Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Gul, Muhammet(86)
- Güler, Ömer(69)
- Akkurt, Nevzat(68)
- Baskonus, Haci Mehmet(53)
- Tekin, H.O.(52)
- Bulut, Hasan(50)
- ALMisned, Ghada(49)
- Serdar, Osman(43)
- Yucesan, Melih(43)
- Paksoy, Mehmet Yavuz(42)
- Yildirim, Numan(41)
- Zengin, Gokhan(40)
- Yildirim, Nuran Cikcikoglu(39)
- Ince, Muharrem(37)
- Kocabaş, Mehmet(37)
- Celik, Erkan(35)
- Benzer, Fulya(33)
- Sulaiman, Tukur Abdulkadir(29)
- Aslan, Naim(27)
- Can, Erkan(27)
- Kutlu, Banu(27)
- Kök, Mediha(27)
- Tanyol, Mehtap(27)
- Danabas, Durali(26)
- Kutluyer, Filiz(26)
- Özkul, İskender(26)
- Ates, Mehmet(25)
- Yildirim, Ozal(25)
- Onat, Onur(23)
- Topal, Murat(23)
- Demir, Veysel(22)
- Erten, Fusun(22)
- Guler, Omer(22)
- Say, Yakup(22)
- Yaman, Mehmet(22)
- Alataş, Mevlüt(21)
- Güler, Seval Hale(21)
- Çimen, Okay(21)
- Baykal, Duygu Sen(20)
- Mete, Suleyman(20)
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ4Electrochemical behaviour of cross-linker glutaraldehyde as a receptor for carbaryl biosensor
Ipek, Yeliz
Glutaraldehyde (GA) is a famous cross-linker that is used for immobilization of enzyme or biologic material on electrochemical biosensor electrodes. It has an important role in pesticide biosensor studies. Because of the inhibitor effect of pesticides on acetylcholine esterase enzyme (AChE), it is generally immobilized on the electrode by cross-linking method. Glutaraldehyde is used as cross-linker agent to immobilize the enzyme on the electrode surface. Acetylcholine esterase activity is inhibited by pesticides or other neurotoxic compounds. This inhibition helps us to detect the pesticide residual. Although numerous electrochemical pesticide biosensors are based on generally the immobilization of the enzyme in the literature, an enzymeless biosensor based on GA has been developed in this study for the first time. Enzyme biosensors have high cost and needs special storage conditions. In this study, glutaraldehyde detected the carbaryl pesticide as sensitive as an acetylcholine esterase enzyme biosensor. The biosensor electrode was constructed with coating GA on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Thus, it is a simple, low cost and practical method for pesticide detection in the water samples with low detection limit of 5x10(-9) mol L--(1).
AtıfWoS3
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020ANALYSIS OF TURKISH BIRD NAMES IN THE TURKISH DICTIONARY IN TERMS OF ONOMASTICS
Korkut, Gizem
In this study; it is aimed to reveal the criteria used in bird naming in Turkish and to examine the methods used in creating concepts. The names of the birds in the Turkce Sozluk, which was published by the Turkish Language Association in 2019 as the eleventh edition, were determined and later, according to the naming methods; Bird names of Turkish origin were classified under eight headings according to their nutrition, physical characteristics, calling sound, behavior, color, habitat, resemblance to another animal, hunting and not depending on a reason. Identified bird names were examined both in appearance and aural. In the study, Turkish and non-Turkish-origin bird names were distinguished and Turkish-origin bird names were examined in the study. In order to reflect the bird vocabulary in the Turkce Sozluk fully, the bird names that are not of Turkish origin are also listed in the study. In the conclusion of the study; the most common naming methods used in bird naming, the most used naming methods in terms of syntax and the languages in which bird names are mostly used in terms of etymology were mentioned.
- MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ1Petrological evolution of Karliova-Varto volcanism (Eastern Turkey): Magma genesis in a transtensional triple-junction tectonic setting
Karaoglu, Ozgur; Gülmez, Fatma; Göçrnengil, Gonenc; Lustrino, Michele; Di Giuseppe, Paolo; Manetti, Piero; Savasçin, Mehmet Yilmaz; Agostini, Samuele
AtıfOpenAlex26İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Ecotoxicity Study of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Chlorella Sp. and Daphnia Magna
Ertit Tastan, Burcu; Kars Durukan, Ilknur; Ates, Mehmet
Nanoparticles have great impact due to their tremendous industrial applications. However, their applications have produced toxicity effects on the aquatic environments and their detailed analyses are not clearly understood. Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) are being used extensively in many industries but are considered highly toxic to aquatic species residing in surface waters. This paper demonstrates the acute toxicity of alpha-Fe2O3 and gamma-Fe2O3 NPs in two aquatic species. The effects of various concentration (0, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L) of alpha-Fe2O3 and.-Fe2O3 on the sensitivity response of the Chlorella sp. and D. magna were investigated. The growth of microalgal decreased with increased concentration of the alpha-Fe2O3 and gamma-Fe2O3 NPs concentrations but did not show a significant toxic effect. The EC50 concentration value was 500 mg/L and LD50 concentration value was 1000 mg/L for alpha-Fe2O3 treated daphnids in 72 h, respectively. The findings demonstrate the significant evidence in understanding acute toxicity of Fe2O3 NPs for environmental protection as part of risk assessment strategies.
AtıfWoS6İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020SURFACE FAMILY WITH COMMON LINE OF CURVATURE IN 3-DIMENSIONAL GALILEAN SPACE
Altin, Mustafa; Ünal, Inan
In this paper we tried to find parametric presentation of a surface family with common line of curvature in 3-dimensional Galilean space. We have obtained necessary and sufficient conditions for the curve to be a common line of curvature on this surface. We have stated examples to visualize our results and also, we have examined a torsion free curve.
AtıfWoS1OpenAlex2İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ1A fast branch, bound and remember algorithm for disassembly line balancing problem
Li, Zixiang; Çil, Zeynel Abidin; Mete, Suleyman; Kucukkoc, Ibrahim
In recent years, the interests of disassembly line have increased owing to economic reasons and the increase of environmental awareness. Effective line can provide many advantages in terms of economic aspect and it facilitates competition the companies with others. This study contributes to the relevant literature by a branch, bound and remember algorithm for disassembly line balancing problem with AND/OR precedence. The proposed exact solution method employs the memory-based dominance rule to eliminate the reduplicated sub-problems by storing all the searched sub-problems and to utilise cyclic best-first search strategy to obtain high-quality complete solutions fast. In this paper, minimising the number of stations is taken as the performance measure. The proposed methodology is tested on a set of 260 instances and compared with the mathematical model using CPLEX solver and five well-known metaheuristics. Computational results show that the proposed method is capable of obtaining the optimal solutions for all the tested instances with less than 0.1 seconds on average. Additionally, comparative study demonstrates that the proposed method is the state-of-the-art algorithm and outperforms the CPLEX solver and metaheuristics in terms of both solution quality and search speed aspects.
AtıfWoS66OpenAlex65İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020A Novel Probabilistic Nuclei Segmentation Algorithm for H&E Stained Histopathological Tissue Images
Serin, Faruk; Erturkler, Metin; Gul, Mehmet
In this study, we propose a novel, fast and accurate segmentation algorithm to segment nuclei in H&E stained histopathological tissue images. The proposed algorithm does not require pre-processing, post-processing, and any manual parameter or threshold. The algorithm utilizes probabilistic and statistical properties of the pixels' color value in the images with RGB color space, and determines whether pixels are a part of any nuclei or not by using an automatically calculated threshold value. The algorithm provides time efficiency and reduced overall cost in the segmentation. Two more algorithms are also proposed to distinguish nuclei cluster from the other clusters obtained by K-means, and eliminate false positives in nuclei cluster, which are not nuclei. In order to compare and evaluate the performance of the proposed segmentation algorithm in terms of time and cost efficiency, K -Means is preferred because of its common usage. Expert evaluation is declared as ground truth for determining the accuracy of the results. The experiments are performed on 60 healthy and 60 damaged kidney, and 60 healthy and 60 damaged liver tissue images. The evaluations show that the proposed algorithm can effectively segment nuclei. The comparison results also demonstrate that the deviation between proposed algorithm and the expert is 2%, while the deviation between K -Means and expert is 5%.
AtıfOpenAlex2
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Anthropogenic Pollution Assessment of Pertek (Tunceli) Geothermal Field
Balaban, Tugbanur Ozen; Okan, Ozlem Oztekin; Sançar, Taylan; Önal, Ayten Oztufekci
The study area is located in Pertek town in Tunceli province in Eastern Anatolia. The geology of the study area is very important for the geodynamic evolution of the Eastern Taurus. Geological formations in the study area are Paleozoic Keban metamorphics, Upper Cretaceous Harami Formation, Middle-Upper Eocene Kirkgecit Formation, Upper Miocene Karabakir Formation, and Quaternary alluvium, from the oldest to the youngest, respectively. Hydrogeological units were divided into three units in accordance with lithological, structural and hydrogeological properties. The basement of the study area of sandstone, marbles and dolomitic marbles in the Keban metamorphic rocks are highly fractured and karstified and act as the main reservoir in particular for thermal waters in the study area. Kirkgecit and Karabakir Formations occur as barrier rocks in the geothermal area due to impermeable properties. Some levels of limestone units within the Keban metamorphics are aquifers for freshwater. Alluvium is the most important and suitable unit for cold groundwater production. In the study area, streams and rivers flow from southwest to northeast towards Keban Dam Lake. The lake is very important in the region from the point of view of hydroelectric power production, flood control, and irrigation. The thermal and mineral waters generally have high mineral contents. When they are discharged onto the surface, they can cause contamination in surface water, ground water, and of soil. Because of the fact that the water resources in the region are used for drinking and irrigation purposes, the quality of the water is evaluated within the scope of this study. For this reason, water and sediment samples were analyzed for boron, arsenic and other contaminant (Pb, Fe, Sb, Sn and Hg) substances to measure the contamination. The results acquired from the analysis of water samples suggest that concentrations of B, As and Pb in some of the samples exceed the limits of the TSE drinking-water standards(>100 ppb). Fe concentration is 2.16 ppm, Hg and Sb concentrations are also 0.05 ppm. Moreover, some of the sediment samples collected from thermal springs in Singec Creek are contaminated with B, As, Sb, Hg and Pb and other elements sourced from geothermal fluids. In this study, the geochemical evaluation of the presence of B, As, and other contaminants (Pb, Fe, Sb, Sn) derived from geothermal activities within sediment and water in the Pertek Geothermal Field and surrounding area were discussed.
AtıfWoS2OpenAlex2TR Dizin2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Determination of Some Aroma Metabolites of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Isolates from Traditional Yogurt, by HPLC
Yazdiç, Fadime; Akyol, Ismail; Yazdiç, Ferit Can
This study was conducted to determine lactic acid bacteria isolated from Turkish yoghurts produced by traditional methods, amounts of usage of milk lactose in carbohydrate metabolism and formate, pyruvate, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), ethanol and 2,3-butandiol production amounts by HPLC. Two lactic acid bacteria species, widely used in traditional and industrial yoghurt production Streptococcus thermophilus (St. thermophilus) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (Lb. bulgaricus) were used from cultural stock. Production potentials of the above mentioned metabolites of 88 pieces of St. thermophilus and 12 pieces of Lb. bulgaricus were researched in different mediums and milk. St. thermophilus isolates were grown in anaerobic SM17, aerobic SM17, LM17 and milk and Lb. bulgaricus isolates were grown in anaerobic MRS (Man, Rogosa and Sharp Broth), aerobic MRS and milk. Amounts of formate, pyruvate, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, ethanol and 2,3-butandiol determined by HPLC of St. thermophilus isolates were specified respectively as 0.1 +/- 0.0-77.0 +/- 0.2 mg/kg, 0.1 +/- 0.0-90.2 +/- 0.0 mg/kg, 0.1 +/- 0.0-127.0 +/- 8.4 mg/kg, 2.1 +/- 0.0-191.4 +/- 1.1 mg/kg and 1.1 +/- 0.0-130.0 +/- 5.2 mg/kg. Amounts of formate, pyruvate, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, ethanol and 2,3-butandiol of Lb. bulgaricus isolates were specified respectively as 0.2 +/- 0.0-57.0 +/- 1.0 mg/kg, 0.1 +/- 0.0-3.2 +/- 1.0 mg/kg, 0.1 +/- 0.1-77.0 +/- 2.0 mg/kg, 9.1 +/- 3.09-5.3 +/- 5.0 mg/kg and 6.2 +/- 0.2-98.4 +/- 2.0 mg/kg. Metabolites that determined quantified ranges in study, belong to subcultures of bacteria isolated from yoghurts fermented by traditional methods. These isolates have the potential to be a starter culture for commercial yogurt industry.
AtıfWoS1OpenAlex2TR Dizin1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ4Ricci semi-symmetric normal complex contact metric manifolds
Vanli, Aysel Turgut; Unal, Inan
In this paper, we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions a complex almost contact metric manifold to be normal. In addition, we give some new identities for the Riemann curvature and the Ricci curvatures of normal complex contact metric manifolds. Furthermore, we show that a Ricci semi-symmetric normal complex contact metric manifold is Einstein.
AtıfScopus5
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Metallic nanoparticles as X-Ray computed tomography (CT) contrast agents: A review
Aslan, Naim; Ceylan, Burhan; Koç, Mümin Mehmet; Findik, Fehim
X-ray computed tomography vastly used in both medical purposes and in the research of biological and non-biological materials/samples. Some of the medical applications performed in the clinics requires special protocols where contrast agents may be needed to enhance the contrast. Iodine based contrast agents are commonly used in such applications. Iodine based contrast agents were found hazardous to the environment and some patients has iodine in tolerance due to thyroid origin diseases. Scientists from different fields try to develop contrast agents which can be an alternative to iodine based contrast agents. Metallic nanoparticles have potential to be used as CT contrast agent since metals has high X-ray attenuation and high density. Metal nanoparticles considered as toxic to the living organisms. Covering nanoparticles with organic molecule often reduce toxicity and enhance the biocompatibility. Decoration of nanoparticles with function groups give them targeting properties where special organ and/or tissue can be targeted. Up to now, different studies illustrated the importance of the multipurpose properties of the metallic nanoparticles. In this report, we assessed the metal nanoparticles reported as X-ray computed tomography contrast agent. For the first time in the literature we listed in vivo contrast enhancement, targeted drug delivery and dual/multipurpose imaging properties of each metallic nanoparticles. Therapeutic effects of metallic nanoparticles such as photothermal therapy and magnetic hyperthermia were also addressed. A chart showing relative contrast enhancement properties of the nanoparticles were produced.
AtıfScopus127OpenAlex134İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ1Impact of mechanical properties of historical masonry bridges on fundamental vibration frequency
Onat, Onur
The fundamental frequency of a historical monument like a masonry bridge or any other structure provides a better and detailed seismic assessment of its demand to provide protection against unexpected seismic ground motion. On this basis, this paper aims to develop an empirical formulation to fit the ambient vibration frequency of historical masonry bridges using a nonlinear regression model. For this purpose, data series were collected from the literature especially focused on both ambient vibration measurement and finite element models of historical masonry bridges modeled on a full scale to get the first global natural frequency. The first approach is to forecast the natural vibration frequency by using only physical characteristics of the historical masonry bridges obtained from the literature-based experimental ambient vibration frequency data. The second approach consists of forecasting the first natural vibration frequency considering the unit weight and elasticity modulus of the dominant construction material based on the homogenization approach. In addition to mechanical characteristics, physical properties of historical masonry bridges were used, such as the length, height, width, and Main Arch Span (MAS) length of the masonry bridge, to predict the first natural vibration frequency. Among the proposed equations, a maximum accuracy of 58% was reached with the literature-based experimental approach. Moreover, an empirical formulation with 81% accuracy was proposed by using both physical characteristics and mechanical properties of the bridges on the basis of finite element model results. Also, this study highlights that this accuracy decreases to 35% if the modulus of elasticity and unit weight are ignored. In addition, the developed formulations are compared with other empirical formulations using the Mean Square Error (MSE), as a measure of the average of the squares of the errors. Consequently, the smallest MSE value of 1.95 was obtained with the proposed equation, whose accuracy was 81% in this study.
AtıfScopus17WoS19OpenAlex21İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ1A deep convolutional neural network model for automated identification of abnormal EEG signals
Yıldırım, Özal; Baloglu, Ulas Baran; Acharya, U. Rajendra
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is widely used to monitor the brain activities. The manual examination of these signals by experts is strenuous and time consuming. Hence, machine learning techniques can be used to improve the accuracy of detection. Nowadays, deep learning methodologies have been used in medical field to diagnose the health conditions precisely and aid the clinicians. In this study, a new deep one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) model is proposed for the automatic recognition of normal and abnormal EEG signals. The proposed model is a complete end-to-end structure which classifies the EEG signals without requiring any feature extraction. In this study, we have used the EEG signals from temporal to occipital (T5–O1) single channel obtained from Temple University Hospital EEG Abnormal Corpus (v2.0.0) EEG dataset to develop the 1D CNN model. Our developed model has yielded the classification error rate of 20.66% in classifying the normal and abnormal EEG signals.
AtıfScopus164OpenAlex211İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ2New national and regional bryophyte records, 63
Ellis, L.T.; Afonina, O.M.; Czernyadjeva, I.V.; Konoreva, L.A.; Potemkin, A.D.; Kotkova, V.M.; Alataş, M.; Blom, H.H.; Boiko, M.; Cabral, R.A.
AtıfScopus21OpenAlex23İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Empirical modeling between degree days and optimum insulation thickness for external wall
Kallioğlu, Mehmet Ali; Ercan, Umut; Avcı, Ali Serkan; Fidan, Cihad; Karakaya, Hakan
Insulating is the most effective method that is used to save energy in buildings. Samples from cities from different climatic zones from TS 825 (Turkey) first. Optimum insulation thickness (xopt) analysis is based on two types of insulating and four different fuels (natural gas, coal, fuel oil and electric) of related cities. Cost accounts, payback period and CO2-SO2 emission calculations were performed based on these analyses. Second of all, the relationship between a number of degree day (NDD) and optimum insulation thickness (xopt) was developed by linear, quadratic and cubic correlations. Thirty different mathematical correlations based on different fuel types by using XPS and EPS insulating materials. Twenty-four of these models that were developed were generated peculiar to the fuel type; six of them were generated based on average insulation thickness. R2 values of related correlations are between 0.9989 most and 0.9952 at least as well as it is pretty close to (R ≤ 1) one value. The model among these models is the xopt xopt = a+b (NDD) + c(NDD)2+ d(NDD)3 cubic mathematical model that gives the best average value. a = 0.0036, b = 5E-05, c =–7E-09 and d = 6E-13 are the values for XPS material. Following values are for EPS material; a = 0.0028, b = 5E-13, c =–7E-09 and d = 4E-05. R2 determination coefficient of both two equations is pretty close to 0.9989 and 1; the models obtained are less-than-stellar. Optimum insulation thickness of the area can be known based on the type of material via the number of degree day without the need for long analyses. According to the R2 values, the use of all models is recommended for academic and industrial users.
AtıfScopus21WoS24OpenAlex22İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ3Modeling of Drying Processes of Dates (Phoenix, Arecaceae) with Oven or TGA and Microbiological Properties of Fresh and Dried Dates
Ertekin, Özlem; İpek, Yeliz
Drying method, which is one of the oldest preservation methods, is important for preserving fruits. Date palm fruit is an important food in human nutrition due to some vitamins, minerals, sugar, phenolic components, and high fiber content. In the literature, date palm drying was not studied sufficiently in the aspect of mathematical modeling and the effect of drying process on the microbiological properties. In this novel study, date palm drying process was applied with four different temperatures of 50°C, 70°C, 90°C, and 110°C with two different drying techniques; drying with oven and drying with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Chemical changes in the date palm structure after drying at different temperatures were investigated with FTIR analysis. Fibrous structure of palm fruit is also exhibited with SEM analysis. On the other hand, microbiological studies were applied both for fresh and dried date palm to observe the drying process effect on the growth of different types of microorganisms. Consequently, drying time decreased with increasing drying temperature while the color of the dried date palm fruit became darker with increasing temperature. However, the chemical structure was not affected. Drying time of oven drying technique was longer than drying with TGA technique. The mathematical model of the drying temperature depending on drying time is calculated as (Formula presented.) for TG-DTA drying experiments and (Formula presented.) for drying process with oven. In addition, the microbiological load has significantly decreased or disappeared with the drying process.
AtıfScopus6WoS6OpenAlex6İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Synthesis and modification of amine-terminated maleic anhydride‑butyl acrylate copolymer and investigation of adsorption properties for cadmium (II) ions (Cd2+)
Yilmaz, Ersen; Erenler, Fatih Mehmet; Boztuğ, Ali
In this study, a maleic anhydride‑butyl acrylate copolymer (MA-BA) was synthesized using maleic anhydride (MA) and butyl acrylate (BA) monomers. The synthesis was carried out in methyl ethyl ketone by benzoyl peroxide as the initiator at 70 °C. Secondly, the MA-BA copolymer was chemically modified with ethylenediamine and abbreviated as NH2MA-BA. The copolymer and its modified structure were analyzed spectroscopically by FT-IR, thermally by Thermo Gravimetry (TGA) and by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Solubility tests of both structures were performed. Then, the adsorption of cadmium ions (Cd2+) by the modified copolymer (NH2MA-BA) was studied. The copolymer and its modified structure were synthesized successfully, and this was proven by their FTIR spectra. The (MA-BA) copolymer is soluble in common organic solvents but (NH2MA-BA) is not due to cross-linking. The DSC and DTA results showed that chemical modification improved the structure thermally. It was shown that the Freundlich model was the best explanation for the adsorption type in correspondence with the experimental plots, and the modified copolymer is a good candidate for Cd2+ adsorption.
AtıfScopus8WoS7OpenAlex8İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ1Evaluation of the radiation shielding capabilities of the Na2B4O7–SiO2–MoO3-Dy2O3 glass quaternary using Geant4 simulation code and Phy-X/PSD database
Aşkın, A.
The important gamma and neutron radiation shielding parameters of the Dy3+ doped (65-x)Na2B4O7–15SiO2–20MoO3-xDy2O3 (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mol%) glass quaternary system were investigated to provide decisive information for their application in radiation environment. Gamma and neutron attenuation properties of the glass systems studied here were evaluated in terms of the mass attenuation coefficient (μm), transmission fraction (TF), half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), exposure buildup factors (EBF) and fast neutron removal cross-section (∑R) parameters. Investigation of the each aforementioned parameter was performed thanks to the utilization of Monte Carlo simulations along with the Phy-X/PSD database. The photon attenuation characteristics were evaluated for gamma ray energies varying between 0.284 and 5.0 MeV. This study indicated that increase of the Dy2O3 content from 0% to 20% mole, enhances the gamma shielding capability due to the increase of the parameters μm and Zeff. In this study it was also observed that ∑R increases from 0.099 to 0.107 cm−1 as the molar fraction of Dy2O3 increases.
AtıfScopus75WoS74OpenAlex82İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ2Optimization of open channels using particle swarm optimization algorithm
Saplioglu, Kemal; Ozturk, Tulay Sugra Kucukerdem; Acar, Ramazan
Due to recent increasing water demand, planning and projecting of water resources has resulted in increased costs. There-fore, it is important to obtain optimum results in project planning. In this study, dimensioning of open channels used espe-cially for irrigation purposes has been studied using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to investigate optimum base width, channel height, and slope angles. The results are summarized in graphs and tables. In the study, it was found that the optimum slope angle varied between 0. 200. 45. Furthermore, it was found that increasing the slope angle significant-ly increased costs. Finally, the increase in flow increases costs but the rate of increase diminishes.
AtıfScopus6WoS6OpenAlex9İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020Scopus SJRQ3Potential anesthetic properties of bay leaf (Laurus nobilis) essential oil compared with 2-phenoxyethanol on blue dolphin cichlid, cyrtocara moorii
Kizak, Volkan; Can, Erkan; Seyhaneyildiz Can, Şafak
The efficacy of Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis) essential oil (LnEO) as a herbal anesthetic agent was evaluated with 2-Phenoxyethanol (2-PE) in Blue Dolphin Cichlid, Cyrtocara moorii. Fish were exposed to different anesthetic concentrations and the lowest effective concentrations (LECs) were determined according to deep anesthesia (AD<3 min) and full recovery (RF<5 min) times. LnEO showed anesthetic properties, and all applied concentrations of both agents induced AD in C. moorii. The LECs of LnEO and 2-PE for C. moorii were determined as 800 µl L-1 (AD; RF → 183 ± 6.3 s; 191 ± 2.6 s) and 600 µl L-1 (AD; RF → 171 ± 3.2 s; 239 ± 4.9 s), respectively. Significant differences were found between anesthetic agents in terms of deep anesthesia and full recovery times for the same concentrations (p<0.05). Induction and recovery times decreased with increasing in LnEO concentrations. On the other hand, anesthesia times were decreased with increasing of 2-PE concentrations, while recovery times increased. Induction and recovery times for LnEO were significantly dependent on concentrations and positive relationships were recorded between AD and RF, whereas the relationship was negative in 2-PE. Bay leaf essential oil has not been used as an anesthetic agent in fish until now. Our results showed that LnEO was an effective anesthetic agent with some minor side effects on C. moorii.
AtıfScopus2OpenAlex2İncele