Response surface methodology · Konu

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MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/4586
Investigation of Dielectric Constant and Electrical Conductivity of Poly(MA-co-MMA)/Ce(NO3)3 Composites by Response Surface Methodology for Advanced Dielectric Applications
Torgut, Gulben; Incesu, Rabia
In this study, poly(maleic anhydride-co-methyl methacrylate) [poly(MA-co-MMA)] copolymer and their Ce(NO3)3-filled composites were synthesized and systematically investigated. The copolymer was prepared via free radical polymerization using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator in 1,4-dioxane medium. Poly(MA-co-MMA)/Ce(NO3)3 composites were fabricated through a solution mixing technique in accordance with the response surface methodology (RSM) design. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that no significant chemical interaction occurred between the polymer molecule and Ce(NO3)3 particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed a relatively uniform dispersion of Ce(NO3)3 particles within the polymer, resulting in a rougher surface with increasing filler content and that aggregation occurs at 20 wt%. The presence of Ce(NO3)3 particles in the polymer was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The effects of frequency, applied voltage, and Ce(NO3)3 content on dielectric constant (epsilon) and electrical conductivity (sigma) were optimized using RSM, and the significance of these parameters was evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). An increase in Ce(NO3)3 content significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity, while the applied voltage exhibited no statistically significant effect on dielectric properties. ANOVA results identified Ce(NO3)3 content as the most influential parameter in the developed model.
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MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/830
Optimization and Modeling of Brilliant Yellow Removal Via Neodymium-Infused Polymeric Hydrogel: A Central Composite Design Study
Pıhtılı Yıldız, Güzin; Tanyol, Mehtap; Demir, Ferhat
This study investigates the adsorption performance of a neodymium (III)-reinforced Poly(acrylamide-co-N-vinylimidazole) hydrogel composite [P(AAm-co-NVI)/Nd3+] for the removal of brilliant yellow (BY) dye from aqueous media. The hydrogel structure and metal–polymer interactions were characterized using FT-IR, TGA, SEM, and XRD analyses. The adsorption process was systematically optimized using a central composite design (CCD) approach combined with response surface methodology (RSM). The CCD-RSM second-order model exhibited a good fit to the experimental data (R2 = 0.9350), as supported by ANOVA. Numerical optimization revealed a maximum removal efficiency of 99.13% at a hydrogel dosage of 0.08 g/100 mL, an initial BY concentration of 81.68 mg/L, and a contact time of 61.73 min. Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherms were used in modeling the adsorption data. When the correlation coefficients of both models were compared, it was observed that the Langmuir isotherm provided a better fit for adsorption. The enhanced adsorption performance is attributed to the presence of Nd3+ ions, which promote additional electrostatic interactions and coordination sites between the hydrogel matrix and anionic dye molecules. The results demonstrate that Nd3+-reinforced hydrogels can serve as efficient and tunable adsorbent systems, particularly when process parameters are optimized statistically.
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MakaleYalnız künye2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/647
Flexural response prediction of C-shaped concrete-filled composite plate shear walls (C-PSW/CF) using response surface methodology
Polat, Erkan
Concrete-filled composite plate shear walls (C-PSW/CF) are an emerging prefabricated structural system that combines high strength, stiffness, and constructability for use in high-rise and seismic applications. Conventional plastic-theory-based flexural models originally developed for planar walls are intended only to estimate peak flexural strength; however, they cannot adequately capture several mechanisms governing the behavior of C-shaped sections, including concrete confinement, plate local buckling, von Mises stress interaction, and shear-lag effects. Moreover, no analytical formulations are currently available for predicting the full monotonic flexural response of such walls. This study develops a surrogate-based modeling framework that integrates high-fidelity finite element (FE) simulations with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to predict the monotonic flexural response and yield moment capacity of C-shaped C-PSW/CF walls. A validated three-dimensional FE model (FEM) was used to simulate 77 wall configurations generated through a Central Composite Design (CCD) by varying six geometric and material parameters. Second-order RSM equations were derived to estimate moment capacity across drift ratios up to ±4% in both loading directions and to predict yield moments corresponding to the onset of web and flange plate yielding. The developed models show high predictive accuracy (R² > 0.95) and successfully capture nonlinear parameter interactions among section geometry, reinforcement ratio, and steel yield strength. Compared with nonlinear FE simulations, the RSM equations enable rapid prediction of wall capacity using explicit closed-form expressions, providing a computationally efficient tool for performance-based design and parametric evaluation of prefabricated composite wall systems.
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Yüksek Lisans TeziAçık Erişim2025/r/munzur/7316
Tunceli organize sanayi bölgesi atıksularının elektrokoagülasyon prosesi ile arıtılabilirliğinin incelenmesi
Ecem Oral
Bu çalışmada, Tunceli Organize Sanayi Bölgesi (OSB) atıksularının elektrokoagülasyon prosesi ile arıtılması araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın temel amacı, elektrokoagülasyon sürecinde en yüksek kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ) ve renk giderim verimlerinin sağlandığı optimum ortam koşullarını belirlemek ve aynı zamanda işletme maliyetini minimize etmektir. Çalışmada, akım yoğunluğu, elektrotlar arası mesafe ve reaksiyon süresi olmak üzere üç bağımsız parametrenin, KOİ ve renk giderimi ile işletme maliyeti üzerindeki etkileri Yanıt Yüzey Yöntemi (YYY) esaslı Merkezi Kompozit Tasarım (MKT) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar Design Expert 7.0 yazılımı ile tasarlanmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Modelleme sonuçları, KOİ, renk giderimi ve işletme maliyeti için geliştirilen ikinci dereceden (kuadratik) modellerin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve güvenilir olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Korelasyon katsayıları (R²) sırasıyla 0.9425 (KOİ giderimi), 0.9255 (renk giderimi) ve 0.9899 (işletme maliyeti) olarak bulunmuş, bu da deneysel veriler ile model tahminleri arasında güçlü bir uyum olduğunu göstermiştir. Optimizasyon çalışmaları sonucunda; KOİ giderimi için optimum koşullar 19.86 mA/cm² akım yoğunluğu, 4.84 cm elektrotlar arası mesafe ve 79.49 dakika reaksiyon süresi olarak belirlenmiş ve bu koşullarda %68.07 KOİ giderimi sağlanmıştır. Renk giderimi için optimum koşullar 5.41 mA/cm² akım yoğunluğu, 5.15 cm elektrotlar arası mesafe ve 68.47 dakika reaksiyon süresi ile %99.93 renk giderimi elde edilmiştir. Minimum işletme maliyeti ise 6.82 mA/cm² akım yoğunluğu, 2,58 cm elektrotlar arası mesafe ve 10.29 dakika reaksiyon süresi altında 0,098 USD/m³ olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, %68.07 KOİ giderimi sağlanan ortam şartlarında %98.35'lük bir renk giderimi ve 0.125 USD/m³'lük işletme maliyeti elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda, elektrokoagülasyon yönteminin uygun parametrelerle optimize edildiğinde, Tunceli OSB gibi endüstriyel atıksuların etkin bir şekilde arıtılabileceği ve düşük işletme maliyetleriyle sürdürülebilir bir arıtma alternatifi sunabileceği ortaya konmuştur.
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MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/2071
Optimization of rare earth elements recovery from Kızıldag (Karaman-Türkiye) shale ore using response surface methodology
Uysal, Turan; Ünal, Ceren Erust; Akça, Muhammet Esat; Sis, Hikmet; Erdemoğlu, Murat
In this study, the usability of bauxite-related shale ore, rich in Rare Earth Elements (REEs), to produce REEs, which have high added value and critical importance, was investigated. In this context, Kızıldag (Karaman-Türkiye) shale ore, was prepared for tests through size reduction and sampling processes. HCl leaching was performed at different acid concentrations, leaching times, leaching temperatures, and liquid/solid ratios to determine the optimum leaching conditions for the milled ore. The modeling and optimization parameters related to leaching recovery were investigated using the response surface method (RSM). The results were evaluated using analysis of variance, three-dimensional graphs were drawn, and the accuracy of the models was discussed. Accordingly, optimum values were found, and the REE leaching recovery corresponding to these optimum values was 49.13%. It was concluded that the optimization results were compatible with the experimental results, and the average error rate (6.35%) was low.
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MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/1268
Spring-Based Soil–Structure Interaction Modeling of Pile–Abutment Joints in Short-Span Integral Abutment Bridges with LR and RSM
Polat, Erkan; Göçmen Polat, Elifcan
Integral abutment bridges (IABs) are increasingly adopted in transportation infrastructure due to their durability, reduced maintenance needs, and cost-effectiveness compared to conventional bridges. However, their reliable performance under live loads is strongly influenced by the nonlinear soil–structure interaction (SSI) at the pile–abutment joint, which remains challenging to quantify using conventional analysis methods. This study develops simplified spring-based models to capture the SSI behavior of pile–abutment joints in short-span IABs. Predictive equations for joint rotation, deflection, moment, and shear are formulated using Linear Regression (LR) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Unlike prior studies relying solely on FEM or traditional p–y curves, the novelty of this work lies in deriving regression-based spring constants calibrated against FEM analyses, which can be directly implemented in standard structural software. This approach significantly reduces computational demands while maintaining predictive accuracy, enabling efficient assessment of pile contributions and global bridge response. Validation against finite element method (FEM) results confirms the reliability of the simplified models, with RSM outperforming LR in representing nonlinear parameter interactions.
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MakaleYalnız künye2024Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/2205
Process optimization and modeling of Pb(II) ions adsorption on a new and reusable biocomposite material using experimental design approach
Ince, Muharrem; Kaplan Ince, Olcay; Alp Kavlo, Hevidar
This research paper aimed to establish the optimal conditions for lead (Pb(II)) ions from industrial wastewater (IW) using response surface methodology and central composite design (CCD) approach. A fixed-bed column study was designed by using a novel and reusable biocomposite material, Amanita vaginata (A. vaginata) immobilized on Amberlite XAD-4 resin (A&XAD-4@AV), to find out biosorption behavior of Pb(II) ions. Various experimental variables such as optimum pH value, biocomposite material amount, flow rate, and Pb(II) ions initial concentration were investigated, which significantly affected the Pb(II) ions removal efficiency. The maximum Pb(II) removal efficiency of A&XAD-4@AV biocomposite material was determined as 11.2 mg g−1 under optimum conditions. The reusability of A&XAD-4@AV biocomposite material was found to be suitable. For checking model adequacy, a regression model was derived using CCD to predict the responses and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and lack of fit test was performed. It was observed that the quadratic model, which was controlled and proposed, originated from experimental design data. The ANOVA showed a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9896, R2Adj = 0.9800, R2Pred = 0.9633). Finally, developed and optimized method was applied effectively to wastewater for determining Pb(II) ions levels. The current study indicated that the prepared A&XAD-4@AV is an efficient material to remove of Pb(II) ions from IW.
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MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/1809
Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-based pH-sensitive biofilm: An experimental design approach for release of vitamin B12
Onal, Ali; Demir, Hulya; Ince, Olcay Kaplan; Ince, Muharrem
Hydrogels because of their unique potentials, such as highwater content and hydrophilicity, are of interest for the controlled release of drug molecules. In the present study, a biofilm was produced using chitosan, a natural polymer. Characterization analyses of the synthesized biofilm were performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. The analysis results of the film before loading were compared to the analysis made after adding vitamin B12 to the film. The release percentage of vitamin B12 was investigated by using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometery. The FT-IR bands of vitamin B12 were in the range of 2,800-3,500 cm-1 and 1,000 cm-1-1,750 cm-1. When pH increased from 3 to 7, release of vitamin B12 from the biopolymer increased up to pH 5. While examining the release potential, parameters, such as pH, initial concentration of vitamin B12, release time, and solution volume, were optimized by using response surface methodology. It was determined that with the increase in release time and the initial concentration, pH contributed positively to the release of vitamin B12. The following conditions were determined for release of vitamin B12 from the biofilm: pH: 4.2, initial concentration of vitamin B12: 54.0 mg L-1, the release time: 117 min, and volume of solution: 2.1 mL. The analysis of variance results showed that the determination coefficients for the use of synthesized biofilm in vitamin B12 release were high and R2 =0.9704.
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MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/1622
The biosorption of Co(II) by Homalothecium sericeum from aqueous solutions under batch conditions: response surface methodology optimization and Daphnia magna bioassay
Tanyol, Mehtap; Korkmaz, Volkan; Yildirim, Numan; Erguven, Gokhan Onder; Ayhan, Nagihan Karaaslan; Alatas, Mevlut
In the present work, Homalothecium sericeum biomass was used for removal of Co(II) from aqueous solution. The effects of process parameters (contact time, biosorbent amount, and initial Co(II) con-centration) on the response (Co(II) % removal) were investigated using a batch adsorption system optimized with response surface methodology/central composite design method. Under optimized conditions the maximum Co(II) removal efficiency achieved is 94.07% at an initial Co(II) concentration of 2.05 mg/L, a H. sericeum amount of 0.34 g/50 mL, and a process time of 36.09 min. In this study, the toxicity of the medium after biosorption carried out under optimized conditions was also tested with Daphnia magna bioassay. When mortality results with D. magna were evaluated, although a removal efficiency of 94.07% was obtained after biosorption, this was not sufficient to reduce mortality of D. magna.
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Yüksek Lisans TeziAçık Erişim2022/r/munzur/7151
EuCl₃ ile katkılanmış yeni bir polimer kompozitinin hazırlanması, karakterizasyonu ve boyar madde giderimi için kullanılması
Kübra Birkan
Bu tez çalışmasında, serbest radikalik in-sitü polimerizasyon yöntemi ile laboratuvar ortamında sentezlenen EuCl3 katkılı 4-vinilpridin-ko-akrilamid (poli(4-VP-koAAm)/EuCl3) hidrojelinin atıksulardan naftol yeşili B'yi giderim performansı araştırılmıştır. Adsorbentin özellikleri, Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi (FT-IR) spektroskopisi, taramalı elektron mikroskopu (SEM) ve X-ışını kırınımı (XRD) analizleri gibi çeşitli tekniklerle tanımlanmıştır. Naftol yeşili B adsorpsiyon verimliliğinin pH, adsorbent madde miktarı, başlangıç naftol yeşili B boya konsantrasyonu, sıcaklık ve temas süresi gibi değişkenlere bağımlılığı kesikli sistemde incelenmiştir. En yüksek giderim verimi 30 mg/L başlangıç naftol yeşili B konsantrasyonu, 0,05 g/100 mL Poli(4-VP-koAAm)/EuCl3 dozajı, pH=5,42 ve 25 °C sıcaklıkta %98,40 olarak elde edilmiştir. Deneysel denge verilerileri Langmuir izoterm modeli ile daha iyi uyum sağlamıştır. Kinetik sonuçlar, adsorpsiyon prosesinin hız belirleme basamaklarından biri olarak iç difüzyon ile birlikte yalancı ikinci derece kinetiği ile tanımlanabileceğini göstermiştir. Adsorpsiyon prosesinin ekzotermik ve kendiliğinden olduğu bulunmuştur. Adsorpsiyon prosesi üzerine seçilen parametrelerin etkileşim etkilerini belirlemek ve prosesin adsorpsiyon kapasitesini optimize etmek için yanıt yüzey yöntemi (YYY)'nde bulunan merkezi kompozit tasarım (MKT) kullanılmıştır. Optimunm şartlar 110 mg/L naftol yeşili B konsantrasyonu, 0,05 g/100 mL poli(4-VP-ko-AAM)/EuCl3 dozajı ve 165,81 dk temas süresi olarak bulunmuştur. Bu şartlar altında adsorpsiyon kapasitesi 206,46 mg/g olmuştur. Elde edilen deneysel sonuçlar, adsorbent olarak Poli(4-VP-ko-AAm)/EuCl3 hidrojeli kullanılarak naftol yeşili B boyasının başarılı bir şekilde atıksulardan giderilebileceğini göstermiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Adsorpsiyon, naftol yeşili B, poli(4-VP-ko-AAm)/EuCl3 hidrojeli, yanıt yüzey yöntemi
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MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/3048
Decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R and Brilliant Green dyes by Hypnum cupressiforme using response surface methodology-central composite design methodology: toxicity assessment studies by Daphnia magna
Korkmaz, Volkan; Erguven, Gokhan Onder; Tanyol, Mehtap; Alatas, Mevlut; Yildirim, Numan
This study is the first report that aims to optimize the removal of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R (RBV 5R) and Brilliant Green (BG) from synthetic solutions using Hypnum cupressiforme samples from Abant Mountains of Bolu (Turkey) as biosorbent and to conduct toxicity evaluation studies of treated wastewater using Daphnia magna. Optimization was performed using central composite design under response surface methodology with the operational factors of dye concentration, H. cupressiforme dose, and process time. The optimal conditions for dye concentration, H. cupres-siforme dose, and process time obtained by the numerical analysis were 19.02 mg/L, 0.18 g/50 mL and 110.59 min for RBV 5R, while these values were 18.57 mg/L, 0.18 g/50 mL and 99.45 min for BG, respectively. At the optimum values, maximum RBV 5R and BG removal were achieved as 99.39% and 99.22%, respectively. The D. magna mortality rates showed that treatment with adsorption were sufficient to remove the complete toxicity of dyes especially for RBV 5R.
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MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/2599
Chitosan-graft-poly(N‑tert‑butylacrylamide) Copolymer: Synthesis, Characterization and Optimization of Tetracycline Removal Using RSM
Tanyol, Mehtap; Torğut, Gülben
In the present study, a graft copolymer was synthesized in accordance with the free radical method using N-tertiary butylacrylamide monomer on chitosan, which is an environmentally friendly polymer. The chemical structure and surface morphology of the newly synthesized graft copolymer were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Moreover, the thermal behavior was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. The chitosan-graft-poly(N‑tert‑butylacrylamide) graft copolymer was used as an adsorbent for the rapid removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions in order to investigate its applicability. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for the optimization of the study conditions, namely adsorbent dosage (0.01–0.04 g 100 mL−1), reaction time (10–90 min) and initial tetracycline concentration (10–100 mg 100 mL−1). The effects of these conditions on tetracycline uptake capacity were examined and the results were statistically analyzed. The RSM results showed that the maximum tetracycline uptake capacity of 104.81 mg g−1 was achieved under the following conditions: adsorbent dose of 0.03 mg 100 mL−1, reaction time of 51.12 min and initial tetracycline concentration of 97.99 mg L−1. ANOVA based on central composite design combined with RSM showed a good agreement between the experimental values and quadratic model estimates, thus resulting in a coefficient (R2) of 0.9118 for tetracycline uptake. The kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of adsorption were examined, and results showed that equilibrium data fitted the Freundlich isotherm model, and the adsorption kinetics of tetracycline followed pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters like the enthalpy − 10.39 kJ mol−1 (ΔH°), entropy 0.044 kJ mol−1 K−1 (ΔS°) and Gibbs free energy − 23.26 kJ mol−1 (ΔG°) were evaluated and also, ΔG° shows a negative values indicating that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The findings demonstrated that the chitosan-graft-poly(N‑tert‑butylacrylamide) copolymer is an effective adsorbent for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.
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MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ3/r/munzur/2578
Research on the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder Modified by Fume Silica and Crumb Rubber Compound
Akpolat, Mustafa; Kök, Baha Vural; Aydoğmuş, Ercan
This study investigates the effect of using Fume Silica (Aerosol 300) alone and together with crumb rubber (CR) in bitumen modification on the traditional and rheological properties of the binder and compares it to the SBS modified binder. Using the aerosol additive in the binder at the rates of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% were determined as the most convenient ratio and CR+aerosol modified binders were prepared per this ratio. The binders were subjected to the softening point, viscosity, frequency sweep, bending beam rheometer (BBR), and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests in the context of the study. Besides, the optimum conditions were determined according to the response functions by designing an experiment with statistical regression according to the Response surface methodology (RSM). The results indicate that the optimum aerosol ratio is 1.5%. With the use of 1.5% aerosol in 6% CR modification per bitumen weight, it was found that (1) the softening point increases and the temperature sensitivity decrease in comparison to other binders, (2) the consistency of the binder increases, (3) the complex modulus values increase and become more resistant to rutting, (4) the low-temperature parameters enhance by performing more flexible behavior, (5) there may be physical changes in the structure even though there is no chemical reaction in the binder with the use of CR and aerosol additives, and (6) the experimental data and theoretical data obtained from the RSM method are consistent as per the statistical analysis.
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MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/2545
Naphthol green B Removal using a Novel Hydrogel Composite: Thermodynamics, Isotherms, Kinetics and Optimization by RSM
Pıhtılı, Güzin; Tanyol, Mehtap; Birkan, Kubra
In this study, the efficiency of the Poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-acrylamide) doped with EuCl3 {(Poly(4-VP-co-AAM)/EuCl3)} hydrogel synthesized in the laboratory by free radical in-situ polymerization method in removing naphthol green B (NGB) from wastewater was investigated. The structural properties of the adsorbent have been described by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The dependence of NGB adsorption performance on varying such as the amount of adsorbent, initial NGB concentration and contact time were investigated in a batch system. To determine the interaction effects of the selected parameters on the adsorption process and to optimize the adsorption capacity of the process, the central composite design (CCD) in the response surface methodology (RSM) was used. Optimum conditions were found to be 110 mg/L NGB concentration, 0.05 g/100 mL Poly(4-VP-co-AAM)/EuCl3/EuCl3 dosage and 165.81 min contact time. The adsorption capacity and removal efficiency under these conditions were 206.46 mg/g and 92.50 %, respectively. Experimental equilibrium data were in better agreement with the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic results indicated that the adsorption process can be defined by pseudo-second-order kinetic with internal diffusion as one of the rate-determining steps. The adsorption process was found to be exothermic and spontaneous. Experimental results showed that dye can be successfully removed from wastewaters using Poly(4-VP-co-AAM)/EuCl3 hydrogel as adsorbent.
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MakaleAçık Erişim2022Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/2344
Preparation of ε-Caprolactone/Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanocomposite and Its Application to the Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R Dye Adsorption from Wastewaters by Using RSM
Pekdemir, Mustafa Ersin; Tanyol, Mehtap; Torğut, Gülben
In this study, poly (ε-caprolactone)/Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite (PCL/Fe3O4 MNC) was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization. Then, PCL/Fe3O4 MNC was used as a novel adsorbent to remove remazol brilliant violet 5R (RBV 5R) from the aqueous media. The effects of PCL/Fe3O4 MNC dosage, process time, and initial RBV 5R concentration on the removal of RBV 5R were studied using the central composite design (CCD) method. The adsorption process was optimized using the response surface methodology, and the optimum conditions were defined. Optimum RBV 5R removal of 95.40% was obtained at a contact time of 167.98 min, PCL/Fe3O4 MNC dosage of 0.40 g, and RBV 5R concentration of 7.18 mg L−1. The process was also designed using the adsorption kinetic models and isotherm. The experimental data of RBV 5R adsorption on PCL/Fe3O4 MNC followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models than the other models. Morphological and chemical properties of the adsorbent-adsorbate system indicated the high adsorption yield of RBV 5R on PCL/Fe3O4 MNC was achieved. The structural characteristics of the PCL/Fe3O4 MNC were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared, attenuated total-reflectance (ATR), and X-ray diffraction. ATR tests showed that no significant change in chemical bond is found in PCL/Fe3O4 MNC before and after the adsorption process. The morphology of composites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. A vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used for the measurement of the magnetic property. Thermal analysis of MNC was studied using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry instruments.
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MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/3453
The assessment of basic blue 41 textile dye decolorisation using the Fenton process: response surface methodology optimisation and toxicity evaluation
Tanyol, Mehtap; Cikcikoglu Yildirim, Nuran; Tatar, Sule; Serdar, Osman; Yildirim, Numan
The biochemical biomarkers (Catalase (CAT), glutathione s-transferase (GST), cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1450) activities and glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels) of D. polymorpha exposed to the basic blue 41 (BB41) solutions for 24 and 96 h before and after the Fenton process (FTP) were evaluated to investigate the efficiency of the FTP. The optimum conditions for the removal of BB41 were set using central composite design (CCD), which is a response surface methodology (RSM) module in the Design-Expert® software. The optimal conditions were found to be 27.87 min, 3.49 mg/L, and 0.04 for reaction time, initial BB41 concentration, and Fe2+/H2O2 molar ratio, respectively, resulting in maximum (99%) removal efficiency. After FTP, the MDA and GSH levels decreased significantly during the 24 and 96 h. CAT activities were increased after treatment. No statistically significant changes were observed in the CYP1A1 levels after FTP. GST activities decreased during 24 h but increased during 96 h after FTP. CYP1A1450, catalase, GST activities and MDA, GSH levels of D. polymorpha are useful biomarkers to evaluate the efficiency of FTP. This study suggests that BB41 dye must be further treated after the FTP to minimise the ecotoxicological risk.
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MakaleAçık Erişim2021Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/2868
Exposure to copper and risk assessment for human health via consumption of alcoholic beverages
Ince, Muharrem; Kaplan Ince, Olcay; Onal, Ali
Present study was performed using a Box–Behnken Design (BBD) combined with a response surface methodology (RSM). The ultimate goal of this research was to apply BBD for modeling of copper (Cu2+) ions from alcoholic beverages and evaluate health risk assessment of Cu2+ via consumption of alcoholic beverages. The importance of independent paramaters and their interactions were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Natural clay was investigated to remove Cu2+ ions from some alcoholic beverage samples including beer and wine. X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis were used for adsorbent characterization. Same analyzes were applied for Cu2+ loaded clay. In addition, experimental studies showed that Freundlich isotherm was better than Langmuir isotherm. Finally, optimized method was applied to alcoholic beverages. Besides target hazard quotients (THQ), estimated daily intake (EDI) values were calculated, to assess a health risk resulting from these alcoholic beverages regular consumption. The EDI values of Cu (µg/day/person) through consumption of investigated drinks were less than the recommended dietary allowance values. Also, the THQ values of Cu2+ were less than 1. According to estimated target hazard, it can be said no long life health concerns of Cu2+ is associated with the consumption of studied drinks. Obtained results were compared with the data from literature and levels set by regulatory authorities, it can be clearly stated that the consumption of mentioned alcoholic beverages do not pose a toxicological risk.
AtıfScopus14WoS10OpenAlex11
İncele
MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/2558
Electrocoagulation induced treatment of indigo carmine textile dye in an aqueous medium: the effect of process variables on efficiency evaluated using biochemical response of Gammarus pulex
Tanyol, Mehtap; Yildirim, Nuran Cikcikoglu; Alparslan, Dilek
Indigo carmine removal from aqueous solutions was investigated by the electrocoagulation process and biochemical responses of Gammarus pulex to solutions before and after treatment were studied. Electrocoagulation experiments in the first stage were carried out with central composite design (CCD) using response surface methodology (RSM). Optimization of process variables that maximize indigo carmine removal by electrocoagulation process was carried out by using a second-order model within the studied test range of various process variables. According to the optimization results, optimum conditions for obtaining 82.55% maximum indigo carmine removal were pH 5.86, a current density of 13.31 mA/cm2, an indigo carmine concentration of 20.01 mg/L, and a time period of 115.80 min. Under optimum conditions for indigo carmine removal, the amount of sludge formed was 0.928 kg/m3, electrode consumption was 0.0305 kg/m3, and energy consumption was 7.461 kWh/m3. The operating cost was calculated as 0.79 US$/m3 under treatment conditions where optimum indigo carmine removal was achieved. In the second stage, G. pulex was exposed to treated and untreated synthetic indigo carmine solutions obtained from experiments according to optimum conditions in order to investigate the biochemical response for 24 and 96 h. Treatment efficiency was evaluated with superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) biomarkers. Results clearly showed that the electrocoagulation process was a simple and effective treatment method for the decolorization of wastewaters containing indigo carmine dye. The bioassays used in the present study provided good credibility for checking the detoxification of treated and untreated indigo carmine solutions.
AtıfScopus14WoS12OpenAlex16
İncele
MakaleYalnız künye2019Scopus SJRQ1/r/munzur/3389
Fabrication, characterization of poly(MA-co-NIPA)-graphene composites and optimization the dielectric properties using the response surface method (RSM)
Torğut, Gülben
Poly(Maleic anhydride-N-isopropyl acrylamide poly(MA-co-NIPA) copolymer was synthesized by Free radical polymerization method. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimizing the dielectric constant (έ) and dielectric loss factor (ε՛՛). The aim of this study is to determine the quantitative relationship between selected parameters (frequency, applied voltage and graphene content) at room temperature. The importance of process parameters in the model is assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) investigation. Our results show that, with increasing the frequency the έ and ε՛՛ of the polymers decreases, whereas voltage has no significant effect on έ and ε՛՛ of the composites. With the incorporation of graphene into poly(MA-co-NIPA) the έ and ε՛՛ considerably increased by 244% and 387% respectively. The model predicted the maximum value of the έ (13) when the frequency was set at 4506, the voltage was set at 1.45, and the graphene content was set at 14.97 wt%. Also, the RSM indicated that maximum ε՛՛ (1969) was achieved at the frequency of 512, at the voltage of 20.44, and at the graphene content of 14.76 wt%. The morphology of composites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM results demonstrated that the poly(MA-co-NIPA)-graphene composites has interconnected and they form different morphologies with the increase of GNs content. ATR tests showed that no significant change in chemical bond and crystallization is found in composites.
AtıfScopus16WoS17OpenAlex21
İncele
MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ2/r/munzur/3251
Using Box–Behnken design approach to investigate benzo[a]anthracene formation in smoked cattle meat samples and its’ risk assessment
Kaplan Ince, Olcay; Ince, Muharrem
In present study, a novel approach was selected for benzo[a]anthracene determination from smoked cattle meat samples using solid phase extraction under various experimental conditions. To optimize experimental variables, a three factor, three-level Box–Behnken experimental design combining with response surface methodology and quadratic programming were employed to prevent excessive amount of benzo[a]anthracene formation in smoked meat based on different experimental parameters. The influence of some important process parameters including cooking time (10–30 min), fat ratio (5–25%) and distance to the cooking source (5–25 cm), which significantly affected the formation efficiency of benzo[a]anthracene were optimized. The analysis of variance was conducted for specifying the interactions of independent variables. The independent and the dependent variables interactions were investigated. The quadratic regression model and the response surface contour plots were used to determine optimum values for the selected variables. The results of study revealed that optimum cooking time of smoked cattle meat was determined as 24.9 min, fat ratio 7.9% and the distance to the cooking source 21.8 cm. Under optimum conditions, minimum benzo[a]anthracene was formed in meat and its amount was determined using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometer as qualitative and quantitative. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were calculated as 0.4 µg kg −1 and 1.1 µg kg −1 , respectively.
AtıfScopus4WoS4OpenAlex8
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