Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Alataş, Mevlüt(34)
- Serdar, Osman(33)
- Utku, Anıl(21)
- Batan, Nevzat(20)
- Dal, Murat(19)
- Kutlu, Banu(19)
- Paksoy, Mehmet Yavuz(17)
- Benzer, Fulya(15)
- Ezer, Tülay(15)
- Altı, Aziz(14)
- Dal, Nursel Alp(14)
- Karatay, Gülnaz(14)
- Kutluyer Kocabaş, Filiz(14)
- İlhan, Aziz(14)
- Aydin, Rahmi(13)
- Yüksel, Fahrettın(13)
- Zengin, Ersoy(13)
- Aksu, Önder(12)
- Aslan, Alper(12)
- Gürarslan Baş, Nazan(12)
- Ozcan, Ebru Ifakat(12)
- Cuşa, Hasan(11)
- Demirol, Ferhat(11)
- Etli, Serkan(11)
- Gökcan, Özkan(11)
- Kocabaş, Mehmet(11)
- Sarı, Sacit(11)
- Sertel, Savaş(11)
- Yucesan, Melih(11)
- Erata, Hüseyin(10)
- Işık, Erdem(10)
- Kahraman, Gökhan(10)
- Kuzgun, Nermin Karaton(10)
- Topal, Murat(10)
- Şentürk, Gamze(10)
- Acun, Serdar(9)
- Akgül, Melek(9)
- Danabaş, Durali(9)
- Erguven, Gokhan Onder(9)
- Koç, Ali(9)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ3Hybrid parliamentary optimization and big bang-big crunch algorithm for global optimization
Kiziloluk, Soner; Özer, Ahmet Bedri
Researchers have developed different metaheuristic algorithms to solve various optimization problems. The efficiency of a metaheuristic algorithm depends on the balance between exploration and exploitation. This paper presents the hybrid parliamentary optimization and big bang-big crunch (HPO-BBBC) algorithm, which is a combination of the parliamentary optimization algorithm (POA) and the big bang-big crunch (BB-BC) optimization algorithm. The intragroup competition phase of the POA is a process that searches for potential points in the search space, thereby providing an exploration mechanism. By contrast, the BB-BC algorithm has an effective exploitation mechanism. In the proposed method, steps of the BB-BC algorithm are added to the intragroup competition phase of the POA in order to improve the exploitation capabilities of the POA. Thus, the proposed method achieves a good balance between exploration and exploitation. The performance of the HPO-BBBC algorithm was tested using well-known mathematical test functions and compared with that of the POA, the BB-BC algorithm, and some other metaheuristics, namely the genetic algorithm, multiverse optimizer, crow search algorithm, dragonfly algorithm, and moth-flame optimization algorithm. The HPO-BBBC algorithm was found to achieve better optimization performance and a higher convergence speed than the above-mentioned algorithms on most benchmark problems.
AtıfScopus3WoS1OpenAlex3
İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ3Bioactivity-guided isolation of anti-inflammatory principles from Cistus parviflorus Lam.
Gürbüz, Perihan; Doğan, Şengül Dilem; Çelik, Gizem Nur; Bekci, Hatice; Cumaoğlu, Ahmet; Gündüz, Miyase Gözde; Paksoy, Mehmet Yavuz
Bioactivity-guided fractionation and purification of Cistus parviflorus led to the isolation of two flavan-3-ol derivatives; gallocatechin (1) and epigallocatechin (2) and two flavonoid glycosides; avicularin (3) and trans-tiliroside (4). The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of NMR and ESIMS data. All compounds were isolated from C. parviflorus for the first time. Compounds 2 and exhibited antiinflammatory activity through decreasing the NOS2 and COX2 levels on LPS+IFN-γ treated RAW 264.7 cells. Molecular docking studies of avicularin, the most potent compound, were carried out in the active sites of NOS2 and COX2 to predict the most plausible binding modes and support the experimental data.
AtıfScopus7OpenAlex8TR Dizin2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ3Antifungal and antibacterial effect of dodder (Cuscuta campestris) used for hepatitis treatment of mothers and newborn infants in Province Mardin in Turkey; [Türkiye'de Mardin ilindeki annelerin ve yenidoğan bebeklerin sarılık tedavisinde kullanılan küsküt'ün (Cuscuta campestris) antifungal ve antibakteriyel etkileri]
Erecevit Sönmez, Pınar; Kirbağ, Sevda; İnci, Şule
Dodder is a plant used for the hepatitis treatment in new born infants in and around Mardin. The aim of this research to determine the antifungal and antibacterial effects of traditionally used dooder is known as a regional folk remedy. Thus and so, the efficacy of the drug has been demonstrated by the inclusion of natural therapeutic antimicrobial agents such as anti-inflammatory and wound healing, including infectious diseases. The antimicrobial effects of these plant was analyzed against bacteria, yeast and dermatopyta fungi by the agar disc diffusion method. The nominal concentration of the plant to prevent from the development of microorganisms was detected with the broth microdulitions method. It was determined that it had sensitive and moderately sensitive antimicrobial effect against all of microrganisms (13-19.66 mm/inhibition zone), growth of tested microrganisms were inhibited at 50-6.25 µL.It is though that this natural herbal resource can light the way for treatment of several diseases and direct the next studies because of having the potential for being used as a new antimicrobial agent.
AtıfScopus7OpenAlex8TR Dizin5İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ3Fuzzy-logic-based robust speed control of switched reluctance motor for low and high speeds
Omaç, Zeki
Switched reluctance motor (SRM) is operated at high magnetic saturation to generate large torque. The flux linkage of SRM is a nonlinear function with phase current and rotor position because of the high magnetic saturation. Also, the performance of the speed controller for the SRM driver system can be negatively affected by noise, disturbances, and inertia of load torque. Therefore, the fuzzy speed controller for the SRM driver system was developed in this study. In addition, a dynamic model of SRM was simulated in Matlab/Simulink software. Based on the results obtained in this study, the speed of the SRM was controlled over a wide range of speeds including low and high speeds by the fuzzy speed controller. Furthermore, in simulation, the rotor speed was simulated depending on the reference speed. Moreover, the speed of the SRM was experimentally tested using the DS1103 Ace kit. Finally, simulation results were compared with experimental results and they were found to be consistent with each other.
AtıfScopus10WoS5OpenAlex9TR Dizin3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ2The epiphytic bryophyte vegetation of Kamilet Valley (Artvin, Turkey)
Alataş, Mevlüt; Batan, Nevzat; Ezer, Tülay
In this study, the vegetation of epiphytic bryophytes in the Kamilet Valley and its surroundings (Arhavi, Artvin) was investigated. The study area is located within the borders of the Eastern Black Sea Mountains and is one of the 122 important plant areas in Turkey. The investigation of epiphytic bryophyte communities was carried out in 2016 during different vegetation periods according to Braun-Blanquet’s phytosociological methodology. Phytosociological data obtained from 65 relevés were ordinated using detrended correspondence analysis (DECORANA) and classified using two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN). Consequently, six epiphytic bryophyte communities new to Turkey were determined with TWINSPAN and DECORANA: Leucobryo-Tetraphidetum pellucidae, Anomodonto attenuati-Neckeretum crispae, Frullanio tamarisci-Exsertothecetum crispae, Ulotetum crispae, Anomodonto attenuati-Neckeretum crispae-leucodontetosum sciuroidis, and Ulotetum crispae-isothecietosum alopecuroidis. All syntaxa are presented by analyzing them in terms of their ecological and floristic classifications.
AtıfScopus10WoS9OpenAlex16TR Dizin10İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ2Optimization of microwave apple drying using response surface method; [Yanit yüzey metodu kullanarak mikrodalga ile elma kurutmanin optimizasyonu]
Yoǧurtçu, Hakan
In this study, the effects of microwave output power and slice thickness on microwave drying of apple slices were studied by using response surface method (RSM) in a modified domestic microwave oven. For experimental design, the central composite rotatable design approach was used. The values of response variables, effective diffusion coefficient, drying rate constant, color change, Hue angle, total drying time and energy consumption, were determined from the experiments performed under design conditions. It was seen that the obtained second order polynomial equations successfully represent the response variables. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface curves revealed that microwave output power and slice thickness were significantly effective on response variables. The effects of the independent variables on the responses and the significance level of these effects were evaluated statistically and the optimum drying conditions were determined for the aims of min color change, total drying time, energy consumption and max Hue angle. Verification experiments were performed with a maximum of 9.54% error at the recommended optimum test conditions. It has been shown that the response surface method can be successfully applied in the microwave drying of apples.
AtıfScopus6WoS5OpenAlex3TR Dizin3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ3What is the predictive power of visual mathematics literacy perception and its sub-dimensions for geometry success?; [Görsel Matematik Okuryazarlığı Alt Boyutlarının Geometri Başarısını Yordama Gücü Nedir?]
Ilhan, Aziz; Tutak, Tayfun; Celik, Halil Coskun
Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between the visual mathematics literacy perceptions and its sub-dimension for geometry success levels of prospective teachers. It was also aimed to examine to what extent visual mathematics literacy perception and its sub-dimensions predicted geometry success. Research Methods: This study was designed in accordance with a qualitative, scanning model. The research was carried out with 232 (97 males and 135 females) prospective teachers who studied in Mathematics Education Program at Firat University, Education Faculty, and were selected by simple random sampling method. “Visual Mathematics Literacy Perception Scale” and “Geometry Success Test” were employed in this study as data collection tools. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used for analyzing the data. Findings: After the data were analyzed, it was determined that there was a positive relationship between the visual mathematics literacy perception and geometry success of prospective teachers. It was also determined that visual mathematics literacy perception is a meaningful predictor of geometry success. Implications for research and practice: Providing trainings on these concepts in the direction of the results, to investigate the concept of perception on other learning areas of mathematics and conducting experimental studies on the perception of visual mathematics literacy are suggested.
AtıfScopus5WoS2OpenAlex7TR Dizin2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ3Optimization of medical waste routing problem: The case of TRB1 region in Turkey
Mete, Suleyman; Serin, Faruk
A fundamental problem concerning medical waste disposal is the evaluation of the real and potential risks arising from waste with the focus on the risk of infection. Therefore, the optimization of medical waste routing from collection to disposal center can minimize the risk of infection. The routing of medical waste considers significant to determine potential routes and select the route with minimum distance. The management of the medical waste is important decision for environmental sustainability and includes the collection, transportation and disposal of these materials. In this paper, a geographic information system (GIS) solution approach is proposed to determine the best location of disposal center. Proposed approach is applied to medical waste transportation between 167 health institutions (collection centers) and predetermined 5 disposal centers through TRB1 region in Turkey, which consist of Malatya, Elazığ, Bingöl and Tunceli provinces. The results of case study are examined and suggestions for future research are provided.
AtıfScopus7OpenAlex7İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Kırmızı biber püresinin verim ve kalitesine mikrodalga ısıtmanın etkisi
Taştan, Özge; Bozkir, Hamza; Baysal, Taner; Rayman Ergün, Ahsen
Bu çalışmada kırmızı biber püresinin verim ve kalitesi üzerine konvansiyonel ısıtma tekniğine alternatif olarak mikrodalga ısıtma tekniği uygulanmıştır. Mikrodalga ısıtma uygulaması verim ve çıkış sıcaklığı cevap olacak şekilde yanıt yüzey metodu ile optimize edilmiştir. Mikrodalga ısıtma uygulamasının yanıt yüzey metodu ile optimum koşulları 900 W güç ve 6.52 rpm akış hızı olarak saptanmıştır. Bu optimum çalışma koşullarında verim ve çıkış sıcaklığı %76.76 ve 95 °C olarak bulunmuştur. Konvansiyonel ısıtma uygulaması da mikrodalga ısıtmada ulaşılan aynı sıcaklık derecesinde 95°C ve 9 dk olarak yürütülmüştür. Sonuç olarak mikrodalga ısıtma uygulaması ile verimde %8.07, pektin içeriğinde %17.75, C vitamin içeriğinde %20.6 artış saptanmıştır
- MakaleYalnız künye2018Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’nın kalitesi ve dondurulmuş depolama stabilitesi üzerine karanfil yağının etkisi
Kuzgun, Nermin Karaton; Özpolat, Emine; Çoban, Özlem Emir
The present study evaluated clove oil (0.5% and 1%v/w) use as a natural preservative on the quality of frozen rainbow trout fillets during of six months. Vacuum packed samples were stored at -18 ˚C. Microbiological parameters (total anaerobe, psychrophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, mold-yeast) and sensory quality (odour, color and texture) were determined during the storage period. Microbial growth was high over a period of frozen storage for control samples. The existence of clove oil demonstrated to develop the sensory quality of frozen rainbow trout fillets when used in combination with vacuum pack. According to our results, clove oil as natural protective and influential antibacterial can be used in conjunction with vacuum pack to augment frozen stored rainbow trout quality
AtıfTR Dizin2İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Shelf life of rainbow trout fillets hot smoking with different sauces
Kuzgun, Nermin Karaton; İnanlı, Ayşe Gürel; Özpolat, Emine; Çoban, Özlem Emir
Çalışmada, gökkuşağı alabalıklarından (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) füme ürünler hazırlanmıştır. Farklı soslar ilave edilen füme balıklar, önemli miktarda üretim potansiyeli ve lezzetli bir balık olan alabalık tüketiminde bir artışı hedefleyerek hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmada farklı soslar uygulanarak 4 grup (A, B, C ve D) elde edilmiştir. Örnekler, muhafaza süresince buzdolabı koşullarında (+4 ºC) muhafazaya alınmıştır. Bu araştırmada, ürünlerin muhafaza kalitesini ve raf ömrünü etkileyen kimyasal değişikliklerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma 2 tekerrürlü ve analizler 3 paralelli olarak yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, çalışmamızda hazırlanan tütsülenmiş örneklerin, kimyasal, mikrobiyolojik ve duyusal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler değerlendirildiğinde örneklerin raf ömrü, A grubu için 14 gün, B grubu için 28 gün, C grubu için 21 gün ve D grubu için 35 gün olarak belirlenmiştir
- MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ3Anesthetic Efficiency of 2-Phenoxyethanol on Broodstock of Salmo munzuricus, a New Trout Species Originating from Munzur Stream
Karataş, Bilal; Basusta, Asiye; Can, Erkan
Salmo munzuricus Munzur Vadisi Milli Parkı boyunca akan akarsularda yayılım gösteren yeni isimlendirilmiş bir alabalık türüdür. Bu çalışmada, anestetik madde olarak kullanılan 2-fenoksietanolün etkinliği Munzur akarsuyundan yakalanan yerli kahverengi alabalık üzerinde değerlendirilmiştir. Balıklar, 100-200 g (W1), 200-400 g (W2) ve 400-600 g (W3) olmak üzere üç ağırlık sınıfına ayrılmıştır ve çalışma 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 ve 0.5 mL L-1 olmak üzere 4 farklı anestetik konsantrasyonda yürütülmüştür. En kısa indüksiyon zamanı W3 grubunda, en uzun indüksiyon zamanı W1 grubunda bulunmuştur. En kısa anesteziden uyanma süresi W3 grubunda 73.2±3.83 sn sonra ortaya çıkmış ve en uzun uyanma süresi W1 grubunda 136±31.46 sn olarak tespit edilmiştir. W1 grubundaki 2-fenoksietanol konsantrasyonunun artması ile iyileşme süreleri artış göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, W2 ve W3 gruplarındaki uyanma sürelerinin, W1 grubunda gözlemlenenden genellikle anlamlı derecede daha uzun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca balık büyüklüğünün indüksiyon sürelerini ve uyanma sürelerini etkilediği de tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonucu olarak, 2-fenoksietanol için Salmo munzuricus anaçlarında en uygun konsantrasyonlar 100-400 g ağırlık aralığında 0.4 mL L-1, 400-600 g aralığında ise 0.5 mL L-1 olarak belirlenmiştir
AtıfTR Dizin1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Prediction of maximum relative out-of- plane displacement of infill wall exposed to shake table by using artificial neural network models
Gul, Muhammet; Onat, Onur
This paper aims to present forecasting of relative out-of-plane displacement, failure mode and failure limit of reinforced concrete frame enclosure with infill wall by artificial neural network (ANN) models. For this purpose, two shake table experiment test results were evaluated. Model-I is unreinforced brick model and Model-II is composed of infill wall with bed joint reinforcement. After a certain acceleration level, accelerometers are detached from the cracked wall surface in order not to be damaged. These instrument detachments cause data missing. Missing relative maximum out-of-plane displacements were predicted by ANN models. Moreover, failure of infill wall through out-of-plane direction is also predicted at 0,79g acceleration level for both models (Model-I and Model-II). This study proves that ANN based procedure predict robust results to estimate missing experimental data
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ4The Effect of Naringenin on Oxidative Stress in Some Tissues (Heart, Lung, Brain, Spleen, Muscle) of Lead-treated Rats
Benzer, Fulya; Dağ, Üzeyir; Erişir, Mine; Özkaya, Ahmet
Naringenin, a flavonoid increases resistance against oxidative stress. The present study aims to investigate the effect of lead on lipid peroxidasyonu and some antioxidants in heart, lung, brain, spleen, muscle and the effect of naringenin on these parameters. Naringenin was administered by orogastric gavage (50 mg/kg, dissolved in corn oil) and lead acetate was given as daily 500 parts per million in drinking water for 4 weeks. In the rats exposed to lead, MDA levels in the brain, lungs, spleen and muscle tissues significantly increased (P<0.001), in the heart tended to increase but not significantly (P>0.05). Lead caused a statistically significant decrease in GSH-Px activity of the brain, spleen and muscle tissues, in CAT activity of the heart, lung and muscle tissues, in GSH concentration of the lungs and muscle tissues (P<0.05). The administration of alone naringenin caused a statistically significant decrease in MDA levels in the heart and muscle, but a significant increase in the lung (P<0.05). Although increased MDA levels in the heart, lungs, brain, muscle and spleen tissues were significantly decreased by use of the naringenin together with lead (P<0.05), increased MDA levels in the lungs and spleen tissues could not be recovered to the normal level. Generally the decreased GSH-Px and CAT activities in these tissues due to lead were significanly increased by naringenin supplementation (P<0.05). In addition, the reduced GSH levels in lung and muscle, the inceased GSH levels in heart with effect of lead were returned to the normal by naringenin. Lead particularly causes to an increase in lipid peroxidation by consuming antioxidants of cells. Naringenin was able to prevent as tissue-specific (brain, muscle) the oxidative stress caused by lead.
AtıfOpenAlex2TR Dizin2İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Analysis of Frictionless Contact Problem for A Weighted Layer on An Elastic Half Plane Using FEM
Polat, Alper; Kaya, Yusuf; Özşahin, Talat Şükrü
In this study, a comparative analysis of the continuous contact problem of a homogeneous layer loaded by two rigid flat blocks and resting on elastic half plane is investigated using the finite element method (FEM). The results obtained from the elasticity solution are compared with FEM solutions. Also in this problem, it is assumed that the all surfaces are frictionless. Two dimensional finite element analysis of the problem is carried out using ANSYS Mechanical APDL. The analyzes are performed for different loading conditions of Q and P loads. Initial separation load and initial separation points (xcr, λcr) and normal stresses (σy) between the homogenous layer and the elastic half plane are determined. The obtained results are shown in graphs and tables.
AtıfTR Dizin3İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018A Sociological Analysis of The Themes of Education, Religion and Science in Krzysztof Kieslowski’s Film “Dekalog - Jeden”
Çobanoğlu, Yavuz
This study is based upon a sociological analysis of the film Dekalog -Jeden by the Polish director Krzysztof Kieslowski. Especially in last years, there is an observable increase in the number of academic works on sociological elements in cinema. Furthermore, cinema as a depository of image and meaning, gradually moves toward the center of sociological curiosity. Therefore, social realities that are touched upon by subjects like education, religion and science that occur within this film, will be the main points of focus of this study. The subject of analysis of this article will also be interpreted in three stages: 1. An evaluation of the relation between image and meaning; reasons for preference of the method of discourse analysis in an analysis of cinema sociology and its analytical uses. 2. Certain basic characteristics of Krzysztof Kieslowski’s cinema and a preliminary analysis of the sociological themes in other films of the director. 3. An interpretation of the language and discourses in the film Dekalog - Jeden in the light of findings reached through selected themes, their comparative analysis and a brief discussion of certain findings in the conclusion.
AtıfTR Dizin1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim20181965 Erzurum (Tekman, Cat, Ilıca, Hınıs) Measles Outbreak
Zengin, Ersoy; Küçükuğurlu, Murat
Studies on epidemic diseases in Turkey's recent history show that measles and the damage done by this disease are not adequately covered. As can be seen in the example of Erzurum, the disease, which caused massive child deaths in the late Ottoman period, did not come to an end in the first years of the Republic, but as late as 1965, especially in the southern provinces of Erzurum, hundreds of children had died. In February and March 1965, measles outbreaks in Erzurum's Tekman, Çat, Hınıs and Ilıca districts resulted in the deaths of hundreds of children in a short time. There was a violent winter in Erzurum that year; roads were closed due to snow and food and medicare aid was not available for weeks. At the time of this catastrophe, the reasons for measles disease and the remedies for the disease were discussed in national and local newspapers. There were discussions on various administrative and social issues such as malnutrition, which is called "hidden hunger", lack of health services, lack of child care knowledge, bureaucratic insensitivity, lack of transportation and communication possibilities. When studies on infectious and epidemic diseases are examined; the devastation caused by the measles disease in the Turkish society has not been adequately addressed. In this article; how the 1965 measles outbreak, which resulted in death of nearly 300 children, occurred, the helping efforts, the causes of death, and the impact on the society will be investigated.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018Türkiye-suriye ilişkilerinde bir kırılma noktası: ekim 1998 krizi veya diğer bir ifadeyle “ilan edilmemiş savaş”
Gökcan, Özkan
Türkiye-Suriye ilişkilerinin son 40 yıllık seyrine baktığımızda en önemlikırılma anlardan birinin 1998 yılının Ekim ayında yaşandığını söylemekmümkündür. 1990’lı yılların ilk yarısında imzalanan güvenlik protokollerinerağmen Suriye’nin PKK faaliyetlerine desteğini sürdürmesi ve AbdullahÖcalan’ın Suriye topraklarında ikamet ediyor olması, 1998 sonbaharındaiki ülkeyi savaşın eşiğine getirmiştir. Ekim 1998 Krizi’nin AdanaMutabakatı’nın imzalanması ile son bulması, iki ülke ilişkilerinde yeni birdönemin kapılarının aralanmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada PKK faaliyetlerininTürkiye-Suriye ilişkilerinde oynadığı inşa edici rol, Ekim 1998Krizi üzerinden analiz edilmektedir. Ekim 1998 Krizi’nin Suriye yönetimininPKK faaliyetlerine destek vermeyeceğini resmen taahhüt ederek sonlanması,iki ülke ilişkilerinde uzlaşmazlıktan her alanda işbirliği dönemine geçişinbaşlangıç noktası olmuştur. Bu nedenle Ekim 1998 Krizi’ni bir kırılmanoktası olarak değerlendirmek mümkündür.
AtıfOpenAlex3TR Dizin3İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018İrade-i milliye ve hâkimiyet-i milliye gazetelerine göre suriye’de arap-fransız çatışması (1919-1920)
Yedek, Şahin; Sertel, Savaş
Birinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra Osmanlı Devleti parçalanmış ve Ortadoğu yeniden şekillenmiştir. Bu şekillenmenin mimarı İngiltere ve Fransa olmuştur. Özellikle İngiltere savaş sonrasında Süveyş Kanalı’nı elinde tutarak Hindistan odaklı sömürge imparatorluğunu daha çok güçlendirmiştir. Ayrıca petrol merkezi olan Arap topraklarını da Sykes-Picot Anlaşması ile Fransızlarla paylaşmıştır. Savaştan önce Osmanlı Devleti’ne karşı savaşmaları karşılığında Araplara vaat edilen Arap Krallığı sözde tasarısı ise en başta olduğu yere geri dönmüş, yani çöpe atılmıştır.Savaştan sonra İngilizler Şerif Hüseyin’in oğlu Faysal’ı Suriye Kralı ilan etmiştir. Suriye’nin Sykes-Picot Anlaşması ile petrol bölgeleri olan Musul ve Kerkük’e karşılık Fransızlara bırakılması hoşnutsuzluk yaratmıştır. Siyasi manevraları iyi bilen İngilizler yeraltı ve yerüstü kaynakları sömürerek halkla çatışmaya girmemiştir. İngilizlerin aksine siyasi manevralarda iyi olmayan Fransızlar, Suriye’de halkın inanç ve kültürüne müdahale etmiş, Ermenileri Fransız üniforması giydirerek orduda kullanmıştır. Fransızların bu tutumlarına karşısında bağımsızlık isteyen Suriyeliler artmış ve Fransızlarla açıkça çatışmalara girilmeye başlanmıştır. Anadolu’da ulusal bir Türk devleti kurmak isteyen Mustafa Kemal ve arkadaşları da Suriye’deki Fransız karşıtı bağımsızlık hareketlerine destek vererek, Suriye’den gelen bağımsızlık taraftarları ile Ankara’da görüşmüştür. Ayrıca Anadolu’dan Suriye bağımsızlık taraftarlarına gıda, lojistik ve silah yardımı yapılmıştır.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018Tunceli İlindeki Trafik Kazası Oranlarının İncelenmesi
Zengin, Bilgin; Arslannur, Bircan
Bu çalışmada, Tunceli ilinde 2012 - 2016 yılları arasında meydana gelen trafik kazası sayıları ile bu kazalardaki ölü ve yaralı sayıları incelenmiş, sonuçlar Türkiye oranlarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. İncelenen yıllarda araç başına düşen kaza, ölüm ve yaralı yüzdelik oranları belirlenmiştir. Anlamlı bir değerlendirme yapabilmek için yüzdelik oranların ortalamaları dikkatlice hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca incelenen yıllar için Tunceli ilinin ve Türkiye’nin kişi başına düşen araç sayıları belirlenmiş ve sonraki analizler için ortalamaları hesaplanmıştır. Buradan Türkiye’de kişi başına düşen araç sayısının Tunceli ili ortalamasından 2.83 kat büyük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu durumun aksine araç başına düşen kaza yüzdelik ortalamalarına bakıldığında ise; Tunceli ili oranının Türkiye geneli oranından 2.33 kat daha büyük olduğu görülmektedir. Buna paralel olarak, araç başına düşen ölü ve yaralı yüzdelik oran ortalamalarının da Türkiye geneli ortalamalarından sırasıyla 2.67 ve 2.77 kat daha büyük olduğu görülmüştür. Diğer yandan, Tunceli ilinde kişi başına düşen araç sayısının Türkiye ortalamasından çok düşük olmasına rağmen kaza, ölüm ve yaralı oranlarının büyük oluşunun nedenleri de araç cinsi bakımından incelenmiştir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, Tunceli ili ve Türkiye için toplu taşıma (otobüs + minibüs) araçlarının genel araç toplamı yüzdelerinin sırasıyla %9.94 ve %3.45 olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Buradan Tunceli ilinin toplu taşıma araçları oranının Türkiye geneli oranından 2.88 kat daha büyük olduğu görülmektedir. Bu değerler bize Tunceli ilindeki trafik kazalarının toplu taşıma araçları ile yapılma olasılığının daha büyük olduğunu göstermektedir. Böylece, elde ettiğimiz bu veriler Tunceli ilindeki kazalarda ölü ve yaralı oranlarının Türkiye ortalamasından yaklaşık 3 kat büyük olması durumunu açıklamaktadır.
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