 keV, while the half-value layer values decreased, confirming superior low-energy absorption. Experimental neutron studies revealed ΣR values comparable to standard neutron moderators, with Eu(n)10 showing a favorable balance of gamma and neutron shielding. Limitations include the restricted photon energy window and single neutron source. Future work should extend testing to higher energies, thermal/epithermal neutron ranges, and mechanical and durability assessments. Overall, nano-Eu2O3 reinforcement provides a promising pathway toward multifunctional transparent shielding glasses.

    ScopusWeb of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1
    Investigation of the structural, thermal and radiation shielding properties of (Er0.2Yb0.2Sm0.2La0.2Eu0.2)2Zr2O7 high entropy oxide reinforced tin matrix composite

    Güler, Ömer; Yılmaz, Demet; Kanca, M. Sait; Kök, Mediha; Güler, Seval Hale; Taşgın, Yahya

    This study investigates the structural, thermal, and radiation shielding properties of (Er0.2Yb0.2Sm0.2La0.2Eu0.2)2Zr2O7 high entropy oxide (HEO) reinforced tin (Sn) matrix composites. In the first stage of the study, HEO powders were synthesized by grinding at 350 rpm for 30 h using a solid-state method with mechanical alloying assistance, and then calcining at 1100 °C for 8 h. In the second stage, composites were produced by mixing HEO-reinforced Sn matrix materials containing 1%, 5%, and 10% reinforcement, pelleting them under 200 MPa pressure, and then sintering them at 300 °C for 3 h. In the first stage of the study, (Er0.2Yb0.2Sm0.2La0.2Eu0.2)2Zr2O7 HEO powders were synthesized using a mechanical alloying-assisted solid-state route. In the second stage, HEO-reinforced Sn matrix composites containing 1 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt% reinforcement were produced. The phase formation and crystallographic structure of the synthesized powders and composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction. Thermal behavior and phase stability were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal analysis results revealed dehydration and structural stabilization processes at intermediate temperatures, while crystallization of the HEO phase was observed at elevated temperatures. In addition, oxidation behavior of the Sn matrix composites was evaluated, showing that the presence of HEO particles significantly suppresses mass gain during high-temperature oxidation, indicating improved thermal stability. Finally, the radiation shielding performance of the samples was experimentally evaluated within the photon energy range of 59.54–609.2 keV using Am-241, Ba-133, and Ra-226 radioactive sources together with a Ultra-Low Energy Germanium (ULEGe) detector. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of HEO particles leads to minor, energy-dependent variations in the radiation attenuation capability of the tin matrix, influenced by the presence of high atomic number rare-earth elements and modified microstructural characteristics. The gamma radiation protection coefficient (RPC) values indicate strong attenuation in the low photon energy region, decreasing to approximately 16–19% at 609.3 keV. Moreover, the measured neutron equivalent dose rates increase from 0.054 µSv/h for pure Sn to 0.285 µSv/h for the Sn–10%HEO composite, indicating that HEO incorporation modifies the neutron interaction behavior of the Sn matrix composites.

    ScopusWeb of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2
    Data-Driven Prediction of Climate Variables in Agricultural Cities of India With Hybrid GA-TCN-LSTM Model

    Utku, Anil

    Accurate prediction of climate variables is important in reducing the effects of natural disasters and taking preventive measures for agriculture and food security, energy sector, public health, and water resources management. For agricultural production, it is essential for producers to determine strategies for their agricultural activities and to increase agricultural productivity. Issues such as determining planting and harvest times, determining pesticides to be used against agricultural pests, selecting products to be planted, irrigation, and sustainable agriculture are directly related to climate variables. In this study, a GA-TCN-LSTM hybrid prediction model was created to determine climate variables such as relative humidity, temperature, wind speed, and dew point in Bhopal, Indore, Kanpur, Ludhiana, and Patna, which are among the prominent cities of India in terms of agricultural production. The hyper-parameters of the developed model using the temporal convolutional networks (TCN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) were optimized with the genetic algorithm (GA), and the GA-TCN-LSTM hybrid model was created. GA-TCN-LSTM was extensively compared with the base TCN-LSTM, convolutional neural network (CNN), LSTM, TCN, and CNN-LSTM. The compared models were tested using approximately 15 years of hourly, up-to-date, and real-time data of the cities. Experiments showed that GA-TCN-LSTM outperformed the compared models and had above 0.9 R-Squared (R2) for the majority of cities and climate variables.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    • SDG 9 · Sanayi, Yenilikçilik ve Altyapı
    • SDG 13 · İklim Eylemi
    AtıfScopus2WoS1OpenAlex2
    ScopusWeb of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2
    Production and Thermal–Structural Characterization of Nano-Oxide-Doped Paraffin-Based Phase Change Composite Materials for Thermal Storage Applications

    Yücel, Halit Lutfi; Özdemir, Osman; Kahraman, Gökhan

    Paraffin-based composite phase change materials (PCMs) have been synthesized for thermal energy storage applications to enhance thermal conductivity and stability while maintaining latent heat storage capacity. In this study, RT42 paraffin was modified with inorganic nano-oxides (Al2O3, CuO, SiO2, and ZnO) in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a surfactant. The incorporation of SDS improved nanoparticle dispersion and reduced agglomeration, resulting in enhanced phase-change behavior and improved structural homogeneity. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed slight variations in melting and crystallization temperatures, while the ZnO-doped composite retained up to 92% of the latent heat storage capacity of pure RT42. Among all the investigated composites, the Al2O3-doped sample exhibited the highest thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated an increase of approximately 15–20°C in the decomposition temperature, demonstrating enhanced thermal stability. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses confirmed the preservation of the crystalline structure and improved microstructural uniformity. The developed SDS-assisted nano-oxide/RT42 composites exhibit significant potential for passive thermal regulation in renewable energy and building applications.

    • SDG 7 · Erişilebilir ve Temiz Enerji
    AtıfScopus1WoS1OpenAlex1
    ScopusWeb of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ2
    Alloy-to-oxide transformation of a spinel-structured (Fe30Cr30Mn20Ni10V10)3O4 high-entropy alloy-oxide via mechanical alloying: Synthesis, phase stability, multivalent surface states, and radiation attenuation behaviour

    Güler, Ömer; Güler, Seval Hale; Özkul, İskender; Baykal, Duygu Sen; Tekin, H.O.; ALMisned, Ghada

    A spinel-structured high-entropy alloy-oxide (HEAO) with the nominal composition (Fe30Cr30Mn20Ni10V10)3O4 was synthesized via mechanical alloying followed by thermo-mechanical oxidation X-ray diffraction indicated the formation of a predominantly spinel-type cubic oxide phase after oxidation, with the observed reflections being consistent with the Fd-3m spinel structure, while SEM-EDS mapping showed a homogeneous cation distribution at the examined scale. XPS analysis revealed mixed valence states of Fe2+/Fe3+, Cr3+/Cr4+, Mn3+/Mn4+, Ni2+/Ni3+, and V4+/V5+. Thermodynamic parameters supported phase stability, with ΔSmix = 12.51 J K−1·mol−1 and Ω = 2.68. Gamma-ray attenuation properties were evaluated over 0.015-15 MeV. The linear attenuation coefficient decreased from 193.685 cm−1 at 0.015 MeV to 0.309 cm−1 at 1 MeV and stabilized near 0.137 cm−1 at 15 MeV. Correspondingly, the half value layer increased from 0.004 cm to 5.068 cm across the same energy range. The effective atomic number decreased from 24.58 at 0.015 MeV to approximately 15.37 at 1 MeV, followed by a moderate increase to 17.71 at 15 MeV. Comparative analysis with commercial stainless steel, titanium alloys, nickel-based superalloys, ferro-boron systems, and lightweight entropy alloys demonstrated that the synthesized HEAO exhibits intermediate yet stable attenuation performance, positioning it between low-density Al-based systems and high-density Ni-rich alloys. It can be concluded that the alloy-to-oxide strategy enables the production of a structurally stable spinel HEAO with consistent and competitive gamma-ray attenuation behaviour across a broad photon energy spectrum.

    AtıfScopus1OpenAlex1
    ScopusWeb of Scienceİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1
    Flexural response prediction of C-shaped concrete-filled composite plate shear walls (C-PSW/CF) using response surface methodology

    Polat, Erkan

    Concrete-filled composite plate shear walls (C-PSW/CF) are an emerging prefabricated structural system that combines high strength, stiffness, and constructability for use in high-rise and seismic applications. Conventional plastic-theory-based flexural models originally developed for planar walls are intended only to estimate peak flexural strength; however, they cannot adequately capture several mechanisms governing the behavior of C-shaped sections, including concrete confinement, plate local buckling, von Mises stress interaction, and shear-lag effects. Moreover, no analytical formulations are currently available for predicting the full monotonic flexural response of such walls. This study develops a surrogate-based modeling framework that integrates high-fidelity finite element (FE) simulations with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to predict the monotonic flexural response and yield moment capacity of C-shaped C-PSW/CF walls. A validated three-dimensional FE model (FEM) was used to simulate 77 wall configurations generated through a Central Composite Design (CCD) by varying six geometric and material parameters. Second-order RSM equations were derived to estimate moment capacity across drift ratios up to ±4% in both loading directions and to predict yield moments corresponding to the onset of web and flange plate yielding. The developed models show high predictive accuracy (R² > 0.95) and successfully capture nonlinear parameter interactions among section geometry, reinforcement ratio, and steel yield strength. Compared with nonlinear FE simulations, the RSM equations enable rapid prediction of wall capacity using explicit closed-form expressions, providing a computationally efficient tool for performance-based design and parametric evaluation of prefabricated composite wall systems.

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2
    Eigenfunction Expansion and Parseval Identity of β-Dirac Operators on the Whole Line

    Koşar, Nida Palamut; Koşar, Cem; Akcay, Ozge

    In the present work, we investigate a (Formula presented.) -Dirac problem on the whole-line. Our primary objectives are threefold: to demonstrate the existence of a spectral function, to deduce the associated Parseval identity, and to formulate an eigenfunction expansion theorem that characterizes the behavior of the problem under consideration.

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2
    Experimental and numerical analysis of ceramic fiber geopolymer concrete under blast effect

    Dalğıç, Aras; Yılmazer Polat, Berivan; Savaş, Sedat

    This study employs both experimental and numerical methods to investigate the blast resistance of ceramic fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete (CFGC), a cement-free material often referred to as green concrete due to its environmentally friendly nature compared to Portland cement concrete (PCC). Geopolymer concrete specimens, formulated with ground granulated blast furnace slag, silica fume, and varying proportions of ceramic fibers, were subjected to blast tests using 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 grams of trinitroglycerin (TNG). A standard PCC specimen was utilized as a control. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of 10% ceramic fibers significantly enhances the blast resistance of the geopolymer concrete, reducing crater diameters by up to 20% compared to conventional PCC. Furthermore, the finite element model developed in ANSYS Workbench exhibits a strong correlation with the experimental data, validating the predictive capability of the numerical simulations. Overall, this research highlights the immense potential of CFGC as a sustainable, highly durable alternative for structures exposed to blast loads.

    • SDG 9 · Sanayi, Yenilikçilik ve Altyapı
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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1
    Natural propolis-based coatings as an effective strategy to control microbial growth and quality losses of kiwifruit during cold storage

    Ozturk, Burhan; Gun, Sefa; Erturk, Omer; Aglar, Erdal; Yıldız, Kenan; Ozturk, Ahmet

    Background: this study investigated the effects of ethanol-extracted propolis applications on the quality characteristics, microbial growth, and microstructural changes of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) during cold storage. Four different application groups were created: control, 70% ethanol application (ETH), 3% propolis coating (PRO1), and 6% propolis coating (PRO2). After dip coating, the fruits were stored for 150 days at 0 ± 0.5 °C and 90 ± 5% relative humidity, and analyses were performed on days 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150. During storage, weight loss, respiration rate, fruit firmness, color, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C, total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assays), individual phenolic compounds, and microbial growth were determined in fruit samples. In addition, microstructural changes on the fruit surface were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the elemental surface composition was determined using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results: propolis coating applications maintained the quality characteristics of kiwifruit during storage. In particular, PRO1 and PRO2 reduced weight loss and respiration rate, better preserved fruit firmness, and maintained more stable color parameters. Propolis coatings also contributed to the preservation of ascorbic acid, total phenolic compounds, and total flavonoids, ensuring that antioxidant activity remained at higher levels throughout the storage period. Microbiological analyses showed that propolis coatings markedly reduced total bacterial counts on the kiwifruit surface, indicating their potential to limit microbial contamination during cold storage. SEM images showed that propolis coatings formed a homogeneous film layer on the fruit surface and limited microbial colonization by sealing surface pores. EDX analyses showed treatment-dependent changes in the surface elemental composition of kiwifruit peel, whereas SEM observations confirmed the formation of a continuous propolis-derived surface layer. Conclusions: overall, ethanol-extracted propolis coatings reduced total bacterial counts and quality losses in kiwifruit during cold storage and may serve as an effective natural preservative for extending cold-storage life. This journal is

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
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